锂离子电池负极材料 Na2Li2Ti6O14的嵌脱锂过程动力学研究

为了研究钛酸钠锂(Na2Li2Ti6O14)负极材料嵌脱锂的动力学行为,用溶胶-凝胶法合成 Na2Li2Ti6O14负极材料,采用 X 射线衍射法(XRD)和电子显微镜(SEM)分别对材料进行物相分析和微观形貌的观察.采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流间歇滴定法(GITT)研究了 Na2Li2Ti6O14的电化学性能和嵌脱锂过程动力学.研究结果表明,制备的 Na2Li2Ti6O14材料纯度高,结晶度良好,循环稳定性好;由不同扫描速率的循环伏安法测出的 Na2Li2Ti6O14中锂离子在氧化、还原峰对应的化学扩散系数 Da和 Dc分别为7.3×10-11和7.8×10-11cm2/s;由恒电流间歇滴定技术测得的锂离子在 Na2Li2Ti6O14电极中的扩散系数为10-11~10-8cm2/s.     

球形LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4材料的嵌脱动力学

为明晰Li Mn1.5Ni0.5O4正极材料的动力学性能,采用水热辅助共沉淀法合成了尖晶石Li Mn1.5Ni0.5O4正极材料,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了材料的结构和锂离子嵌脱动力学.实验结果表明:共沉淀法制备的Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料颗粒呈均匀球形,且平均粒径较小,粒度分布较窄.在循环过程中,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4的电荷转移电阻增大,锂离子扩散系数减小,进而电子电导率和离子电导率下降.温度升高后,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的溶液电阻变化不大,但是电荷转移电阻逐渐增大,锂离子扩散系数逐渐减小;此外,随着温度的升高,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的溶解速度加快,从而导致SEI膜的厚度增大.Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的嵌脱锂动力学与温度和循环次数有密切关系.     

Mn2+掺杂对LiFePO4正极材料结构、性能及嵌锂动力学的影响

为了改善橄榄石型LiFePO4正极材料的性能,采用高温固相法合成了Mn掺杂的LiMnxFe1-xPO4(x=0,0.10,0.25,0.40,0.50)材料.采用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、充放电测试、循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱研究了材料的结构、电化学性能和锂离子嵌脱动力学.结果表明,锰掺杂的LiFePO4样品颗粒分布比较均匀,具有较小的平均粒径和窄的粒度分布,LiMnxFe1-xPO4是纯相的橄榄石结构.在不同倍率下,LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4具有最高的放电容量和最好的动力学性能.Mn的掺杂提高了LiFePO4材料的可逆性、锂离子扩散系数和放电容量,减小了电荷转移电阻,进而提高了其动力学性能.     

LiMn_2O_4粉体及薄膜电极动力学性质的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石型Li Mn2O4粉体及薄膜.采用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及原子力显微镜(AFM)等表征方法对所得产品进行物性分析,通过循环伏安(CV)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学表征手段考察了两种电极的动力学过程,并得到相应的动力学参数.测试结果表明,Li Mn2O4材料的结晶度、粒度和电极的厚度、比表面积、碳材料导电剂的添加等因素影响了电极过程动力学性质,从而导致其电化学性能的差异.     

近三年来锰酸锂二次锂电池的研究进展

二次锂离子电池由于比能量高和使用寿命长,已成为便携式电子产品的主要电源。总结了近三年来二次锂离子电池的研究进展。正极材料锰酸锂LiMn2O4为尖晶石晶体结构,Li+可在Mn2O4三维网络结构中嵌入-脱嵌,并完成充放电过程。锰酸锂的制备方法有高温固相反应、微波烧结法、固相配位反应法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳化法、Pechini法及其它新的合成方法等。通过掺杂其它阳离子和阴离子,特别是多种元素同时掺杂,可提高正极材料的稳定性和可逆性。同时讨论了负极材料的制备方法;正极材料容量衰减机理及相应改善措施;电池制备工艺和其它有关研究。最后指出了今后的研究重点:电极材料的充放电性能与电极制备工艺间的关系、锂锰氧与碳负极直接组装成试验电池、开发固体电解质在二次锂电池中的应用。     

Effects of Al, F dual substitutions on the structure and electrochemical properties of lithium manganese oxide

Spinel LiMn2O4 and F, Al-doped spinel LiAl0.05Mn1.95O3.98F0.02 have been synthesized by a soft chemistry method using adipic acid as the chelating agent. The synthesized spinel materials were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetery (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge-discharge testing. The results indicate that all the samples have high phase purity, and fluorine is important in controlling the morphology; the doped aluminum enhances the stability of spinel LiMn2O4. The charge-discharge tests indicate that LiAl0.05Mn1.95O4 has high capacity retention, which is 92.60% of the initial after 50 cycles. It is found that the novel compound LiAl0.05Mn1.95O3.98F0.02 with smaller particles can offer much higher capacity, whose initial discharge capacity is 126.5 mAh?g-1. The cyclic voltammetric experiments disclose the enhanced reversibility of the F, Al3 -modified spinel as compared with the undoped spinel.     

纳米稀土氧化物对PMMA-PC-LiClO4电解质体系的影响

以碳酸丙烯酯(PC)为溶剂,以纳米稀土氧化物三氧化二镧(La2O3)、二氧化铈(CeO2)、三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为无机填料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量PMMA-PC-LiClO4-χ%稀土氧化物的电解质薄膜.通过研究发现:添加1.3%Y2O3电解质体系的电导率为7.4×10-4 S/cm,比之前提高约3倍;SEM和XRD证实,电导率的增加主要是因为纳米粒子的加入降低了电解质体系的结晶度,增大了无定形区域,使锂离子的迁移更加顺畅;红外结果显示其结晶度的下降不是化学结构的改变;TG曲线表明添加Y2O3会使电解质体系热稳定性稍有提高,其残碳量由2.8%上升到8.9%.除此之外,添加Y2O3可以有效防止气泡的产生.     

尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4薄膜的制备及电化学研究进展

系统地介绍了LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4薄膜的制备方法:静电喷雾沉积、电泳沉积、溶胶凝胶、脉冲激光溅射沉积及射频磁控溅射沉积,分析了这些制备方法对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4薄膜结构和电化学性能的影响机制. 其中,脉冲激光溅射沉积法和射频磁控溅射沉积法制备的薄膜因具有致密性好、附着力强、表面均匀、厚度易控等优势,近年来正逐渐受到重视. 并提出通过掺杂、表面修饰、优化成膜参数、缩小晶粒尺寸、添加缓冲材料等一系列有效途径, 提高LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极薄膜的循环稳定性及锂离子扩散系数.     

LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2与LiMn2O4共混正极材料电化学性能

为开发具有优良循环性能和安全性能的大型锂离子电池的正极材料,将不同比例的LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2和Li Mn2O4材料进行共混,研究了LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2和Li Mn2O4共混以及共混比例(10∶0、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、0∶10)对锂离子电池的首次放电性能、循环性能和倍率性能以及交流阻抗和循环伏安曲线的影响,并采用扫描电镜对电极材料进行了表征.研究结果表明,共混比例会影响材料的电化学性能,8∶2,7∶3和6∶4配比的混合材料的体积比容量、循环性能和倍率性能要好于纯LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2和Li Mn2O4材料.其中,8∶2配比的材料性能最好.     

固态电解质LiZr2(PO4)3的掺杂及其在电极中的应用

NASICON型固态电解质磷酸锆锂(LZP)具有优异的结构稳定性和性能可靠性，但其在室温下的锂离子电导率较低，限制锂离子的传输。针对上述问题，采用溶胶凝胶法对磷酸锆锂电解质材料进行阳离子掺杂，提高材料的电导率，进而提升锂离子在材料中的输运能力。同时，将掺杂的磷酸锆锂电解质对电极进行修饰，提升电极本身的锂离子输运性能。探究了离子掺杂电解质对电极的锂离子扩散动力学性能的影响机理。实验结果表明，LiTi_0.25Zr_1.75(PO₄)₃对电极的锂离子扩散动力学性能提高最为显著，锂离子扩散系数达到3.25×10^-14cm²·S^-1,是未修饰电极的2.95倍，同时在5C倍率下，LiTi_0.25Zr_1.75(PO₄)₃修饰的电极比未修饰电极比容量提高了25.48 mAh·g^-1。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石结构镍锰氧化物型锂离子筛

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以乙酸锂、乙酸镍和乙酸锰为主要原料,通过正交试验得到制备镍锰氧化物型锂离子筛LiNixMn2-xO4的适宜条件:x=0.05,柠檬酸作螯合剂,焙烧温度700℃,焙烧时间8 h。用0.5 mol.L-1过硫酸铵作抽锂剂,Mn2+的溶出率较低,仅为0.31%。通过X射线衍射分析证明所合成的锂离子筛为尖晶石结构,每克离子筛对Li+的饱和交换容量达36.72 mg。     

尖晶石型锰酸锂制备及其电化学性能

锰酸锂被认为是取代商品锂离子电池正极材料的LiCoO2候选材料.以二氧化锰、醋酸锰及氢氧化锂为原料,蒸馏水为分散剂,在空气气氛下进行分段烧结,控制烧结温度和时间,制备了锂离子电池正极材料锰酸锂.用X射线衍射仪,电子扫描电镜对产物的结构特征、微观表面形貌和恒流充放电性能进行了表征.结果表明:所制得正极材料为尖晶石型锰酸锂,结晶度高,无杂质相,材料颗粒的粒径均匀,首次放电比容量为117.3 mAh/g(0.5 mA/cm2,2.8~4.4 V,vs.Li+/Li);50次循环后,放电比容量为107.9 mAh/g,不可逆容量损失为9.4 mAh/g,比容量保持率为92.0%.得到了很好的综合电化学性能.     

Electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1 synthesized by solid-state reaction

Two types of spinel cathode powders, LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1, were synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared samples were identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd 3 m. The cubic lattice parameter was determined from least-squares fitting of the XRD data. The LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1 sample showed a little lower initial capacity, but better cycling performance than the LiMn2O4 sample at both room temperature and an elevated temperature. The Vanderbilt method was used to test the electrochemical conductivity of the LiMn2O4 samples. The electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy (EIS) method was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of these spinel LiMn2O4 samples.     

Li_(1.52)Ni_(0.30)Mn_(0.78)Co_(0.06)O_(2.00)正极材料的电化学性能

以Li2CO3、Ni(CH3COO)2·2H2O、Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O、Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O和Na2CO3为原料,通过直接沉淀法制备了具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构的微米Li1.52Ni0.30Mn0.78Co0.06O2.00正极材料.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、恒电流充放电、交流阻抗、循环伏安法等方法研究了样品的结构和电化学性能.结果表明:充电截止电压4.6V时样品的充放电性能最佳.在电流200 mAh·g-1时,该样品第1循环和第40循环的放电容量分别为150.2 mAh·g-1、155.0 mAh·g-1;样品的电化学反应受电荷传递阻抗和和Li+扩散的共同控制.     

Structure and electrochemical properties of LiLaxMn2-xO4 cathode material by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method

Powders of spinel LiLaxMn2_xO4 were successfully synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel (UASG) method.The structure and properties of LiLaxMn2_xO4 were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD),Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectros-copy,scanning electronic microscopy (SEM),galvanostatic charge-discharge test,and cyclic voltammetry (CV).XRD results showthat the La3+ can partially replace Mn3+ in the spinel and the doped materials with La3+ have a larger lattice constant compared with pristine LiMn2O4.FT-IR indicates that the absorption peak of Mn3+-O and Mn4+-O bonds has a red and blue shift with the increase of doping lanthanum in LiLaxMn2_xO4,respectively.The charge-discharge test exhibits that the initial discharge capacity of LiLaxMn2_xO4 drops off,and the capacity retention increases gradually at C/5 discharge rate with the increase of doping lanthanum,and LiLa0.01Mn1.99O4 has a higher discharge capacity and a better cycling performance at 1C discharge rate.CV reveals that the dop-ing La3+ is beneficial to the reversible extraction and intercalation of Li+ ions.     

Structure and electrochemical properties of La, F dual-doped LiLa0.01Mn1.99O3.99F0.01 cathode materials

The cathode materials LiMn2O4 and rare earth elements La-doped or La and F dual-doped spinel lithium manganese oxides were synthesized by the citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge-discharge test. XRD data shows that all the samples exhibit the same pure spinel phase, and the LiLa0.01Mn1.99O3.99F0.01 and LiLa0.01Mn1.99O4 samples have smaller lattice parameters and unit cell volume than LiMn2O4. SEM indicates that LiLa0.01Mn1.99O3.99F0.01 has a slightly smaller particle size and a more regular morphology structure with narrow size distribution. The charge-discharge test reveals that the initial capacities of LiMn2O4, LiLa0.01Mn1.99O4, and LiLa0.01Mn1.99O3.99F0.01 are 129.9, 122.8, and 126.4 mAh·g-1, and the capacity losses of the initial values after 50 cycles are 14.5%, 7.6%, and 8.0%, respectively. The CVs show that the La and F dual-doped spinel displays a better reversibility than LiMn2O4.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of Li2Mn0.5Fe0.5SiO4 cathode material with sol-gel method for lithium ion batteries

Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 material was synthesized by a citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. The influence of the stoichiometric ratio value of n（citric acid） to n（Fe2＋-Mn2＋） on the electrochemical properties of Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 was studied. The final sample was identified as Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 with a Pmn21 monoclinic structure by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal phases components and crystal phase structure of the Li2Fe0.5Mn0.4SiO4 material were improved as the increase of the stoichiometric ratio value of n（citric acid） to n（Fe2＋-Mn2＋）. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy verified that the Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 particles are agglomerates of Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 primary particles with a geometric mean diameter of 220 nm. The Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 sample was used as an electrode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries, and the electrochemical measurements were carried out at room temperature. The Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 electrode delivered a first discharge capacity of 230.1 mAh/g at the current density of 10 mA/g in first cycle and about 162 mAh/g after 20 cycles at the current density of 20 mA/g.     

ZnS:Mn量子点荧光法测定铜离子

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂在水介质中直接合成了具有独特光谱性质的掺杂型硫化锌量子点(ZnS:Mn),利用硼氢化钠将牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的二硫键还原,将其修饰于量子点表面制得ZnS:Mn-dBSA量子点,以提高量子点的发光效率和稳定性。在优化实验条件下,Cu2+的加入使ZnS:Mn-dBSA体系的荧光产生强烈猝灭作用,据此建立了测定Cu2+的新方法,其线性范围为4.0×10-6~7.4×10-5mol.L-1,方法检测下限为2.87×10-7mol.L-1,应用于自来水中Cu2+的测定,回收率为93%~107%。