铅胁迫对空心莲子草生长和生理指标的影响

[目的]研究铅胁迫对空心莲子草生长和生理指标的影响,探究重金属铅污染的植物修复方法.[方法]采用不同浓度铅胁迫水培空心莲子草后,观察其外伤症状,并测定其生长指标和生理指标.[结果]随着铅胁迫浓度的增加,空心莲子草生物量和叶绿素含量逐渐降低,茎叶电导率和丙二醛含量持续增加,而SOD,POD和CAT活性则先增加后降低.[结论]当铅浓度不断增加时,空心莲子草茎叶细胞膜透性增大,丙二醛含量高度积累,抗氧化酶系统活力下降,正常氧化代谢受到严重影响,导致植株枯萎.     

干旱胁迫对蕨类植物生理指标的影响

[目的]研究干旱胁迫下蕨类植物生理指标的变化.[方法]采用人工模拟干旱胁迫-复水方法,对5种蕨类植物(肾蕨、凤尾蕨、蜈蚣蕨、铁线蕨、毛蕨)进行干旱处理,研究了干旱胁迫对其叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、叶绿素含量及游离脯氨酸含量等相关生理指标的影响.[结果]随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,5种蕨类植物叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,而相对电导率和游离脯氧酸含量呈上升趋势;干旱胁迫下,肾蕨各生理指标均好于其他蕨类植物,尤其在胁迫12 d时,差异达显著水平,说明肾蕨的抗旱能力最强;复水后,5种蕨类植物的生理指标均有不同程度的恢复.[结论]该研究可为蕨类植物的开发利用提供理论依据.     

重金属Cd胁迫对不同玉米品种生理生化指标的影响

[目的]研究重金属Cd胁迫对不同玉米品种生理生化指标的影响,为重金属生态毒理学研究提供理论依据.[方法]以辽宁地区大面积种植的玉米品种铁南2号、营丹11号和郑丹958号为供试材料,探讨了不同浓度Cd2+胁迫对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生理生化指标的影响.[结果]低浓度Cd胁迫表现为一定的刺激作用,较高浓度在某种程度上则表现了明显的抑制性.当Cd2+浓度大于5 mg/L时,对不同玉米种子萌发均有明显的抑制效应.并且随着Cd2+浓度的增加,对Cd耐受程度不同的玉米品种其幼苗生长及其外渗电导率、叶绿素含量等生理生化指标产生明显差异.[结论]铁南2号玉米品种对重金属Cd的抗性明显高于其他2种玉米品种.     

稀土不同拌种剂量对玉米生理指标和产量的影响

本文以玉米稀土拌种不同剂量的试验、示范结果，讨论了稀土对玉米作物的生理生化指标、生物性状和产量效应的影响，提出了稀土拌种以每千克种子用稀土４ｇ的适宜剂量.     

盐胁迫对锦带花幼苗生长特性的影响

以锦带花为材料,采用盆栽法研究了不同土壤盐质量分数对锦带花生长的影响.结果 表明:锦带花在盐质量分数≤0.3%时,盐胁迫对其生物量、相对新梢生长量及根冠比的抑制作用不显著,在盐质量分数为0.1%时还略有增加,当盐质量分数为0.4%时才显著下降.随着土壤盐质量分数的增加,叶片及根部的相对含水率逐渐减少,细胞膜透性及丙二醛含量逐渐增大.脯氨酸的含量在盐质量分数≤0.4%时呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在盐质量分数为0.5%时有所下降.可溶性糖含量变化趋势与脯氨酸基本一致.因此可知锦带花具有一定的耐盐性.     

不同灌水方式对辣椒生长、生理的影响

[目的]为辣椒节水灌溉提供科学依据.[方法]通过盆栽试验分析了正常灌溉、根系分区固定灌溉与根系分区交替灌溉对辣椒生长及生理指标的影响.[结果]当灌水下限为75%θF时,分区固定灌溉的辣椒株高显著低于正常灌溉与分区交替灌溉;与正常灌溉相比,分区固定灌溉的辣椒叶宽降低明显;正常灌溉的辣椒叶绿素含量最高,分区交替灌溉次之,分区固定灌溉最低;正常灌溉的辣椒脯氨酸含量最低,分区交替灌溉居中,分区固定灌溉最高.同种灌水方法下不同灌水下限的辣椒叶绿素含量表现为75%θF>65%θF>55%θF. 当灌水下限为55%θF与65%θF时,分区交替灌溉辣椒脯氨酸含量显著高于分区固定灌溉.同种灌溉方法下辣椒叶宽随灌水下限降低显著下降.在同等灌水下限条件下,分区交替灌溉的辣椒叶宽显著大于分区固定灌溉.[结论]控制性根系分区交替灌溉是最节水高效的灌溉方式.     

烯效唑对小麦幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度烯效唑浸种对小麦幼苗生长的影响.[方法]分别用0、20、40、60 mg/L烯效唑浸种处理,研究其对小麦幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响.[结果]与对照相比,20、40、60 mg/L烯效唑处理后,幼苗株高分别降低9.35、10.78、12.16 cm,根干重分别增加7.18%、4.39%、1.73%.根冠比分别增加30.3%、20.5%、16.4%.总叶绿素含量分别增加8.9%、27.1%、37.8%,丙二醛含量分别降低28.7%、16.1%、6.9%,呼吸强度分别降低61.1%、19.6%、16.9%;烯效唑浓度为20 和40 mg/L时,根系活力分别增加53.8%、19.4%,而60 mg/L时根系活力比对照组降低11.3%.[结论]小麦生产过程中,烯效唑使用浓度以20 mg/L为宜.     

Ln-Gly-VB6对Pb胁迫下五种乔木若干生理生化指标影响

本文研究了Pb对五种树木叶片的生理伤害和Ln-Gly-VB6对Pb污染胁迫的缓解作用,实验结果表明,Ln-Gly-VB6能明显减轻Pb污染造成的植物叶片叶绿素含量下降,质膜透性加大,过氧化氢酶活性改变,Pb富集量上升。说明Ln-Gly-VB6对Pb污染胁迫具有一定的防护作用。     

NaCl胁迫对黄顶菊生长及生理生化的影响

为揭示黄顶菊在不同质量分数NaCl胁迫下的生长及生理响应机制,对1 a生盆栽苗进行了不同质量分数NaCl胁迫处理.结果 表明:NaCl处理明显抑制了黄顶菊的生长.随着NaCl胁迫时间的延长,相对电导率呈上升趋势,MDA含量呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势.随着胁迫时间的延长,POD、SOD和CAT 3种酶活性均出现先升后降的趋势,6 d时0.4%NaCl处理的活性最高.游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白等3种渗透调节物质也呈先升后降再升的规律.NaCl处理质量分数大于0.4%时,会对植物造成致死性的渗透胁迫.综上所述,当土壤质量分数≥0.4%时不适合黄顶菊生长.     

铅胁迫对红花檵木生理特性的影响

[目的]研究铅胁迫对红花框木生理特性的影响.[方法]以红花檀木为材料,采用水培方法,对不同Pb<'2+>浓度(0、100、500、1 000、1 500mg/L)和处理时间(8、16 d)胁迫下植物的叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率以及可溶性糖含量的变化进行了研究.[结果]在Pb<'2+>胁迫下,随Pb<'2+>处理浓度的增加红花檀木叶片中的SOD活性先增加后降低;MDA含量和相对电导率在Pb<'2+>胁迫下有不同程度的增加;可溶性糖含量在Pb<'2+>胁迫下出现上升,其可能是使红花檀木提高诱导胁迫抗性的调节物质之一.[结论]初步揭示了不同浓度Pb<'2+>对红花檀木生理生化代谢的影响,为进一步探讨Pb<'2+>胁迫下红花檀木生理特性与Pb<'2+>耐性能力的相关关系奠定了基础.     

壳寡糖对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究壳寡糖对玉米(Zea mays L.)种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.[方法]利用不同浓度壳寡糖处理玉米种子及幼苗,研究壳寡糖对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.[结果]壳寡糖能够有效地提高玉米种子胚乳淀粉酶活力,提高胚根、胚芽的生长速率,促进玉米种子萌发;同时,壳寡糖还可提高玉米幼苗叶片叶绿素含量以及根系活力,促进幼苗生长.其中,浓度为0.1 μg/ml壳寡糖的促进作用最为明显.[结论]壳寡糖具有促进玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的作用.该研究可为壳寡糖的应用提供理论支持.     

Chromosome-specific molecular organization of maize (Zea mays L.) centromeric regions

A set of oat-maize chromosome addition lines with individual maize (Zea mays L.) chromosomes present in plants with a complete oat (Avena sativa L.) chromosome complement provides a unique opportunity to analyze the organization of centromeric regions of each maize chromosome. A DNA sequence, MCS1a, described previously as a maize centromere-associated sequence, was used as a probe to isolate cosmid clones from a genomic library made of DNA purified from a maize chromosome 9 addition line. Analysis of six cosmid clones containing centromeric DNA segments revealed a complex organization. The MCS1a sequence was found to comprise a portion of the long terminal repeats of a retrotransposon-like repeated element, termed CentA. Two of the six cosmid clones contained regions composed of a newly identified family of tandem repeats, termed CentC. Copies of CentA and tandem arrays of CentC are interspersed with other repetitive elements, including the previously identified maize retroelements Huck and Prem2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that CentC and CentA elements are limited to the centromeric region of each maize chromosome. The retroelements Huck and Prem2 are dispersed along all maize chromosomes, although Huck elements are present in an increased concentration around centromeric regions. Significant variation in the size of the blocks of CentC and in the copy number of CentA elements, as well as restriction fragment length variations were detected within the centromeric region of each maize chromosome studied. The different proportions and arrangements of these elements and likely others provide each centromeric region with a unique overall structure.     

High efficiency transformation of maize (Zea mays L.) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Transformants of maize inbred A188 were efficiently produced from immature embryos cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens that carried "super-binary" vectors. Frequencies of transformation (independent transgenic plants/embryos) were between 5% and 30%. Almost all transformants were normal in morphology, and more than 70% were fertile. Stable integration, expression, and inheritance of the transgenes were confirmed by molecular and genetic analysis. Between one and three copies of the transgenes were integrated with little rearrangement, and the boundaries of T-DNA were similar to those in transgenic dicotyledons and rice. F1 hybrids between A188 and five other inbreds were transformed at low frequencies.     

Genetic mechanisms underlying apimaysin and maysin synthesis and corn earworm antibiosis in maize (Zea mays L.)

C-glycosyl flavones in maize silks confer resistance (i.e., antibiosis) to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) larvae and are distinguished by their B-ring substitutions, with maysin and apimaysin being the di- and monohydroxy B-ring forms, respectively. Herein, we examine the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of maysin and apimaysin and the corresponding effects on corn earworm larval growth. Using an F2 population, we found a quantitative trait locus (QTL), rem1, which accounted for 55.3% of the phenotypic variance for maysin, and a QTL, pr1, which explained 64.7% of the phenotypic variance for apimaysin. The maysin QTL did not affect apimaysin synthesis, and the apimaysin QTL did not affect maysin synthesis, suggesting that the synthesis of these closely related compounds occurs independently. The two QTLs, rem1 and pr1, were involved in a significant epistatic interaction for total flavones, suggesting that a ceiling exists governing the total possible amount of C-glycosyl flavone. The maysin and apimaysin QTLs were significant QTLs for corn earworm antibiosis, accounting for 14. 1% (rem1) and 14.7% (pr1) of the phenotypic variation. An additional QTL, represented by umc85 on the short arm of chromosome 6, affected antibiosis (R2 = 15.2%), but did not affect the synthesis of the C-glycosyl flavones.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响

[目的]为了解亚精胺是否能缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的影响.[方法]采用滤纸培养法,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd) 对NaCl 胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和部分生理指标的影响.[结果]与对照相比,盐胁迫抑制了小麦幼苗的生长,增加了小麦中SOD、POD活性和MDA含量,降低了可溶性蛋白质含量.亚精胺处理明显促进了小麦幼苗的生长,提高了幼苗中SOD和POD活性,降低了MDA含量,提高了可溶性蛋白质含量.[结论]亚精胺能缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的毒害作用,提高小麦幼苗的抗盐能力,但随处理时间的延长,亚精胺的缓解作用有所下降.     

A modified autonomous En transposon in maize (Zea mays L.) elicits a differential response of reporter alleles

Transposable elements in maize are composed of a defined molecular structure that includes coding sequences, determiners of functionality and ordered terminal motifs that provide binding sites for transposase proteins. Alterations in these components change the phenotypic expression of unstable genes with transposon inserts. The molecular basis for the altered timing and frequency of transposition as determined by the size and number of spots on kernels or stripes on leaves has generally been described for defective inserts in genes. Most differential patterns can be ascribed to alterations in the terminal motifs of the reporter allele structure that supplies a substrate (terminal inverted repeat motifs) for transposase activity. For autonomously functioning alleles, the explanations for changes in phenotype are not so clear. In this report, an En-related element identified as F-En is described that shares with En the recognition of a specific defective element cl(mr)888104 but differs from En in that this F-En element does not recognize the canonical cl(mr) elements that are recognized by En. Evidence is provided suggesting that F-En does not recognize other En/Spm-related defective elements, some of whose sequences are known. This modified En arose from a cl-m autonomously mutating En allele.