新型缓冲阻尼器设计及其冲击响应特性研究

针对强冲击环境下设备防护问题,提出一种新型缓冲阻尼器。该阻尼器依据环形间隙阻尼系数计算公式,以双出杆阻尼器为改进基础并利用弹性力与阻尼力相位差原理而设计。通过单自由度数学模型计算分析了新型缓冲阻尼结构的冲击响应与自身特性。结果表明,相比于双出杆流体阻尼器,该阻尼器在保证不增加绝对加速度与相对位移幅值的前提下,可有效降低残余响应,被隔离体复位时间缩短48%。在特性分析中,相比双出杆流体阻尼器,新型阻尼器耗能增加了28%,两者阻尼力最大相差470 N。根据正、负双波试验的结果,说明了数值仿真可以较为准确地描述新型缓冲阻尼器在冲击下的响应特性,同时,也验证了该缓冲器具有较好的抗冲减振能力。     

磁流变冲击缓冲系统最优广义宾汉数控制EI北大核心CSCD

在理论和试验分析磁流变缓冲器(magnetorheological shock absorber,MRSA)阻尼力特性的基础上,建立了考虑二次型阻尼特性的单自由度冲击缓冲系统的动力学方程,定义了磁流变冲击缓冲系统的广义宾汉数(generalized Bingham number,GBN)。以软着陆为控制目标,提出了考虑二次型阻尼特性的磁流变冲击缓冲系统的最优广义宾汉数控制策略。推导了负载的加速度、速度和位移公式,分析了磁流变冲击缓冲系统在不同广义宾汉数的响应。仿真分析和试验测试验证了基于二次型阻尼的最优广义宾汉数控制策略在软着陆控制精度上优于基于线性阻尼的最优宾汉数控制策略。     

汽车液压减振器机械阻尼特性试验研究

针对汽车悬架用液压减振器的机械阻尼特性进行了详细的试验研究。研究中对某轿车用双筒液压减振器在正弦位移和随机位移两种加载方式下,在不同的工作温度情况下的阻尼力进行了测试,考察了加载方式、工作温度对减振器阻尼特性的影响,并在此基础上针对液压减振器的阻尼特性评价、非线性特征和动态特性进行了讨论。研究结果对于进行液压减振器的机械动力学和热动力学耦合特性仿真的理论分析,以及建立时变的,非线性的阻尼力仿真分析模型积累了丰富的数据,提供了重要的建模依据。     

平稳随机激励下非黏滞阻尼系统功率谱密度函数的灵敏度分析EI北大核心CSCD

功率谱密度(power spectral density,PSD)函数的灵敏度分析是实现结构系统在随机激励下梯度优化算法的基础。区别于黏性阻尼模型假设阻尼力正比于瞬时速度,非黏滞阻尼模型的阻尼力与质点的时间历程相关,因而能够更准确地描述黏弹性材料的耗能特性。针对卷积型非黏滞阻尼系统PSD函数的灵敏度求解问题,利用虚拟激励法(pseudo-excitation method,PEM)将平稳随机激励下非黏滞阻尼系统的随机响应问题等效转化为确定性的简谐响应问题;利用直接微分法推导出PSD函数的灵敏度表达式;分别引入基于复模态的一阶、二阶近似法和基于实模态的迭代法构建PSD函数的灵敏度算法;通过数值算例比较三种方法的计算精度和效率。结果表明,迭代法更适合大规模非黏滞阻尼系统PSD函数的灵敏度求解。     

非线性迟滞阻尼对隔振系统力传递特性影响

为提高系统隔振性能,研究摩擦阻尼在几何非线性条件下产生的迟滞阻尼(结构阻尼)对力传递特性影响。区别于传统单自由度隔振系统,采用含基础质量影响的两自由度无约束隔振系统模型进行阻尼力特性研究。用平均法求解运动方程,获得系统频率-响应幅值方程,以此导出系统力传递率及力位移传递率表达式。理论结果表明,质量、阻尼与激励频率为影响传递率主要因素。与粘滞阻尼相比,迟滞阻尼隔振效果更好,不仅能降低共振区响应,亦能改善高频区隔振性能。对运动方程进行扫频激励下数值仿真,获得力传递特性数值解。结果显示仿真结果与理论结果吻合良好,几何非线性阻尼隔振系统具有良好隔振性能。     

半主动液压减振器动态特性建模与试验研究

开发了一种具有阻尼切换功能的两级阻尼半主动液压减振器,利用MTS831对其动态特性进行了测试分析。基于流-固耦合有限元方法对该减振器的动态特性进行了建模与分析;计算结果表明,减振器阻尼力试验值与计算值偏差15%,为此验证了模型的正确性;分析了减振器油液的黏度、阻尼孔的直径等参数对减振器性能的影响。该试验方法与建模方法,可用于半主动液压减振器的开发与研究。     

被动变阻尼装置有限元分析、优化设计与试验验证

被动变阻尼装置具有输出可变阻尼力且不需提供能源的特点,其变阻尼性能已被试验验证。装置可提供的最大阻尼力和出力过程与多项设计参数紧密关联,针对这两者的研究对该装置的工程应用具有重要意义。在前期被动变阻尼装置设计和试验的基础上,采用计算流体动力学的方法完成对装置有限元建模和试验验证,并对装置的主要设计参数进行了分析研究、优化设计和性能试验。有限元分析和试验结果表明：简化模型所得滞回曲线结果与试验结果吻合度较好,验证了所建模型和仿真方法的准确性;设计的不同阻尼阀交叉孔型阻尼系数的变化率不同,适用于不同的应用场景;对装置主要参数的组合分析得到相同条件下阻尼出力最大的优化组合,并通过试验验证了优化组合的有效性。所做研究为被动变阻尼装置的进一步开发与应用提供了良好的理论基础和试验依据。     

被动式液压冲击波形发生器动态特性的数学建模与仿真

基于液压节流耗能原理，提出一种被动式液压波形发生器，其设计思想是采用缝隙和小孔节流产生的阻尼来吸收消耗高速运动负载的动能，并对其紧急制动以获得设定的加速度波形；缸体上开设的可调节流孔能方便地实现对缓冲过程阻尼力的调节。通过对波形发生器内部流体动态特性的分析，建立了波形器工作机理的数学模型，其数值仿真结果表明波形发生器具有以下特点：①缓冲制动效果好；②加速度波形调节简单；③适用于动量变化大、无法用主动方式控制冲击波形的场合，尤其适合作为模拟水下爆炸环冲击境的双波冲击试验机加速度负波的产生装置。     

基于新型阻尼结构Stewart隔冲平台特性分析

针对设备在强冲击环境下的防护问题,根据环形间隙阻尼系数计算公式,并以双出杆阻尼结构为基础,提出一种基于新型阻尼结构的Stewart抗冲隔振平台。通过数值仿真对比了,单自由度下新型阻尼结构与传统双出杆阻尼结构的耗能特性,结果表明相比双出杆阻尼结构,两者的最大阻尼力差值随激励频率的增大而增大,新型阻尼器耗能增加了28%。通过Adams与Matlab的联合仿真,对新型阻尼结构Stewart平台和双出杆阻尼结构Stewart平台进行冲击响应计算;在垂直冲击中,两种平台支腿阻尼力最大相差为310 N,新型阻尼结构Stewart平台复位时间相比与双出杆阻尼结构Stewart平台缩短了49.7%;而在倾斜45°冲击中,新型阻尼结构Stewart平台相比于双出杆阻尼结构Stewart平台在y向缩短了26.2%的复位时间,在z向缩短了36.3%。根据正负双波测试的结果,联合仿真计算可以准确地描述Stewart平台在撞击下的响应特性。同时也证明了平台具有更好的抗冲击阻尼能力。     

粘滞流体阻尼器冲击缓冲特性研究

为获得粘滞流体阻尼器冲击缓冲特性,设计并制作一种非牛顿流体粘滞阻尼器样机,而后对其进行了不同高度下的冲击缓冲实验。为从流体力学角度分析阻尼力机理,建立改进幂律模型来描述硅油的粘度特性,并通过对实验数据的拟合获得其中待定参数。采用FLUENT软件并结合动网格技术,对阻尼器流场仿真后获得冲击载荷作用下阻尼力输出特性,将之与实验结果相对比,发现结果基本一致,可用于指导阻尼器初步设计。     

摆式列车倾摆伺服控制系统的研究

摆式列车是专门为提高列车曲线通过能力而设计的新型列车。摆式列车倾摆控制系统 (控制车体的倾摆 )是整个摆式列车成功与否的关键。在对摆式列车倾摆伺服系统特点进行分析的基础上 ,我们设计出一套基于MCS -5 1系列单片机的倾摆控制系统。试验表明 :该系统的控制性能能够满足摆式列车倾摆控制系统实时性和准确性的要求 ,具有较高的可靠性和实用价值。     

Fatigue assessment of tilting bogie frame for Korean tilting train: Analysis and static tests

This study has assessed fatigue strength of bogie frame for Korean tilting train. For evaluation of the loading conditions, multi-body dynamic analyses have been carried out. And, strength analysis has been performed by finite element analyses. From these analyses, stress concentration areas were investigated. A total of 25 strain gauges were placed on these areas and static tests were performed. Based on the fatigue assessment, it was clear that the bogie frame satisfied structural safety.     

Evaluation of structural safety of a tilting bolster

This study has performed the experimental study to assess the structural safety of a bolster frame that is applied to the bogie system of Korean tilting train. In order to achieve this goal, firstly, loading conditions imposed on the bolster frame were investigated. Based on the international standard and dynamic analysis, the loading conditions were derived. In this study, the dynamic load cases that consider the carbody tilting effect were established. The structural safety of the bolster frame was evaluated by static test under these static loads and the fatigue strength was assessed using Goodman diagram. From the assessment, the bolster frame has satisfied the structural safety. In addition, fatigue test was carried out up to 10 × 10⁶ cycles under tilting load condition established in this study. The inspection of fatigue crack using NDT method was conducted at 6 × 10⁶ and 10 × 10⁶ cycle.     

Gradual tilting exposure photo and nano lithography technique

We report a novel tilting exposure photolithography (TEL) technique where gradual pattern displacement is employed to achieve high-resolution features over large areas with reasonable exposure times. A linear array with features of the order of 100 nm has been realized using this technique with standard blue-light LED sources. TEL can be useful in the visible and ultraviolet spectra to create two-dimensional periodic structures. The created structures include the nanometric array of spots and lines. The proposed technique can be used as a writing method where complex features can be generated by moving the sample-holding leading to serpentine nanometric linear arrays.     

Research on a scanner for tilting orthogonal double prisms

The original scanner for tilting orthogonal double prisms is studied to test the tracking performance in intersatellite laser communications. With a reduction ratio of more than 100 times from the change rate of the angle of beam deviation to that of the tilting angle of each prism, the theoretical analysis performed, as well as the verification experiment, indicates that the scanner can meet the requirements of the scanning accuracy superior to 0.5 microrad with the scanning range greater than 500 microrad and can facilitate the mechanical structure design.     

A tilting disc valve — component materials and hydraulic function

The component materials used in fabrication of the Chitra heart valve, their choice and screening are described. Further the haemodynamic performance of this valve, which is under development and an equal sized No. 27 Bjork-Shiley valve prosthesis was compared in a left-heart pulse duplicator under similar conditions of flow rates and pressures. They were tested in both the aortic and mitral positions of the duplicator. Regurgitant volumes and transvalvular pressure gradients were measured over flow rates ranging from 2 to 8 LPM. Flow patterns of the fluid flow across the valves were also photographed. The results indicate that the performance of the indigeneous valve is comparable, if not marginally better, to that of the well-established Bjork-Shiley valve. Transvalvular gradients and regurgitant volumes were marginally lower for the Chitra valve. This is attributed to the improved design of the valve disc shape.     

Maintenance strategy for tilting table of rolling mill based on reliability considerations

Reliability centred maintenance (RCM) is a new strategic framework for ensuring that any asset continues to perform, as its users want it to perform. RCM is a process used to determine the maintenance requirement of any physical asset in its operating context. RCM process entails asking seven questions about each of the selected assets. It makes use of two documents namely, RCM information worksheet and RCM decision worksheet. RCM decision diagram integrates all the decision processes into a single strategic framework. RCM concept developed by US commercial airlines industry has been successfully implemented by Military, Navy, Nuclear power plants, electric power generation and distribution undertakings and several other sectors. These projects have been carried out in the United Kingdom, The Republic of Ireland, the United States, Hong Kong, Australia, Spain and Singapore. The fact that people has enthusiastically received RCM at all levels and has enabled users to achieve some remarkable successes in all of these countries, suggests that it can be universally employed. Literature review indicates that RCM approach is not conventionally applied in process industries in India. Presently, predictive maintenance (PDM) approach along with conventional preventive maintenance is used in continuous/process industries. This approach if implemented in totality will increase the production cost to a large degree and make the production uneconomical. Similarly breakdown maintenance (BDM) approach cannot be applied in such industries as each breakdown involves huge costs. RCM approach is a compromise between PDM and BDM approach for optimising the cost and ensuring the availability of machine.The RCM approach has been applied to the tilting table system of rolling mill for the research work reported in this paper. In the present study, preventive maintenance tasks suggested for power transmission subsystem, guiding and transportation subsystem and hydraulic subsystem in tilting tables are 14 scheduled on-condition tasks, 10 scheduled on-restoration tasks, seven scheduled discard task. Whereas for 14 failure modes no scheduled maintenance has been proposed. Existing maintenance schedule for tilting tables indicates the maintenance action as and when required. Hence RCM based schedule specifies that additional preventive maintenance tasks need to be executed as compared to none initially. Cost incurred for this can be offset from the savings accrued from reduction in loss of production due to repetitive breakdowns. The methodology of RCM adopted in western industries cannot be applied as it is to Indian industries because of labour oriented nature, partially computerised information systems, non-availability of the information about cost of loss of production due to breakdown and age-reliability pattern of equipment, insufficient maintenance database. These problems can be overcome by development of sound MMIS, formulation of RCM review group and imparting suitable training to acquire the relevant skills in RCM. Thus RCM methodology can be applied to Indian industry for reduction of breakdowns as well as optimisation of preventive maintenance cost. This can further boost up the prospects of Indian industry to offer the products at globally competitive prices.     

Effect of stepover and torch tilting angle on a repair process using WAAM

To sustain the transition to a greener economy and greener manufacturing, it is necessary to develop new approaches and technologies to repair metal components; this will result in a drastic reduction in energy and material usage. In this study, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used to deposit a layer of new material on an existing surface, with the objective of finding the optimal configuration that maximized the layer quality and material efficiency. The parameters considered are the stepover among the deposited beads and the inclination of the torch with respect to the repaired surfaces. The inclination angle is crucial when repairing complex surfaces, like those of a mold, owing to accessibility issues, the torch cannot be maintained orthogonal to the surfaces along the entire toolpath. Different configurations were tested in order to assess the quality of the materials in terms of the presence of material voids, depth of penetration, and the heat affected zone (HAZ) and to understand the effects of these variables on the material efficiency and thickness of the repairing layer. It should be noted that by adopting deposition parameters set to have a low heat input, the use of a tilting angle has beneficial effects on the quality of the deposited layer and the process efficiency. Metallurgical and geometrical measurements were carried out to assess the effect of these two variables depositing a layer of plain carbon steel.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00393-2     

A General Algorithm of Rotating/tilting Positioner InverseKinematics for Robotic Arc Welding Off-line Programming

Off-line programming provides an essential link between CAD and CAM, whose development should result in greater use of robotic arc welding. An arc welding system with a robot and a rotating/tilting positioner is a major application area, where manual programming is a very tedious job. Off-line programming is a constructive way to solve the problem. The inverse kinematics algorithm of robot and positioner is the foundation of the off-line programming system. Although previously there were some researchers who studied the positioner inverse kinematics algorithm, they only focused on a special solution of the positioner inverse kinematics, which is the solution at down-hand welding position. However, in welding production, welding position other than down-hand position is also needed. A method for representing welding position was introduced. Then a general algorithm of rotating/tilting positioner inverse kinematics is presented.