近49年辽阳市玉米生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响

[目的]分析近49年辽宁省玉米生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响.[方法]利用线性趋势模拟、滑动平均等方法,将标准化后的1961～2009年辽阳市玉米播种期、营养生长期及生殖生长期气温、降水、日照等气象资料和玉米单产资料进行对比分析.[结果]近49年玉米生长季各个时期平均气温均呈上升趋势,营养生长和生殖生长期增温明显;降水在播种期变化不大,在营养生长和生殖生长期呈减少趋势;日照在整个生长季均呈减少趋势.无论在哪个生长时期,气温的升高对玉米产量的增加都起到了一定的促进作用;降水和日照的减少是造成近4年玉米小幅减产或增产缓慢的原因.[结论]该研究为政府和农业部门领导科学安排指挥农业生产,充分利用温、光、水资源及准确预报玉米产量提供参考依据.     

不同播期和密度处理对超短季棉个体形态发育的影响

[目的]探讨不同播期和密度处理对超短季棉品种个体发育动态的影响,明晰它们对棉花营养生长和生殖生长的效应,为黄河流域冀东棉区棉花种植的播期和密度管理提供理论和实践指导.[方法]以超短季抗虫棉546系为材料,探讨了不同播期(播期1:5月20日,播期Ⅱ:6月2日,播期Ⅲ:6月14日)和密度(低密度:12万株/hm2,中密度:15万株/hm2,高密度:18万株/hm2)处理对其个体生长发育动态的影响.[结果]不同的播期和密度处理对超短季棉546系的个体生长发育具有明显的影响,其中播期的影响效力要高于密度的影响效力,而播期对于棉株个体果枝数量发育的影响效力又明显高于对主茎伸长生长和加粗生长的影响效力.[结论]在黄河流域的冀中棉区对超短季棉546系栽培过程中,可以通过播期和密度的调控,有效地促进其营养生长和生殖生长,夯实其产量基础.     

不同施肥模式下玉米-土壤系统磷锌的动态变化

[目的]研究不同施肥模式下玉米-土壤系统磷锌的动态变化规律,为制定合理的玉米高产施肥模式提供理论依据.[方法]采用田间试验法,研究不同施肥模式下玉米干物质积累、产量及磷锌的动态变化规律.[结果]随着生育期的延长,各处理玉米干物质和磷锌积累量均呈"S"型变化;不同施肥模式中,各生育时期高产田的土壤速效磷较常规田和低产田分别提高6.2%～15.2%和41.6%～87.0%;成熟期植株干物重分别提高8.3%和25.4%,植株磷累积量分别增加14.6%和43.5%,植株锌累积量分别增加40.2%和74.0%.[结论]高产田中有机无机肥合理配施,玉米增产效果显著,产量达12 286.7 kg/hm2.     

不同种植密度对棉花产量性状的影响

[目的]确定北疆棉花的适宜种植密度.[方法]以新陆早33为供试棉花品种,研究不同种植密度(9.0、13.5、18.0、22.5、27.0、31.5万株/hm<'2>)对其产量性状的影响.[结果]棉花生育期随种植密度的增加而延后;种植密度与棉花株高、叶片数、果枝数、蕾数、铃数、铃重、衣分均呈显著负相关;棉花不同器官于物质积累均呈"S"型曲线,花铃期棉花干物质积累最快;密度为22.5万株/hm<'2>处理棉花的铃重、衣分、籽棉和皮棉产量最高.[结论]北疆早熟棉花品种的适宜种植密度为22.5万株/hm<'2>.     

海藻微生物肥料促进植物生长的研究

[目的]探讨海藻微生物肥料最佳施肥量,为海藻微生物肥料在农业生产中的应用提供科学依据.[方法]在实验室条件下研究了海藻微生物肥料不同施肥量(5、15、45、135 kg/hm<'2>)对小麦苗长、苗干重、根长及叶绿素含量的影响.[结果]当施肥量为15 kg/hm<,2>时,小麦幼苗的苗长、苗干重、根长及叶绿素含量均达到最大值.[结论]适量的海藻微生物肥料对小麦的生长具有明显的促进作用.     

肥料配施对苜蓿干物质产量的影响

[目的]研究不同元素合理配施对苜蓿产量的影响.[方法]试验采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究了硫酸钾、氯化铵、过磷酸钙和氧化镁对苜蓿干物质产量的影响.[结果]试验肥料对苜蓿干物质产量的影响顺序为硫酸钾>氯化铵>氧化镁>过磷酸钙.其中,硫酸钾对苜蓿干物质产量有显著影响,硫酸钾和氧化镁互作时产量影响显著.[结论]获得苜蓿干物质产量为19 224.6 kg/hm<'2>以上的优化方案为硫酸钾163.235～181.679 kg/hm<'2>;氯化铵155.877～174.258 kg,/hm<'2>;过磷酸钙566.177～632.924 kg/hm<'2>;氧化镁30.060-33.628 kg/hm<'2>.     

钾对烤烟碳代谢及其品质形成的影响

[目的]研究不同施钾量对烤烟碳代谢和其品质形成的影响.[方法]通过固定氮、磷水平(N 90 kg/hm<'2>,P<,2>O<,5>180 kg/hm<'2>),设置不同钾肥(K<,2>O)施用量(0、90、180、270和360 kg/hm<'2>)对烤烟碳代谢及其品质形成的影响.[结果]施用适量钾肥提高烤烟中后期烟叶蔗糖转化酶和淀粉酶活性,促进烟叶由氮代谢向碳代谢的适时转换.在烤烟移栽后30和45 d,烟叶可溶性总糖、还原糖和淀粉含量随施钾量的增加而降低,而在烤烟移栽后60、75和90 d随施钾量的增加而增加.说明施用钾肥有利于降低烤烟生长前期的碳积累,而促进烤烟生长后期碳的积累代谢.[结论]适宜的施钾量为270 kg K<,2>O/hm<'2>,在此条件下,烤烟产量最高和烤烟化学成分更趋于协调.     

电解金属锰生产废渣对小麦肥效应的研究

电解金属锰生产废渣污染环境日趋严重，废渣的处理已成为一大研究课题。我们将电解金属锰生产废渣分散于农作物耕地中，以避免废渣整体堆放占用土地和污染环境。在耕地里适量地施用该渣，对小麦生长发育有一定的肥效，能促进小麦的营养生长和生殖生长，提高产量和品质。     

不同比例食用菌废渣对青菜生长的影响

[目的]研究不同比例食用菌废渣土壤对青菜营养生长和生理特性的影响.[方法]将食用菌废渣土壤按体积比(废渣占总体积比)分成6组(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和60%),以当地土壤为空白对照,测定培育的青菜幼苗的营养生长指标(如植株鲜重、根系干重等)和生理指标(如叶绿素含量、根系活力等).[结果]用适宜比例的食用菌菌渣培育青菜,可提高叶绿素的含量、增加干物质的累积、促进根系的生长、增强根系吸收养分的能力.有助于培育壮苗.其中,体积比为20%的食用菌废渣土壤的培育效果最好.[结论]建议将体积比为20%的食用菌废渣土壤合理地应用到青菜栽培上.     

滴施不同比例的K2SO4/KCl对马铃薯生长的影响

[目的]为马铃薯生产中高效合理利用钾肥提供理论依据.[方法]在盆栽试验条件下,通过滴灌施肥系统滴施钾肥,探讨不同比例的K2SO4/KCl对马铃薯生长、产量和品质的影响.[结果] 在试验条件下,滴施K2SO4和滴施K2SO4/KCl比例为1∶1处理有利于马铃薯植株生物量的积累;滴施KCl处理和滴施K2SO4/KCl比例为1∶1处理马铃薯块茎产量显著高于其他3个处理马铃薯块茎产量,比滴施K2SO4处理增产10.1%～13.6%;滴施KCl有利于马铃薯块茎对钾的累积,而滴施K2SO4更有利于提高马铃薯的淀粉含量.[结论]在马铃薯生产中,滴施KCl或在滴施KCl时配施一定比例的K2SO4有较好的增产作用.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.