糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂与十二烷基硫酸钠复配性能研究

测定了糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂(SGCS)与十二烷基硫酸钠(K_(12))复配体系的稳定性和表面性能。由实验结果可知,在宽的复配范围内不同碳链长度的SGCS与K_(12)均有良好的复配稳定性;C_(14)-SGCS/K_(12)复配体系表现出明显的协同增效作用,当n(C_(14)-SGCS)∶n(K_(12))为3∶5时复配溶液临界胶束浓度(cmc)、cmc时的表面张力(γ_(cmc))和降低表面张力的效率(pc_(20))分别为1.1×10~(-5) mol/L、23.69 mN/m和5.48,均明显优于C_(14)-SGCS和K_(12)自身的表面性能。     

妥尔油酸咪唑啉磺酸盐的合成及性能研究

分别用妥尔油脂肪酸FA1和FA2与羟乙基乙二胺、3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠反应,合成了妥尔油酸咪唑啉磺酸盐TOS-1和TOS-2,测试了物化性能。研究表明,TOS-1的表面张力γ_(cmc)为29.65 mN/m,临界胶束浓度cmc为8.75 mg/L,TOS-2的表面张力γ_(cmc)为29.64 mN/m,临界胶束浓度cmc为23.77 mg/L,TOS-1的临界胶束浓度小于TOS-2,润湿性、乳化性能均优于TOS-2,泡沫低于TOS-2,是一类稳泡性较好的表面活性剂。     

烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐和咪唑啉复配性能研究

研究了烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂(APGHPS)和咪唑啉两性离子表面活性剂(IMD)复配体系的稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能。结果表明:APGHPS和IMD复配体系稳定性好;复配体系表现出良好的协同增效作用,当n(APGHPS)∶n(IMD)=1∶1时,增效作用最为明显,此时临界胶束浓度cmc=8.81×10~(-5)mol/L,最低表面张力γcmc=26.2 m N/m,均低于单一组分;复配体系的泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能都较单一组分表面活性剂有所提高。     

N,N'-双(月桂酰基)乙二胺二丙酸钠的复配性能研究

测定了N,N'-双(月桂酰基)乙二胺二丙酸钠(DLMC)及与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和十二烷基聚氧乙烯(6)醚(AEO6)复配体系的表面张力,计算了DLMC及复配体系的表面化学性能参数;应用正规溶液理论得到复配体系内表面相和胶束相中2种表面活性剂之间的相互作用参数。结果表明,在25℃,0.1 mol·L-1NaBr水溶液中,DLMC的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.01×10-4mol·L-1,cmc下的表面张力(γcmc)为30.3 mN·m-1;DLMC/DTAB复配体系的γcmc,cmc和Amin均比单一组分要低;DLMC/AEO6复配体系的γcmc,cmc和Amin随着DLMC组分的增加先减小后有所增加。复配体系在形成胶束能力、降低表面张力效率及降低表面张力能力方面存在协同增效作用。     

阴阳离子复配体系的表面活性及应用性能

研究了2种具有不同EO加合数的阴离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠[NPSO-n(n=5,8)]与阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)复配体系的表面活性和应用性能、混合吸附层和混合胶束的组成及相互作用参数(βs和βm)。结果表明:复配体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)较单一组分低得多,并随1227摩尔分数的增加而降低,当1227的摩尔分数达0.5时,cmc最低,比单一表面活性剂的cmc低2个数量级;并且混合胶束和混合吸附层中的分子相互作用较强,混合胶束和混合吸附层中阴阳离子表面活性剂的摩尔比接近1∶1;2种复配体系均具有比单一阴离子表面活性剂更好的泡沫、润湿和乳化性能。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠/聚氧乙烯(23)月桂醚复配体系性能的研究

在35℃时通过表面张力法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯(23)月桂醚(Brij35)复配体系在不同配比下的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和降低表面张力效率方面的作用。结果表明:SDBS和Brij35的物质的量比为3∶7时,降低表面张力的效率最高,其CMC为0.2 mmol/L,明显低于单一组分;并在总物质的量浓度一定时,测定了复配体系的稳定性和润湿性。     

AES与AEO_9复配体系表面活性的研究

研究了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)与非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚9(AEO_9)按不同质量比复配所得表面活性剂体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、平衡表面张力(γ)及动态表面张力(DST)。当得到AES-AEO_9复配体系质量比为3∶7时,临界胶束浓度(cmc)最小,为0.10mmol/L,γ_(cmc)为33.62mN/m;质量比为1∶9时动态表面张力最好,此时动态表面张力参数n为1.74,t*为1.32s,表面张力降低速率R_(1/2)为14.30mN/m·s。不同浓度动态表面张力结果表明,随复配体系浓度增加,诱导期节省时间t_i减少,R_(1/2)增加。     

无患子皂苷-十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配体系表面活性及在制备氢氧化镍复合材料中的应用

研究了无患子皂苷与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性,并将其应用于氢氧化镍复合材料的制备中;采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料进行了结构表征,考察了表面活性剂对材料形貌的影响。研究表明,自提无患子皂苷临界胶束浓度(cmc)和对应表面张力(γ_(cmc))分别为0.200 g/L和38.3 mN/m;在复配体系中,当SDBS的质量分数为5%时,两者表现出协同作用,而当SDBS的质量分数增至20%后,则呈现对抗作用;以SDBS质量分数为5%的表面活性剂复配体系作为添加剂,在0.83 g/L时,制备得到直径约为3μm形貌均匀的球状氢氧化镍复合材料。     

一种二聚甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

以十四酸、四甲基乙二胺为主要原料,制备了二聚甜菜碱型表面活性剂双[亚甲基二甲基(十二烷基羧酸钠基次甲基)]溴化铵(BQS - 14),用红外光谱和元素分析对产物结构进行了分析表征,并测试了其表面性能.结果表明,BQS - 14的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.30 mmol·L-1,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力( γcmc)为36.9 mN· m-1;BQS - 14与十二烷基磺酸钠复配产生了协同作用,当物质的量比为1:2时,cmc降为0.12 mmol·L-1,γcmc为31.0 mN·m-1;BQS - 14还具有较好的稳泡性能.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠与十二烷基三甲基氯化铵的复配性能

研究了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9)与十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(1231)复配体系的表面性能、稳定性、泡沫性能和润湿性能.结果表明:复配体系具有很好的稳定性,在形成胶束的能力及降低表面张力的能力方面相对单一组分均有显著提高;当n(AEC-9):n(1231)=1:1时协同增效作用最为明显,其γcmc(27.0 Mn/m)和cmc(0.140 mmol/L)要明显低于单一组分AEC-9(35.5 Mn/m,0.196 mmol/L)和1231(37.0 Mn/m,8.77 mmol/L),起泡力(425 Ml)、稳泡性(0.99)和润湿性(1.2 min)均显著优于单一组分AEC-9(355 Ml,0.89,17.2 min)和1231(365 Ml,0.90,21.0 min).     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。