分批处理的K-means算法并行实现

为解决K-means 算法计算量大、收敛缓慢、运算耗时长等问题,给出一种新的K-means算法的并行实现方法。在通用计算图形处理器架构上,使用统一计算设备架构(CUDA)加速K-means算法。采用分批原则,更合理地运用CUDA提供的各种存储器,避免访问冲突,同时减少对数据集的访问次数,以提高算法效率。在大规模数据集中的实验结果表明,该算法具有较快的聚类速度。     

基于图形处理器加速 Wave-CAIPI 重建的 改进共轭梯度法

Wave-CAIPI 是一种利用多通道线圈和 k 空间螺旋轨迹采样来加速磁共振成像的新 3D 成像 方法。然而,Wave-CAIPI 采集的 3D 数据对于重建计算是巨大的。为了加速重建过程,该文使用基于图形处理器改进的共轭梯度算法实现了 Wave-CAIPI 重建,减少了重建时间。水模数据集和体内人 脑数据集的实验表明,基于图形处理器的 Wave-CAIPI 重建可以获得与传统基于中央处理器的 Wave-CAIPI 重建类似的图像结果,且重建效率显著提升。     

图形处理器在数据管理领域的应用研究综述

比较了中央处理器和图形处理器体系结构的异同,并简要介绍了最新的图形处理器通用计算平台及不同体系结构间并行算法的异同。详细叙述了图形处理器在空间数据库、关系数据库、数据流和数据挖掘及信息检索等方面应用的技术特点;探讨了基于图形处理器的各种内外存排序算法及性能;描述了基于图形处理器的各种数据结构和索引技术;阐述了图形处理器算法优化方面的工作。最后,展望了图形处理器应用于数据管理的发展前景,并分析了这一领域未来所面临的挑战。     

基于图形处理器的Cuboid算法

近年来,基于图形处理器的通用计算获得了广泛关注,并在多个领域取得了进展.内存OLAP减少了磁盘I/O,但基于单核或多核CPU的计算能力及cache miss成为新的性能瓶颈,从而无法保证好的效率.而图形处理器由于其众多核和高带宽能够很好地适应OLAP计算特性.通过图形处理器来加速任一cuboid的计算,从而提高整个内存OLAP系统的性能.提出了基于图形处理器的分块并行算法,并对算法进行了优化及讨论了数据稀疏和数据分布倾斜等不同条件下的算法.算法通过扩展可以突破内存限制,组成磁盘、内存、显存三级流水线,适应海量数据计算;同时算法也可以作为计算整个cube的基础.通过实验比较,基于图形处理器的算法明显优于四核CPU算法.     

大数据下基于异步累积更新的高效P-Rank计算方法

P-Rank是SimRank的扩展形式,也是一种相似度度量方法,被用来计算网络中任意两个结点的相似性.不同于SimRank只考虑结点的入度信息,P-Rank还加入了结点的出度信息,从而更加客观准确地评价结点间的相似程度.随着大数据时代的到来,P-Rank需要处理的数据日益增大.使用MapReduce等分布式模型实现大规模P-Rank迭代计算的方法,本质上是一种同步迭代方法,不可避免地具有同步迭代方法的缺点:迭代时间(尤其是迭代过程中处理器等待的时间)长,计算速度慢,因此效率低下.为了解决这一问题,采用了一种迭代计算方法——异步累积更新算法.这个算法实现了异步计算,减少了计算过程处理器结点的等待时间,提高了计算速度,节省了时间开销.从异步的角度实现了P-Rank算法,将异步累积更新算法应用在了P-Rank上,并进行了对比实验.实验结果表明该算法有效地提高了计算收敛速度.     

计算机技术在图形图像处理中的应用研究

目前,基于CPU(Central Processing Unit,中央处理器)的图形图像处理技术的发展难以跟上图形图像处理算法复杂度增加的速度。针对这一问题,本文对基于GPU(Graphic Processing Unit,图形处理器)的图形图像处理技术进行了研究,即利用CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture,统一计算设备架构)技术,使用C++语言在GPU上实现了图像图像处理中的彩色负片处理、高斯模糊处理以及Alpha透明混合处理。实验表明,本文所实现的基于GPU的处理技术能以较短的时间达到与基于CPU的处理技术一样的效果。     

基于CUDA的蛋白质翻译后修饰鉴定MS-Alignment算法加速研究*

对MS-Alignment算法进行分析得出该算法很难满足大规模数据对鉴定速度的要求,而且具有的一个特点是相同的任务在不同的数据上重复计算,为数据划分提供了基础。基于CUDA编程模型使用图形处理器(GPU)对步骤数据库检索及候选肽段生成进行加速优化,设计了该步骤在单GPU上的实现方法。测试结果表明,此方法平均加速比为30倍以上,效果良好,可以满足蛋白质翻译后修饰鉴定中大规模数据快速计算的需求。     

基于GPU的AES快速实现

为了充分利用图形处理器(GPU)的闲置资源,同时达到提高密码算法加密速度的目的,提出了一种在图形处理器上实现AES加密算法的方法,分别阐述了基于传统OpenGL的AES实现以及基于最新技术CUDA的AES实现,并对这两种方法的实现性能进行了分析,同时与传统CPU方法的实现性能进行了比较,基于CUDA的AES的实现速度达到了传统CPU上AES实现速度的19.6倍.     

LU分解和Laplace算法在GPU上的实现

随着图形处理器(GPU)性能的大幅度提升以及可编程性的发展,已经有许多算法成功地移植到GPU上.LU分解和Laplace算法是科学计算的核心,但计算量往往很大,由此提出了一种在GPU上加速计算的方法.使用Nvidia公司的统一计算设备架构(CUDA)编程模型实现这两个算法,通过对CPU与GPU进行任务划分,同时利用GP...     

基于图形处理器的点云快速光顺

点云数据光顺是点模型数字几何处理的一个重要研究内容。在海量数据规模应用中,不仅需要较高的光顺质量,而且需要有快速的处理速度。传统的基于CPU的光顺算法串行地处理每个采样点,导致巨大的时间开销。本文提出一种适应于图形处理器的点云快速光顺算法,将多个采样点处的协方差矩阵组织成一个大规模稀疏矩阵,以纹理图像的形式保存该稀疏矩阵,在像素程序中利用图形处理器强大的并行计算能力迭代求解协方差矩阵的最小特征值与特征向量,并据此计算光顺的速度和方向。实验在配有GeForce 8600GTS显卡的平台上进行。实验结果表明,基于GPU的点云光顺算法较之基于CPU的算法能够显著提高计算效率,从而为快速点云处理提供了良好的支持。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.