烟用接装纸、内衬纸和卷烟条与盒包装纸中18种邻苯二甲酸酯的测定

建立了同时测定烟用接装纸、内衬纸、卷烟条与盒包装纸中18种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量的气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)方法。剪碎后的样品经水浸润之后,加入乙醇和内标物,超声提取,提取液用正己烷液液萃取,取上清液进行GC/MS分析。结果表明:①方法的回收率在86.3%~109.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10.0%,定量限在1.1~57.6 mg/kg之间。②2000个烟用纸张样品中,95.7%的样品未检出PAEs,其他样品中检出的PAEs主要有DIBP,DBP和DEHP;98.9%的检出数据在100 mg/kg以下,个别样品含量稍高,但也低于300 mg/kg。该法适用于烟用接装纸、内衬纸、卷烟条与盒包装纸中18种PAEs含量的检测。     

接装纸对卷烟烟气焦油及7种有害成分的影响

为了降低吸烟的危害性,考察了三种不同接装纸(静电打孔、激光打孔和自然透气接装纸)对卷烟主流烟气中焦油、7种有害成分(CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛)及危害性指数的影响。结果表明:①在相同焦油水平时,自然透气接装纸卷烟具有较低的滤嘴通风率;②在相同滤嘴通风率下,相对静电打孔、激光打孔接装纸卷烟,自然透气接装纸卷烟具有较低的焦油、CO、HCN、NNK、B[a]P和巴豆醛释放量,以及CO/焦油比值;③在相同滤嘴通风率下,三种接装纸卷烟烟气中苯酚和NH3的释放量差别不明显;④在相同滤嘴通风率下,自然透气接装纸卷烟的危害性指数较低。自然透气接装纸具有较好的降焦减害性能,可用于低危害卷烟的开发。     

浅析烟用接装纸产品的卫生安全性

从卷烟过滤嘴所用接装纸中的铅元素、砷元素、荧光增白剂、挥发性有机物、菌落总数等有害指标出发,探讨了卫生指标对接装纸产品质量的影响。     

卷烟滤嘴材料中汞、砷的HG-AFS测定

采用硝酸-过氧化氢常压加热消解或微波消解和氢化物-原子荧光光谱法测定了接装 纸、成型纸、醋纤丝束、聚丙烯丝束、三醋酸甘油酯、聚丙烯丝束胶粘剂、白乳胶、热熔胶等8种 卷烟滤嘴材料195个样品中的汞、砷.结果显示①汞、砷的检出限、RSD和平均回收率分别为 0.1和1 ng/mL、1.14%～5.31%和2.83%～6.37%、93.58%～101.5%和95.58%～102.3%; ②这些卷烟滤嘴材料中的汞、砷含量范围分别为0.002～0.051 mg/kg和0.025～0.651 mg/ kg.该方法适用于卷烟滤嘴材料中汞、砷的测定.     

自透接装纸对降焦减害及感官质量的影响

滤嘴通风技术是目前国际上应用较为普遍的降焦手段之一,因其技术较为简便,且降焦效果明显而被广泛使用。目前主要是通过使用激光打孔接装纸,辅以高透成形纸的通风滤嘴实现。用自然透气度的接装纸代替打孔接装纸,可以免去打孔工序。将不同透气度的自透接装纸卷制成香烟样品,分析样品的主流烟气中有害物质的释放量、通风率、通风率变异系数,并对卷烟感官进行了评吸。在同等条件下与激光打孔烟用接装纸对进行对比,结果表明:在相同透气度的情况下,自透接装纸样品的一些有害成分如烟碱、焦油、巴豆醛、CO等的释放量更低,通风率变异系数均值为5.84%,低于打孔接装纸样品(6.67%)。当透气度低于160CU时,自透接装纸样品烟香更丰满、细腻、谐调,余味更纯净舒适。     

接装胶及接装纸种类对胶水渗透性的影响

为了评价胶水渗透对卷烟滤嘴通风率的影响,并为接装胶及接装纸选型提供依据,采用PVC矩形孔压片控制原始涂胶区面积,利用像素法计算着色胶水渗透区域面积,建立测定接装胶自然渗透率的方法,并对2种接装胶在12种接装纸上的自然渗透率进行了测定与分析。结果表明:(1)2种接装胶在12种接装纸上的自然渗透率分别为0.024 5%~0.138 0%,0.011 8%~0.112 0%,RSD均小于10%;(2)方差分析结果表明接装胶及接装纸种类对自然渗透率均有极显著影响;(3)K-means聚类分析结果表明,接装胶与接装纸之间配合适当则有利于降低胶水的自然渗透率。     

材料多因素对30mm滤嘴长卷烟通风率的影响

采用正交试验设计法研究卷烟纸、成型纸、接装纸及嘴棒组合搭配对30 mm滤嘴长卷烟的纸通风率、滤嘴通风率以及总通风率的影响.结果表明:接装纸透气度及卷烟纸透气度是影响卷烟通风率的显著因素和重要因素,对其进行调整和控制,可以很好地实现对30 mm滤嘴长卷烟产品通风率的控制.     

卷烟热塌陷的测试方法

为了准确测定卷烟烟支在抽吸过程中的塌陷情况,对CORESTA推荐方法进行了优化,建立了使用吸烟机测试卷烟烟支及滤棒部分抽吸热塌陷的方法。最佳测试条件为:烟支部分测定样品数量为10支,烟蒂长度为接装纸长+10 mm,压锤施压位置为接装纸长+3 mm;滤嘴部分测定样品数量为5支,烟蒂长度为接装纸长+3 mm,压锤施压位置为滤嘴中距烟丝和滤嘴的交接点5 mm处。最优化条件下实验相对标准偏差均低于10%,能够满足批量样品的测试分析。     

接装纸和成型纸透气度对卷烟中元素迁移行为的影响

为研究接装纸和成型纸透气度对卷烟燃烧过程中铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)6种元素迁移行为的影响,采用单因素设计方法制备了不同接装纸、成型纸透气度试验卷烟样品,并对抽吸前后各部分(卷烟烟丝柱体、抽吸前烟蒂、抽吸后烟蒂、主流烟气、侧流烟气和烟灰)中6种目标元素进行了电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定和迁移率分析。结果表明:①卷烟燃烧过程中,Cr,Ni,As,Se和Pb 5种元素的烟灰迁移量占总量的70%以上,仅少量(<10%)迁移到主、侧流烟气中。②随着接装纸和成型纸透气度的增加,6种元素的主流烟气、烟蒂迁移率有一定程度的降低,但烟灰迁移率有所增加。③接装纸和成型纸透气度对6种元素侧流烟气迁移率的影响不明显。      

接装纸和成型纸规格对卷烟感官质量影响研究

通过采用中心组合结合正交设计的方式制备不同卷烟辅助材料参数的卷烟样品,并对卷烟样品进行接装纸透气度的测定和感官质量评价,以考察卷烟辅助材料参数,尤其是接装纸和成形纸规格对接装纸透气度稳定性和卷烟感官质量的影响。结果发现:打孔排数对接装纸透气度稳定性和卷烟感官质量影响较大,此外,在透气度较高时,感官质量也受到打孔距离和成形纸透气度的影响。另外,打孔个数对接装纸透气度稳定性和卷烟感官品质的影响不明显。这对通过改变卷烟辅材参数来提升接装纸透气度的稳定性和卷烟感官品质具有一定的参考意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the