螺旋锥齿轮的齿面接触

螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触精度是影响螺旋锥齿轮副啮合质量最重要的质量环节。因此。螺旋锥齿轮的齿形设计、计算和加工的质量和精度对螺旋锥齿轮副起至关重要的作用。本文将从螺旋锥齿轮的切齿原理、计算理论基础、齿面接触修正等方面一一分析。     

螺旋锥齿轮的接触区及切齿机床的选用问题

螺旋锥齿轮副的接触区和齿面接触分析运动曲线是螺旋锥齿轮副重要的质量指标,影响螺旋锥齿轮的强度、寿命和啮合噪声。如何选用切齿机床和大、小轮的切齿方法以获得理想的接触区和齿面接触分析运动曲线是值得我们螺旋锥齿轮制造者关注的问题。     

弧齿锥齿轮双重螺旋法切齿原理及齿面接触分析研究

弧齿锥齿轮双重螺旋法具有高效、可实现干切削的特点,是Gleason制弧齿锥齿轮的先进加工方法。为揭示双重螺旋法的切齿原理,以大轮成形法加工的弧齿锥齿轮双重螺旋法为研究对象,以啮合原理和微分几何学为基础,根据刀盘、机床、工件之间的运动位置关系,利用矢量法、基于齿面3个参考点建立切齿数学模型,推导机床调整参数的计算过程;然后,以齿槽中点作为参考点,修正弧齿锥齿轮副的齿坯几何参数;另外,以小轮产形面方程代替其共轭齿面方程,提出新的齿面失配设计新方法,与传统方法相比简化计算过程。以一对7×43的准双曲面齿轮副为例进行设计计算和切齿加工,齿面接触分析与滚动检查结果验证所提出的双重螺旋法切齿原理的正确性,并根据该切齿原理开发弧齿锥齿轮双重螺旋法的设计软件,为该方法在国内的推广提供理论基础与技术支撑。     

相对位置误差对双重螺旋法加工齿轮副接触性能的影响

为预控双重螺旋法加工螺旋锥齿轮的啮合性能,研究了相对位置误差对双重螺旋法加工齿轮副接触性能的影响。根据螺旋锥齿轮副啮合接触原理,通过数值计算得到齿面离散啮合点分布位置,采用有限元法对不同相对位置误差条件下的齿轮副进行齿面啮合加载接触分析,得到了在不同相对位置误差条件下齿轮副传动误差、接触区位置及形状、法向接触力。结果表明,螺旋锥齿轮的传动误差和法向接触力均对小轮安装距误差较为敏感。通过滚检实验得到了齿面接触区位置和接触压力,验证了有限元分析结果。     

螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面及差曲面的建立与分析

针对六轴五联动螺旋锥齿轮磨床结构,应用多体系统理论、齿轮啮合理论,建立了含几何误差、热误差的螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面与差曲面模型并进行了实验验证,仿真分析了砂轮分别沿X轴、Y轴平移时和绕C轴旋转时,螺旋锥齿轮理论齿面与误差齿面以及它们的差曲面。结果表明,砂轮绕C轴旋转所产生的运动副误差对齿面误差影响较大。研究结果对提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度和进行误差补偿提供了理论依据。        

螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面及差曲面的建立与分析

针对六轴五联动螺旋锥齿轮磨床结构,应用多体系统理论、齿轮啮合理论,建立了含几何误差、热误差的螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面与差曲面模型并进行了实验验证,仿真分析了砂轮分别沿X轴、Y轴平移时和绕C轴旋转时,螺旋锥齿轮理论齿面与误差齿面以及它们的差曲面.结果表明,砂轮绕C轴旋转所产生的运动副误差对齿面误差影响较大.研究结果对提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度和进行误差补偿提供了理论依据.     

螺旋锥齿轮批量加工通配方法的研究

分析了螺旋锥齿轮通配中存在的关键理论和技术问题,利用齿轮设计分析软件对基本加工参数进行设计计算和齿面接触TCA分析,利用CNC齿轮测量中心对加工后的齿轮进行齿面误差测量并进行反调和修正.通过切齿试验结果表明:经过测量和反调,所加工的齿轮与标准理论齿轮基本一致,滚检后的接触区与理论仿真接触区也基本吻合,齿轮副可以进行互换,为螺旋锥齿轮批量加工的通配问题提供了一种解决途径.     

基于加载接触分析的航空螺旋锥齿轮油雾润滑性能分析

航空动力机匣内的润滑油在高速旋转的螺旋锥齿轮带动下,有一部分润滑油将被激荡成油雾状态,螺旋锥齿轮处于复杂的油气二相混合状态下工作。在螺旋锥齿轮加载接触分析基础上,以弹流润滑理论以及二相流体润滑理论作为理论基础,推导油气混和状态下润滑油黏度和密度特性方程,通过数值计算方法,研究润滑油不同含气率下螺旋锥齿轮轮齿表面油膜厚度及压力分布。结果表明,含气率控制在一定范围内增加,可以有效增加油膜厚度,减小压力峰值,从而提高螺旋锥齿轮的接触性能和寿命。     

螺旋锥齿轮螺旋变性半展成法数控加工研究

螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的形状、大小和位置,对齿轮的平稳运转、使用寿命和噪声具有直接影响。针对齿轮副接触情况,利用数控铣齿机调整的灵活性,将螺旋运动应用于螺旋锥齿轮的小轮加工过程,在啮合原理和产形轮原理的基础上,提出了螺旋变性半展成法,研究了螺旋变性半展成法的加工原理和切齿方法,建立了螺旋锥齿轮副的切齿模型和数字化加工模型,给出了机床调整关系式。齿面接触分析(TCA)结果表明:使用螺旋变性半展成法加工螺旋锥齿轮副可以从本质上避免接触区呈对角接触的现象,降低了调整修正过程的复杂程度。     

摆线齿锥齿轮加工调整计算及程序开发

基于螺旋锥齿轮传动的啮合理论,阐述了摆线齿锥齿轮切齿原理及机床加工调整参数的计算,运用VB开发了摆线齿锥齿轮的几何参数计算和加工调整参数计算程序模块。其操作简便,计算速度快,对摆线齿锥齿轮的设计和加工具有一定的现实意义。     

滚动轴承寿命计算中当量动载荷的确定

滚动轴承的寿命是衡量滚动轴承承载能力的重要指标。滚动轴承寿命计算的核心问题是当量动载荷的计算,而对不同类型的轴承当量动载荷计算的方法也不同。介绍了滚动轴承当量动载荷计算的一般过程和难点。     

Elastohydrodynamic and micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication is the dominant mode of lubrication in many critical, highly stressed machine elements such as gears, rolling bearings, cams and followers. It also governs the effective operation of many highly deformable or ‘soft’ bearing systems such as elastomeric bearings, seals and synovial joints. The major developments in the understanding of this exciting mode of fluid film lubrication during the latter half of the twentieth century is reviewed and attention is drawn to continuing topics of investigation.     

基于热网络法的行星减速器温度场研究

通过对行星减速器中的齿轮、轴承等摩擦副的生热分析以及对减速箱整体的传热分析,借助热网络法,获得行星减速器工作过程中的温度场数据.分析热源与各节点热量的产生和传递关系,确定减速器中的最高温度及其所在位置,探索实际工作过程中由于温度上升、热栽荷集中而导致齿轮齿面、轴承中滚动体和滚道表面胶合的原因,揭示其发热机理,预测系统的...     

A New Roughness Parameter Including Hardness and Contact Frequency Effects on Lubricated Rolling/Sliding Wear

Surface roughness, roughness arrangement, film thickness, material hardness, and run-in process have significant effects on the lubricated rolling/sliding wear of mechanical components such as gears and bearings. In conventional analysis, a film thickness parameter is calculated by a geometric approach to study the wear resistance of a contact system without considering the effects of material hardness and run-in process. Although the conventional parameter is simple, it does not correlate with some experimental observations. In this work, a new roughness parameter is developed for the prediction of lubricated rolling/sliding wear. Surface roughness will be adjusted by its hardness and contact frequency. The calculation results are consistent with four groups of experimental data. It is proved that the conventional models can be derived as a special case of the new model when two contact surfaces have the same properties. The new model can be used in the optimal design and manufacturing of mechanical interfaces to reduce lubricated rolling/sliding wear.     

Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Rolling-Contact Surfaces

An X-ray technique is described for the measurement of the thickness and shape of thin oil films (from 5 to 50 millionths of an inch thick) formed between the rolling and rolling-sliding surfaces of hardened steel rollers as in rolling bearings and gears. The film thickness with white mineral oil, diester-base, and silicone lubricants was found to vary with temperature (viscosity), speed, and load in much the same way as expected from elasto-hydrodynamic considerations. The shape of the elastically flattened contact regions on the rollers appeared to change with rolling speed in such a way as to explain why ball bearings and gears have longer fatigue life (in revolutions) at high speed than at low speed.

The experimental results are compared with lubrication theory in which the elastic deflections of the bearing surfaces are combined with the viscous flow of the lubricant under pressure. Although there is general agreement between theory and experiment, possible modifications to the theory to account for the increasing discrepancy with experiment at high speed, load, and viscosity are discussed.     

Gearbox power loss. Part I: Losses in rolling bearings

This work is devoted to the analysis, modeling and validation of gearbox power loss, considering the influence of the gears, rolling bearings and seals, the influence of the operating conditions, lubricant formulation and the lubrication method.The first part of this work a rolling bearing torque loss model is calibrated for several wind turbine gear oils and for ball and roller contacts. The results achieved clarify the importance of a rolling bearing in a gearbox power loss.In the second part of this work will be presented the same approach for gears. The final part will converge in the application of findings in two full gearboxes, a planetary and a parallel axis gearbox, both in multiplying configuration.     

滚动轴承可靠性与寿命预测模型

从分析流动轴承的可靠性与寿命之间的关系出发,提出了在不同的可靠度范围内,采用不同的寿命计算方法。作者编制了寿命计算的软件系统以方便寿命预测。     

Investigation of abrasive wear in a pair of elements of rolling friction

A physical and mathematical model of abrasive wear of heavily loaded rolling and sliding elements such as gears and rolling bearings is developed on the basis of a previously proposed fatigue theory. The various mechanisms of wear, their controlling factors and the criteria for the transition from one type to another are discussed. Comparison of the theoretical results is made with experimental results and experimental results from the literature.     

Simulating gear and bearing interactions in the presence of faults: Part II: Simulation of the vibrations produced by extended bearing faults

This paper presents a combined dynamic model for gears and bearings, in which an extended fault in the inner/outer race of rolling element bearings can be studied in the presence of gear interaction. A combined gear/bearing model has been made to obtain a better understanding of the interaction of the two components. The essentials of the gear/bearing model and the results of simulating the vibration of localized faults in rolling element bearings in a gearbox environment have been discussed and illustrated in the first part of this paper (part I). The simulation model has now been modified to model extended faults of the type that do not necessarily produce high frequency impact responses, but do modulate the gearmesh signals. The paper compares the simulated and actual signals from the gear/bearing test rig for inner and outer race extended faults, and in particular demonstrates that they react similarly to existing diagnostic techniques.     

滚动轴承扩展寿命计算方法及影响因素研究

介绍了滚动轴承寿命计算方法及其特点,根据ISO281:2007详细描述了滚动轴承寿命修正系数的计算方法,并结合算例对影响轴承寿命的主要因素进行了分析.