60Co-γ射线对百合鳞片辐射效应的研究

[目的]探讨<'60>Co-γ射线对白狐狸、西伯利亚和索蚌3个百合品种的无菌鳞片再生不定芽及当代植株的影响,为进一步育种工作提供参考依据.[方法]用不同剂量的<'60>Co-γ射线对白狐狸、西伯利亚和索蚌3个百合品种的无菌鳞片进行辐射,并观察辐射对其再生不定芽及当代植株的影响.[结果]随着辐射剂量的提高,百合不定芽再生频率、死亡率、平均不定芽数都趋于降低;白狐狸、索蚌、西伯利亚的鳞片适宜辐射剂量分别为6.0、4.0,6.0 Gy;3个百合品种对<'60>Co-γ射线敏感性由强到弱依次为:索蚌>白狐狸>西伯利亚;试验中获得花粉败育植株.[结论]<'60>Co-γ射线辐射对百合体细胞的伤害巨大,辐射时要注意辐射剂量的选择.     

宜昌百合水浸液对圆叶牵牛抗氧化系统的影响

[目的]研究宜昌百合(Lilium leucanthum)水浸液对圆叶牵牛(Pharbitis purpurea)抗氧化系统的影响.[方法]采用培养皿滤纸法,测定了宜昌百合组培愈伤组织、鳞茎、全株的水浸液对圆叶牵牛种子发芽率、根的生长和抗氧化系统的影响.[结果]宜昌百合水浸提液显著抑制了圆叶牵牛种子萌发和根的生长.经宜昌百合水浸液处理24、48 h后,圆叶牵牛根尖MDA 含量、SOD 活性和POD 活性均高于对照,提示宜昌百合水浸提液干扰了圆叶牵牛的抗氧化系统.[结论] 该研究可为利用生态学原理控制杂草,同时合理利用和配置园林植物提供依据.     

活性炭和多效唑对垂花百合试管鳞茎膨大的影响

[目的]探索活性炭(AC)及多效唑(PP333)的适宜浓度,以提高垂花百合试管苗移栽成活率.[方法]以垂花百合试管苗为外植体,研究不同浓度AC(0.3、0.5、1.0、2.0 g/L)及PP333(5、10、20、40 mg/L)处理对垂花百合试管鳞茎膨大的影响.[结果]一定浓度范围的AC及PP333对试管鳞茎的膨大有显著作用,随着AC及即PP333浓度的升高,试管鳞茎直径及鲜重均呈现先增加后减少趋势,说明AC及PP333的浓度既不宜过高也不宜过低.[结论]AC浓度为0.5 mg/L时,试管鳞茎增大效果最显著,鲜茎直径达10.01 mm,鳞茎鲜重达403.9 mg;PP333浓度为10 mg/L时,试管鳞茎增大效果最显著,鳞茎增大2.47倍,鳞茎鲜重达到最大值333.3 mg.     

小麦-黑麦易位系的细胞学和SSR检测

[目的]对从小麦-黑麦代换系5R/5A与6R/6A杂交后代中选育的高代材料07-4进行鉴定.[方法]利用形态学、细胞学以及SSR标记技术进行综合分析.[结果]品系07-4农艺性状较好,有大穗、多小穗的优良特性;其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)染色体构型为2n=21 Ⅱ.它与中国春小麦的杂种F1的PMC MI绝大多数细胞中形成21个二价体,且有四价体出现.SSR引物SCM268能在07-4品系中稳定地扩增出黑麦特异片段.[结论]综合形态学、细胞学和SSR分析结果初步确定,品系07-4是一个小麦-黑麦易位系.     

洋葱过氧化物酶活性测定及性质分析

[目的]寻找过氧化物酶含量丰富且活性高而稳定的植物原料.[方法]从洋葱中分离、纯化过氧化物酶并测定其活性,同时对其酶学性质进行鉴定并研究NaHSO、、抗坏血酸和EDTA对酶活性的影响.[结果]洋葱过氧化物酶在20～60 s内反应速度恒定,证明酶有活性;所提过氧化物酶的最适反应pH值为6.5,最适反应温度为60℃,温度高于100℃时,过氧化物酶基本失活;抗坏血酸和NaHSO3对过氧化物酶活性有抑制作用,且随NaHSO、浓度增加,其对酶活性的抑制作用增强;EDTA对酶活性的抑制作用不明显.[结论]该研究为过氧化物酶加工工业的进一步发展提供了借鉴.随着NaHSO3浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐加强;EDTA的抑制效果最不明显.     

内蒙古地区罗布麻POD同工酶分析

[目的]时内蒙古不同地区罗布麻POD同工酶谱进行比较分析,为该地区罗布麻的育种利用及亲缘关系的鉴定分析提供依据.[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,研究了内蒙古通辽、巴彦淖尔、包头3个地区罗布麻子叶期叶、茎、根的POD同工酶酶谱特征.[结果]内蒙古3个地区罗布麻苗期叶、茎、根POD同工酶酶带的位置、数目和强弱均存在一定的差异.3个地区罗布麻叶、茎、根POD同工酶酶谱共有44条带,可明显划分为1和2区,其中强带集中在2区,占总强带的79%;而中强带和弱带主要集中在l区,分别占中强带和弱带总数的75%.[结论]内蒙古3个地区罗布麻遗传多样性比较丰富.     

甘蓝型油菜与野生芥菜型油菜杂交子代的遗传分析

[目的]分析甘蓝型油菜与野生芥菜型油菜杂交子代的性状遗传.[方法]选用1个甘蓝型油菜种(湘油15号,编号138)与2个野生芥菜型油菜品系(编号153和154)作为试材,进行正反杂交并获得了杂交种子.对杂种F1、F2代的发芽率、叶片大小及形状、株高、花粉育性、籽粒颜色等性状进行了分析.[结果]芥甘杂交较易获得杂交种子,F1代种子发芽率、成苗率及花粉育性均相对较高,平均株高低于双亲;而甘芥杂交较难获得杂种,且F1代自交亲和性差,结实率低,平均株高介于双亲之间;不论正反交,F1代营养生长优势和叶形母本效应明显,F2代株高出现明显分离,呈正态分布,未获得黄籽品系.[结论]为将甘芥杂交子代进一步应用于油菜遗传育种与品质改良提供了理论依据.     

锰胁迫对大豆幼苗POD活性及其同工酶的影响

[目的]在分子水平上探讨不同品种大豆在锰毒害下的一些遗传特性和基因差异的本质原因.[方法]研究不同锰浓度(0～120.0mg/L)对大豆幼苗水栽培,苗龄10 d的根系、茎部以及叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响以及其同工酶谱的变化.[结果]随锰浓度的提高,大豆幼苗的根系、茎部以及叶片的POD活性均表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势.不同器官POD同工酶酶谱对锰胁迫的反应存在一定差异,其中根系同工酶的酶带数和活性变化较大,茎部与叶片的同工酶的酶带数和活性较稳定.[结论]大豆幼苗不同器官的同工酶酶谱的变化与其对锰胁迫的抗性有关.     

野生乳头百合组织培养及快速繁殖研究

[目的]筛选野生乳头百合组织培养最适宜的培养基.[方法]以野生乳头百合的鳞片、株芽、茎段和叶片为外植体进行组织培养.采用的基本培养基为:MS、B5和White,各培养基均附加0.03 mg/L NAA.分化培齐基设置4种配方:MS+2.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.20mg/L NAA、MS+0.20 mg/L 6-BA+1.00mg/L IAA、MS+0.10 mg/L KT+0.10 mg/L NAA、MS+0.03mg/L NAA.继代增殖培养基设6种配方:MS+0.03 mg/L NAA、MS+2.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.20 mg/L NAA、MS+0.20 mg/L 6-BA+1.00 mg/L IAA、MS+0.10 mg/L KT、MS+0.20 mg/L KT+0.20 mg/L NAA、MS+0.10mg/L KT十0.15 mg/L NAA.生根培养基设置4种配方:MS+1.00 mg/L IBA、MS+1.00mg/L IBA+0.20mg/L 6-BA、1/2MS+1.00mg/L IBA+0.20mg/L 6-BA、White+1.00mg/L IBA+0.20mg/L 6-BA.[结果]MS最适基本培养基;鳞片在MS+0.03 mg/LNAA上分化效果最好;株芽和叶片在MS+2.00 mg/L6-BA+0.20 mg/LNAA中分化效果最好;茎段在MS+0.20 mg/L IAA从中培养效果最好;最适的继代增殖培养基为MS+0.10 mg/LKT+0.15 mg/LNAA;无根子球和小苗在1/2MS+0.20mg/L6-BA+1.00 mg/L IBA上易生根.在大田栽培中,以鳞片和株芽为外植体的组培苗生长状况较好,生长能力强.[结论]该研究筛选出野生乳头百合最佳的快速繁殖培养基,为野生乳头百合的快速繁殖奠定了基础.     

杏鲍菇17号杂交菌株选育研究

[目的]选育高产优质的杏鲍菇杂交新菌株.[方法]利用不同菌株间产生的不同交配型的单核菌丝配对杂交形成双核菌丝的原理,用杏鲍菇11号菌株和13号菌株作亲本,进行单孢杂交育种.[结果]选育出杏鲍菇17号杂交新菌株,其子实体呈保龄球形,产量较高,生物效率达121.02%.[结论]杏鲍菇17号各项指标表现稳定,适合大面积推广.     

Synthesis, absolute configuration, and analysis of malathion, malaoxon, and isomalathion enantiomers

Syntheses of the enantiomers of malathion, malaoxon, and isomalathion are reported herein. Malathion enantiomers were prepared from (R)- or (S)-malic acid in three steps. Enantiomers of malathion were converted to the corresponding enantiomers of malaoxon in 52% yield by oxidation with monoperoxyphthalic acid, magnesium salt. The four isomalathion stereoisomers were prepared via two independent pathways using strychnine to resolve the asymmetric phosphorus moiety. The absolute configurations of the four stereoisomers of isomalathion were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of an alkaloid salt precursor. A high-performance liquid chromatography technique was developed to resolve the four stereoisomers of isomalathion, and to determine their stereoisomeric ratios.     

Comparative activities of clinafloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin and nonquinolones linozelid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, gentamicin, and vancomycin against clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains

The activities of eight fluoroquinolones and linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), gentamicin, and vancomycin were tested against 96 ciprofloxacin-susceptible and 205 ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Overall, clinafloxacin, followed by moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin, was the most active quinolone tested. For all isolates, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin showed activities that were at least comparable to vancomycin, with no cross-resistance to any other test compound.     

Analysis of mepivacaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, lidocaine, and tetracaine

A GLC method, employing a nitrogen-phosphorus-sensitive detector, is described for the analysis of mepivacaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, lidocaine, and tetracaine in biological fluids. The method is simple, reliable, and sensitive, with a practical limit of sensitivity of approximately 2.5 ng/ml, well below therapeutic plasma levels. Extensive start-up procedures and sample preparation are not required.     

Preparation of gadolinium,terbium, dysprosium,erbium, thulium,and lutecium dicarbides

Summary A study was made of the conditions of preparation of gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, thulium, and lutecium dicarbides by the method of vacuum reduction of oxides of the corresponding metals.It was established that 1800°C is the optimum temperature for the preparation of these dicarbides. It is assumed that the formation of the dicarbides at the same temperature is linked with the similarity of the electronic structures of the rare-earth metals.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 8(56), pp. 34–38, August, 1967.     

Decision-making orientation and AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Hispanic, African-American, and White adolescents.

Examined how adolescents' personal sense of directedness (i.e., peer, parent, or self-directed orientation) affects the decision-making processes of adolescent students regarding AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and skills (KABBS). The sample consisted of 10th-grade students in 8 public high schools (N?=?2,515) in Dade County (greater Miami), Florida. The findings showed that decision-making orientation and directedness was a significant predictor of AIDS-related KABBS of adolescents. Overall, the level of AIDS-related KABBS that were associated with low risk was found significantly more often among self-directed students and least often among peer-directed students. The findings of this study suggest that future preadult health-risk research should incorporate the concept of differences of information processing across adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)