基于DE 和SA 的Memetic 高维全局优化算法

针对高维复杂多模态优化问题,传统的进化算法存在收敛速度慢,求解精度低等缺点,提出一种面向高维优化问题的Memetic全局优化算法。算法通过全局搜索和局部搜索结合的混合搜索策略,采用多模式并行差分进化算法进行全局搜索,基于高斯分布估计的模拟退火算法进行局部搜索。改进后的Memetic算法不仅继承了差分进化算法能发现全局最优解的优点,而且能大幅度提高搜索效率。最后,通过对4个高维多峰值Benchmark函数进行仿真实验,实验结果表明本文算法有效提高了算法的收敛速度和求解精度。     

基于复形法和云模型的差分进化混合算法

为了改善差分进化算法的收敛速度和优化精度, 提出一种基于复形法和云模型的差分进化混合算法（HDECC）。该算法使用差分进化算法搜索局部最优域, 引入复形法和云模型来加快算法的收敛速度和提高算法优化精度, 使算法的初期搜索速度和之后的优化精度得到相互平衡。最后, 使用七个标准约束优化问题和两个典型工程应用实例进行实验仿真, 实验结果表明, 与同类算法比较, HDECC算法全局搜索能力强、优化精度高、收敛速度快, 且算法更稳定。     

混沌时间序列的自适应变异差分进化ANFIS预测

提出了一种基于自适应变异差分进化（AMDE）算法的ANFIS模型对混沌时间序列进行预测的方法,该方法采用自适应变异差分进化算法和最小二乘法相结合的混合学习算法对ANFIS网络结构参数进行优化设计,利用差分进化算法的全局寻优能力对ANFIS网络前件参数进行优化,而网络的结论参数采用最小二乘法优化,混合学习算法提高了网络参数辨识的收敛速度和系统的全局收敛性,仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于免疫进化规划的多用户检测技术研究

把人工免疫系统和神经网络系统的信息处理机制引入到进化规划算法（EP），提出了免疫进化规划算法．所提IEP通过使用随机Hopfield神经网络制备疫苗构成新的免疫算子，把新的免疫算子结合到进化规划中，不仅加快了进化规划的收敛速度，并提高了进化规划的全局收敛能力．然后在CDMA系统利用此算法设计了新的多用户检测器．仿真结果证明了该方法能够快速收敛到全局最优解，并且无论抗多址干扰和抗远近效应能力都优于传统方法和一些应用优化算法的多用户检测器．     

新的全局-局部最优最小值粒子群优化算法

为了提高粒子群优化算法的收敛速度,克服陷入局部最优的缺点,在全局-局部最优粒子群优化算法的基础上,提出了一种新的改进粒子群优化算法——全局-局部最优最小值粒子群优化算法.该算法把惯性权重和学习因子分别通过结合全局和局部最优最小值来进行改写,速度更新公式也做了相应的简化.仿真实验表明该算法在收敛速度和寻优质量上都优于基于LDIW策略改进的粒子群算法和全局-局部最优粒子群算法.     

基于文化算法的符号网络全局不平衡度计算

针对已有符号网络不平衡度计算方法大都只关注局部网络单元的平衡信息,没有考虑网络更大范围乃至全局角度的平衡,无法揭示网络中的不平衡区域这一问题,提出基于文化算法的符号网络全局不平衡度计算方法。该方法利用伊辛自旋玻璃模型描述符号网络的全局状态,将不平衡度的计算转换为一个优化问题,并设计一种具有双层进化结构的文化算法——CA-SNB进行求解。首先,该算法采用遗传算法进行种群空间进化;其次,在信度空间中记录较优个体,并采用贪婪算法提取状况知识;最后,利用状况知识引导种群空间的进化,在保证种群多样性的基础上提高了收敛速度。实验表明,与遗传算法和矩阵变换算法相比,CA-SNB能较快地收敛到最优解,具有较高鲁棒性,在计算全局不平衡度的同时识别不平衡区域。     

反向认知的高效果蝇优化算法

针对果蝇优化算法的早熟收敛问题,提出一种基于最优和最差个体协同学习的果蝇优化算法。该算法通过在进化方程中添加向最差个体学习的改进策略,优化进化方程,增强算法跳出局部最优、寻找全局最优的能力。对经典测试函数的仿真结果表明,该算法具有更好的全局搜索能力,在收敛速度、收敛可靠性及收敛精度上比其他算法有较大的提高。     

基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法

为了解决认知无线网络中的频谱分配问题,提出一种基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法。它采用图论着色模型,首先使用遗传算法将多个种群进行独立进化,以提高种群的全局搜索能力;然后选出每个种群中的最优的个体作为粒子群优化的粒子,并通过控制每个粒子的初始速度方向来加快算法的收敛速度。最后以系统总收益最大化和用户间的公平性为优化目标与遗传算法和粒子群算法进行了对比实验,仿真结果表明,该算法在收敛速度、认知用户接入公平性和系统总收益3个方面的性能均优于遗传算法和粒子群算法。     

基于历史认知的果蝇优化算法

针对果蝇优化算法的早熟收敛问题,提出了一种新的基于历史认知的果蝇优化算法。新算法通过增加个体“历史认知”的改进策略,优化进化方程,从而避免潜在全局最优解因为不考虑自己的历史轨迹,仅依靠单纯的聚集行为,而使自己的寻优轨迹迂回曲折,错过成为全局最优解的可能;并且通过线性递增的动态变化系数ω调整在迭代寻优过程中个体的“历史”对本次学习的价值,增强算法跳出局部最优,寻找全局最优的能力。对几种经典测试函数进行了仿真和实例计算,结果表明新算法更好地平衡了全局和局部搜索能力,在收敛速度、收敛可靠性及收敛精度上比其他经典智能优化算法有较大的提高。     

协同粒子群优化算法的改进与仿真

传统PSO算法的收敛性能会随求解问题空间维数的增加而下降,根据协同进化原理,通过对传统PSO算法进行协同优化处理,设计一种改进的协同PSO算法。在每次迭代过程中,采用传统PSO算法更新粒子位置和速度,由此产生群体当前的全局最优位置;对所有粒子所经历的最优位置进行降维的协同优化,产生一个参考全局最优解;根据参考全局最优解更新群体当前的全局最优位置。仿真结果表明,该算法可以明显提高收敛速度,在某些问题上可以收敛到全局最优。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.