含能黏合剂PAMMO的间接法合成

以3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO)为单体,按阳离子开环聚合机理,先合成出3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷均聚物(PBrMMO),接着在偶极非质子溶剂中对其进行叠氮化,最终合成出含能黏合剂3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷均聚物(PAMMO)。着重研究了BrMMO聚合过程中催化剂用量和反应体系温度对聚合的影响,确定出BrMMO聚合的最佳条件为:n(BF3.OEt2):n(BDO)=0.50:1.00,0℃下加入单体,通过红外光谱确定出叠氮化反应的完成时间。用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对产品进行了表征。     

2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈α-位溴代反应

用N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)作溴化剂,以2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈为原料,合成了目标化合物2,5-二溴甲基对苯二甲腈。用正交设计实验对影响2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈生成2,5-二溴甲基对苯二甲腈的溴代反应条件进行了考察,最佳反应条件为:n(2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈)∶n(NBS)=1∶2.1,反应温度80℃,2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈浓度0.1 mol/L,反应时间16 h,产率可达31.4%。溴代粗品经反相柱色谱分离〔洗脱液:V(甲醇)∶V(水)=70∶30〕,洗脱组分分别是2-甲基-5-溴甲基对苯二甲腈、2,5-二溴甲基对苯二甲腈、2-甲基-5-(1,1-二溴)甲基对苯二甲腈与2-溴甲基-5-(1,1-二溴)甲基对苯二甲腈。     

含能黏合剂PAMMO的问接法合成

以3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO)为单体,按阳离子开环聚合机理,先合成出3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷均聚物(PBrMMO),接着在偶极非质子溶剂中对其进行叠氮化,最终合成出含能黏合剂3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷均聚物(PAMMO).着重研究了BrMMO聚合过程中催化剂用量和反应体系温度对聚合的影响,确定出BrMMO聚合的最佳条件为:n(BF3OEt2):n(BDO)=0.50:1.00.0℃下加入单体,通过红外光谱确定出叠氮化反应的完成时间.用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对产品进行了表征.     

2-(4-溴甲基苯基)丙酸及其酯的合成

以对甲苯苯乙腈为原料经甲基化、水解和溴代3步反应合成了2-(4-溴甲基苯基)丙酸和以对甲基苯乙酸乙酯为原料经甲基化和溴代两步合成2-(4-溴甲基苯基)丙酸乙酯.重点探讨了甲基化反应的反应时间及不同相转移催化剂聚乙醇(PEG)对反应的影响.实验结果表明,甲基化反应以8 h为宜,对甲基苯乙腈和对甲苯苯乙酸乙酯甲基化反应的最...     

溴化-1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑碱性离子液体的合成研究

以溴乙烷、N-甲基咪唑为原料,研究了溴化-1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑碱性离子液体的合成工艺,考察了反应温度、n(溴乙烷)∶n(N-甲基咪唑)、反应时间、溶剂对反应的影响,确定了较优合成条件,无任何溶剂条件下,反应温度为60 ℃,n(溴乙烷)∶n(N-甲基咪唑)比为1.5,反应时间为8 h.对溴化-1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑碱性...     

2-溴-3-甲基-1,4-二甲氧基萘的合成新方法研究

以2-甲基萘醌(2)为原料,经过催化氢化、甲醚化和溴代三步反应,合成了维生素K2的重要中间体2-溴-3-甲基-1,4-二甲氧基萘(1)。(2)催化加氢还原得到2-甲基-1,4-二羟基萘(3)。(3与硫酸二甲酯反应生成2-甲基-1,4-二甲氧基萘(4),甲醚化反应通过正交实验可使产物收率达到95.1%;(4)与溴反应,经单因素实验在较佳的反应工艺条件下得到目标产物(1),收率90.1%。三步反应总收率达到84.6%。     

4-溴-2-(溴甲基)苯甲醛的合成研究

4-溴-2-(溴甲基)苯甲醛是合成1, 2-二氢酞嗪化合物的重要中间体。以4-溴-2-甲基苯腈为原料,通过溴代、还原得两步反应得到目标化合物4-溴-2-(溴甲基)苯甲醛。确定了溴代反应最佳条件:N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(24.0 mmol)、过氧苯甲酰(4.0 mmol),反应体系在CCl_4中回流反应8 h。还原反应最佳条件:二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H)(12.0 mmol),反应溶剂二氯甲烷,室温反应3 h。两步反应总收率85.4%,产物及中间体结构通过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)进行了表征。     

维帕他韦关键中间体的合成工艺研究

改进了抗丙肝治疗药维帕他韦关键中间体9-溴-3-(2-溴乙酰基)-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[c,g]色烯-8(9H)-酮的合成工艺。以4-溴-3-甲基苯甲酸为起始原料,经取代、环合、溴代得到9-溴-3-(2-溴乙酰基)-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[c,g]色烯-8(9H)-酮(1)。关键中间体1的总收率为35%(以4-溴-3-甲基苯甲酸计),其结构经MS、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR确证。该路线所用原料价廉易得、操作简便、条件温和,为工业化生产奠定了基础。     

2-溴-3-甲基-1,4-二甲氧基萘的合成

以2-甲基萘醌为原料,经过催化氢化、甲醚化和溴化3步反应,合成了维生素K2的重要中间体2-溴-3-甲基-1,4-二甲氧基萘(1)。以钯碳为催化剂加氢还原,得到了2-甲基-1,4-二羟基萘(3),收率98.8%;3在碱性条件下用硫酸二甲酯进行甲氧基保护,生成2-甲基-1,4-二甲氧基萘(4),收率95.1%;4与溴反应可以得到1,收率90.1%。3步反应总收率由传统方法的48.7%提高到84.6%。     

2-(1-甲基-3-吡唑基)-5-溴吡啶的合成研究

2-(1-甲基-3-吡唑基)-5-溴吡啶是一种重要的医药化工中间体。以2,5-二溴吡啶为起始原料,经取代、环合得到中间体5-溴-2-(1H-3-吡唑基)吡啶。进一步与碘甲烷发生取代反应,得到目标产物和副产物2-(2-甲基-3-吡唑基)-5-溴吡啶,结构经MS和1H NMR确认。本文考察了不同的缚酸剂对5-溴-2-(1H-3-吡唑基)吡啶取代反应的影响,确定了反应最佳条件,总收率为53.2%。该合成方法原料简单易得,操作简单,反应时间短且收率较高,适合工业化生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.