可完全降解性生物塑料——聚羟基烷酸的开发研究

微生物产生的次生代谢产物——聚羟基烷酸(PHA),是目前世界科技界公认的最理想的一种可完全降解的生物塑料新型材料。它在消除“白色污染”,保护人类有限的生存环境方面,有其独特的功能。因此,自80年代起,这一材料的开发研究就受到世界科技界的重视。目前困扰这一研究产业化的关键,是生产成本过高,据最新报导,每公斤产品成本达16美元,难以与化学合成塑料相竞争。因此,该课题研究的主要任务是采用现代生物技术,提高微生物培养的生物量和PHA在生物细胞内的含量,并     

生物高分子材料聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)开发现状及产业化前景分析

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)是一种具有高分子基本性质的可热塑加工成型的生物聚酯。本文综述了PHA的产业化情况以及在生物燃料、精细化工、医药营养、微生物抗逆等领域的应用和产业研究进展,并分析其产业价值链。     

上海宝钢在成都将建西部首条钢制两片式易拉罐

聚羟基脂肪酸脂（PHA），是很多微生物合成的一种细胞内聚酯，是一种天然的高分子生物材料，具有良好的生物相容性能、生物可降解性和塑料的热加工性能，PHA还具有非线性光学性、压电性、气体相隔性、水解稳定性、紫外稳定性等很高附加值性能，使其在包装材料等领域得到应用，是一种性能良好的环保生物塑料，并且PHA的生产是一种低能耗和低二氧化碳配方的生产，对环境是很好有利的。其中第三代PHA是由清华大学及其合作企业实现了首次大规模生产。近几年，我国在这方面研究取得了长足的进展，掌握了一些具有自主知识产权的菌种和后期工艺，为PHA作为我国有自主知识产权的生物材料今后的产业化打下了良好的基础。     

韩国将生产100%海水降解塑料

正CJ第一制糖宣布将进入"White Bio"业务。白色生物产业是从植物等生物资源中生产工业材料或生物燃料等材料的行业,作为替代石化材料的环保型业务领域,其重要性正在迅速提高。CJ第一制糖使用100%海洋可生物降解的环保塑料材料PHA(聚羟基脂肪酸酯)作为其白色生物业务的旗舰产品。CJ第一制糖正计划在其印度尼西亚Pasuruan的生物工厂中建设PHA生产线,该生产线到2021年的年产能将达到5000吨。尽管CJ第一制糖尚未开始全面生产PHA,     

聚乳酸的阻隔性能改性研究进展

包装材料呈现出多元化发展的同时,产生了大量不可回收、不可降解的塑料垃圾,对生态环境造成了严重危害。聚乳酸（PLA）是一种完全可生物降解的新型高分子材料,其力学性能、生物相容性、可降解性能良好,已成为包装材料研究和应用的热点。但传统PLA的阻隔性能无法满足应用要求,限制了其使用范围。通过提高结晶度与改善晶体形态、聚合物共混、纳米颗粒共混对PLA的阻隔性能进行改性,推动其在各行各业的转化应用。随着改性加工技术的发展,PLA将会在医学材料、包装材料、建筑材料、生活用品等领域得到广泛应用。     

生物降解塑料市场的发展概述

生物降解塑料是指在自然环境下通过微生物的生命活动能很快降解的高分子材料。按其降解特性可分为完全生物降解塑料和生物破坏性塑料。按其来源则可分为天然高分子材料、微生物合成材料、化学合成材料、掺混型材料等。从上世纪90年代开始发展的生物降解塑料产业,目前正成为塑料工业缓解石油资源矛盾和治理环境污染的有效途径之一,市场前景十分广阔。对于我国这样一个塑料制品生产和消费大国,生物降解塑料的研发、生产与应用对塑料产业的可持续发展具有更加重要的意义。     

PHA及其复合材料在组织工程中的研究进展

聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA)是一类具有良好生物相容性的生物材料.但由于这类材料具有很强的疏水性,以及降解产物可能导致无菌性炎症的发生等缺点,限制了其在组织工程中的应用.介绍了近几年来PHA的研究进展,改性方法包括复合、共聚以及氧等离子体改性.这些方法不同程度地提高了材料的性能.     

食品包装材料生态化发展下的非石油基降解塑料

目前常用的非石油基降解塑料可分为全淀粉型、化学(人工)合成型和天然高分子(以淀粉为主)与合成高分子共混型3种类型。淀粉基生物降解塑料能完全生物降解,制成的薄膜具有良好的透明度、柔韧性、抗张强度,不溶于水,无毒,故市场占有率高,被广泛应用于食品包装、食品容器和一次性餐饮具等;聚乳酸生物降解塑料力学性能与聚丙烯相似,并具有与聚苯乙烯相似的光泽度、清晰度和加工性,同时具有无毒、无刺激性、强度高、易加工成型和优良的生物相容性等特点,是一种能够真正实现生态和经济双重效益的、发展速度最快的生物降解塑料;聚丁二酸丁二醇酯生物降解塑料综合性能优良,性价比合理,故在食品包装、一次性餐具、药品包装瓶、生物医用高分子材料以及汽车零部件等领域均具有良好的应用前景。非石油基降解塑料作为包装材料是必然趋势,其得到广泛应用的关键在于提高材料的改性技术与控制成本,同时须保证其对人体无毒无害,强调个性化,并注重提高市场接受度。     

生物塑料-聚羟基脂肪酸酯PHA发展近况

未来的数年将是生物聚酯等生物塑料大力发展的黄金时代,我国在有关聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)的研究领域和产业化方面不落后于国际的前沿,如果能不失时机的继续支持PHA等生物聚酯产业的发展,必将能在PHA领域保持我们的国际领先优势,形成一个PHA的产业链。     

生物降解塑料市场发展报告(一)

<正> 生物降解塑料是指在自然环境下通过微生物的生命活动能很快降解的高分子材料。按其降解特性可分为完全生物降解塑料和生物破坏性塑料。按其来源则可分为天然高分子材料、微生物合成材料、化学合成材料、掺混型材料等。从上世纪90年代开始发展的生物降解塑料产业,目前正成为塑料工业缓解石油资源矛盾和治理环境污染的有效途径之一,市场前景十分广阔。对于我国这样一个塑料制     

微生物聚羟基脂肪酸酯的应用新进展

生物制造产业系包括生物燃料、生物材料和生物化学品的产业,近来也称为"白色生物技术"。由于国内外对有关不依赖于石油原料、环保以及二氧化碳减排和可再生资源的利用等产业的重视,生物制造产业得到了快速发展的机会。聚羟基脂肪酸酯(简称PHA)拥有优良的生物可降解性、生物相容性和光学性能,是当今生物制造的重点之一。经过数十年的努力,PHA已经成长为一个包括工业发酵、环保材料、生物燃料和医用植入材料等的产业链。综述了聚羟基脂肪酸酯的应用新进展及国内发展现状。     

可降解包装材料聚羟基烷酸酯合成工艺及影响因素的研究进展

目的综述可降解包装材料聚羟基烷酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates,简称PHAs或PHA)的主要合成工艺、影响PHA产率的因素及其在包装工业领域上的应用研究进展。方法通过对国内外的研究现状和研究成果进行分析总结,介绍PHA的主要合成工艺,微生物法合成PHA产量的影响因素及PHA在包装方面的应用。结果 PHA合成工艺、碳源种类和浓度、氮磷源浓度、pH值、溶解氧浓度和温度对合成PHA的产量有很大影响,其中碳源种类不同还会使形成PHA的单体及单体在PHA中的比例不同,形成具有不同性质的PHA。PHA因其性能的多样性而广泛应用于包装领域。结论优化PHA的合成工艺及影响因素,能有效提高PHA产量或降低PHA生产成本。目前,以真实废弃物为底物的活性污泥系统生产PHA的研究还不够深入,由于PHA作为可降解的包装材料在包装领域具有显著的发展前景,因此,优化PHA合成工艺和影响因素是今后值得关注的重点方向。     

Ultra thin nickel transparent electrodes

Transparent electrodes made of ultra thin metals have recently been demonstrated with performances comparable to those offered by transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which are traditionally used in applications such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting devices, photodetectors and electro-optical modulators. In this work we report highly uniform, optically transparent and electrically conductive nickel films. Their good performance, combined with low cost and simplicity in processing, make ultra thin Ni films highly competitive, even with respect to the latest developments in TCO technology. Nickel films can be easily incorporated into an industrial process flow and could therefore be an attractive alternative to TCOs in many industrial applications.     

一种基于机器视觉的平面加工机床控制系统的设计

针对服装、包装等加工行业中须将人工测量的纸质图纸或模型样件的尺寸信息录入计算机并转换成电子加工图纸而导致的加工周期长、生产效率低的问题,提出了一种基于机器视觉的平面加工机床控制系统,以实现对纸质图纸或模型样件的快速检测。采用“ARM+DSP”方式搭建了主从式运动控制系统,设计了系统各部分功能模块。构建了“工控机+工业CCD （charge coupled device,电荷耦合器件）相机+光源控制”的视觉检测系统,结合FAWS（feature adaptive wavelet shrinkage, 自适应特征的小波收缩）算法和麻雀搜索算法提出一种改进的FAWS算法进行图像降噪,并采用Canny算法进行图像边缘检测,实现图像轮廓的准确提取。设计了图像轮廓提取、轮廓数据转换为加工数据、数据通信等处理程序,实现了基于机器视觉的快速检测以及在系统加工过程中的人机交互。最后,对系统进行了实验测试,对实际加工效果进行了评价。结果表明,采用所研制的平面加工机床控制系统不仅能显著提高生产效率,而且能减小图像轮廓的误差。其性能稳定可靠,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

Ultrafiltration using polyaramide membranes — a new dimension in environmental technology

Crossflow filtration in the ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) range with membranes made from high performance polymers (polysulfones, polyaramides etc.) is gaining relevance in many industrial applications. Membrane technologies allow not only cost and energy efficient removal of contaminants but also provide possibilities to recover valuable products from waste water streams.     

An Overview of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Green Chemical Engineering

Given the current global energy and environmental issues resulting from the fast pace of industrialization, the discovery of new functional materials has become increasingly imperative in order to advance science and technology and address the associated challenges. The boom in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived materials in recent years has stimulated profound interest in exploring their structures and applications. The preparation, characterization, and processing of MOF materials are the basis of their full engagement in industrial implementation. With intensive research in these topics, it is time to promote the practical utilization of MOFs on an industrial scale, such as for green chemical engineering, by taking advantage of their superior functions. Many famous MOFs have already demonstrated superiority over traditional materials in solving real-world problems. This review starts with the basic concept of MOF chemistry and ends with a discussion of the industrial production and exploitation of MOFs in several fields. Its goal is to provide a general scope of application to inspire MOF researchers to convert their focus on academic research to one on practical applications. After the obstacles of cost, scale-up preparation, processability, and stability have been overcome, MOFs and MOF-based devices will gradually enter the factory, become a part of our daily lives, and help to create a future based on green production and green living.     

Metallic Nanowire‐Based Transparent Electrodes for Next Generation Flexible Devices: a Review

Transparent electrodes attract intense attention in many technological fields, including optoelectronic devices, transparent film heaters and electromagnetic applications. New generation transparent electrodes are expected to have three main physical properties: high electrical conductivity, high transparency and mechanical flexibility. The most efficient and widely used transparent conducting material is currently indium tin oxide (ITO). However the scarcity of indium associated with ITO's lack of flexibility and the relatively high manufacturing costs have a prompted search into alternative materials. With their outstanding physical properties, metallic nanowire (MNW)‐based percolating networks appear to be one of the most promising alternatives to ITO. They also have several other advantages, such as solution‐based processing, and are compatible with large area deposition techniques. Estimations of cost of the technology are lower, in particular thanks to the small quantities of nanomaterials needed to reach industrial performance criteria. The present review investigates recent progress on the main applications reported for MNW networks of any sort (silver, copper, gold, core‐shell nanowires) and points out some of the most impressive outcomes. Insights into processing MNW into high‐performance transparent conducting thin films are also discussed according to each specific application. Finally, strategies for improving both their stability and integration into real devices are presented.     

OTS Scheme Based Secure Architecture for Energy-Efficient IoT in Edge Infrastructure

For the past few decades, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been one of the main pillars wielding significant impact on various advanced industrial applications, including smart energy, smart manufacturing, and others. These applications are related to industrial plants, automation, and e-healthcare fields. IoT applications have several issues related to developing, planning, and managing the system. Therefore, IoT is transforming into G-IoT (Green Internet of Things), which realizes energy efficiency. It provides high power efficiency, enhances communication and networking. Nonetheless, this paradigm did not resolve all smart applications’ challenges in edge infrastructure, such as communication bandwidth, centralization, security, and privacy. In this paper, we propose the OTS Scheme based Secure Architecture for Energy-Efficient IoT in Edge Infrastructure to resolve these challenges. An OTS-based Blockchain-enabled distributed network is used at the fog layer for security and privacy. We evaluated our proposed architecture’s performance quantitatively as well as security and privacy. We conducted a comparative analysis with existing studies with different measures, including computing cost time and communication cost. As a result of the evaluation, our proposed architecture showed better performance.     

Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Five Core Technologies for Their Commercialization

The past two decades of vigorous interdisciplinary approaches has seen tremendous breakthroughs in both scientific and technological developments of bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nanocomposites of π‐conjugated organic semiconductors. Because of their unique functionalities, the OSC field is expected to enable innovative photovoltaic applications that can be difficult to achieve using traditional inorganic solar cells: OSCs are printable, portable, wearable, disposable, biocompatible, and attachable to curved surfaces. The ultimate objective of this field is to develop cost‐effective, stable, and high‐performance photovoltaic modules fabricated on large‐area flexible plastic substrates via high‐volume/throughput roll‐to‐roll printing processing and thus achieve the practical implementation of OSCs. Recently, intensive research efforts into the development of organic materials, processing techniques, interface engineering, and device architectures have led to a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiencies, exceeding 11%, which has finally brought OSCs close to commercialization. Current research interests are expanding from academic to industrial viewpoints to improve device stability and compatibility with large‐scale printing processes, which must be addressed to realize viable applications. Here, both academic and industrial issues are reviewed by highlighting historically monumental research results and recent state‐of‐the‐art progress in OSCs. Moreover, perspectives on five core technologies that affect the realization of the practical use of OSCs are presented, including device efficiency, device stability, flexible and transparent electrodes, module designs, and printing techniques.     

聚羟基脂肪酸酯的合成和应用

介绍了聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)的合成方法,重点讨论了微生物合成法的菌种、碳源、分离提取及降低PHA生产成本的方法,叙述了作为PHA中的一种-PHB的性能及其改性研究,并论述了PHA在生物医学、农业、电子、食品包装等领域的应用。