全寿命设备管理的回归分析及应用

全寿命周期成本(LCC)电力设备管理中的运行和故障费用十分重要,但是设备的运行故障费用的模型却很难得到,同时全寿命的可靠性研究也需要设备故障模型的支持。在上海电网采购管理系统(PMS)的设备运行数据的基础上,对设备故障与设备成本、设备维修情况、设备使用年限等进行统计。通过选取设备管理的模型和回归分析方法,得到反映设备故障及其关键影响因素之间关系的数学模型,找到故障模型与关键因素之间的定量关系。在该数学模型的基础上,进行设备故障预测、全寿命评估和可靠性分析,使得上海电网目前已有的设备数据,采用回归分析在工程上更为实用。     

石化企业蒸汽动力系统优化运行研究

建立了考虑设备启停费用的蒸汽动力系统多周期最优运行的混合整数线性规划模型,并将锅炉和汽轮机的模型根据实际运行情况进行了合理的线性化。利用规划软件LINGO进行优化求解,并通过实例证明了利用建立的模型,得到了合理的优化运行计划,节省了大量的运行成本。     

蒸汽动力系统多周期优化运行研究

建立考虑设备启停费用的蒸汽动力系统多周期最优运行的混合整数线性规划模型,并将锅炉和汽轮机的模型根据实际运行情况进行合理的线性化。利用规划软件LINGO进行优化求解,并将所建模型运用到某一石化企业的实例中,得到了合理的优化运行计划,节省了大量的运行成本。     

基于全寿命周期的变压器资产原值建模分析

从设备寿命周期费用的角度即以经济效益为中心来管理变压器。变压器寿命周期成本包含建设成本、运行成本、维修成本及废弃成本。使用计量经济学软件SPSS通过线性回归和关系式拟合估算的方法,并通过具体的算例得到了影响变压器资产原值的一般模型,以便更精确地对设备和系统进行评估,把寿命周期成本降到最低。     

考虑广义储能的综合能源系统典型日优化运行

由电、热、冷能系统之间的耦合与互联构成的综合能源系统(IES),对于构建环保、高效、经济的能源系统至关重要。着眼于IES运行环节,考虑广义储能设备的投入运行,并计及IES内各设备出力约束,以调度周期内运行费用最低为目标函数,采用基于yalmip平台的cplex优化算法包对IES优化运行进行求解。该方法考虑了分时电价和典型日负荷特性对IES运行的影响,并与不计广义储能的运行模式进行对比分析。算例仿真表明,投入广义储能设备不仅更有利于IES的经济效益,而且有利于IES安全稳定运行。     

批发市场中央空调系统方案设计研究

文章结合实际工程案例,以冰蓄冷和常规电制冷两种中央空调系统作为研究对象,综合考虑电力费用、峰谷电价结构、设备初期投资及运行成本等诸因素,通过对系统方案进行科学合理的选型设计,以期达到在确保系统运行可靠的前提下设备寿命周期费用最经济。     

计及可靠性的配电网全寿命周期成本模型及应用

随着现代经济的高速发展,对电力系统的设备可靠性要求更高,科学高效地管理是亟待解决的关键问题,全寿命周期成本管理(LCC)将是优化电网的重要手段。计及配电网设备运行寿命、设备可靠性性能和电网可靠性的影响,以成本效益分析原理为基础,提出了配电网设备级和系统级LCC计算模型,分析了贴现率、投资费用、单位停电损失费等参数对LCC值的影响。算例分析表明,该模型实用、正确,对降低工程综合成本、提高设备的整体效益和优选配电网规划方案具有重要意义。     

基于改进蝙蝠算法的微电网优化研究

为了协调微电网中各微电源的优化调度,文中研究了涵盖光伏、风电、储能、燃气轮机和燃料电池的分布式电源,在微电网并网与孤岛运行条件下,建立了以发电费用和污染物处罚费用最低的目标函数,并采用了具有Lévy飞行特征的蝙蝠算法求得一个调度周期内各个分布式电源的最优出力及总运行成本,最后将仿真结果与基本蝙蝠算法的结果相比较,从而验证了该文所研究的优化模型及改进后算法的可行性。     

基于可靠性评估的冷热电三联产系统运行优化研究

在传统能源紧缺的背景下,发展冷热电三联产（CCHP）系统并提出兼顾可靠性的系统运行优化方案可在规避供需失衡风险的同时有效提高经济效益。本文提出基于可靠性评估的CCHP系统运行优化模型,在传统优化模型中引入可靠性约束,并以华东地区某宾馆为例,分析和评估了各可靠性水平下该宾馆不同季节典型日的供能设备逐时出力情况和运行费用。结果表明：随着可靠性水平的增加,用户的用能需求和CCHP系统的运行费用随之增加;系统可靠性水平的提高需要以成本支出为代价。     

基于ERP全口径设备管理在资产全寿命周期中的应用

电力企业的设备管理具有规模庞大、种类繁杂、分布地域广、技术含量高等鲜明特征,同时资产全寿命周期中设备管理要求提高设备的可用率和运行效率,减少检修费用投入,因此设备管理一直是电力企业所面临的难题.通过对ERP系统以及专业设备管理系统特点的分析,提出基于ERP系统实现全口径设备管理,能够对资产全寿命周期过程以有力的支撑,达...     

An Integrated Feasibility Analysis of a Stand‐alone Wind Power System,including No‐energy Fulfillment Cost

Autonomous wind power systems are among the most interesting and environmentally friendly technological solutions for the electrification of remote consumers. However, the expected system operational cost is quite high, especially if the no‐load rejection restriction is applied. This article describes an integrated feasibility analysis of a stand‐alone wind power system, considering, beyond the total long‐term operational cost of the system, the no‐energy fulfilment (or the alternative energy coverage) cost of the installation. Therefore the impact of desired system reliability on the stand‐alone system configuration is included. Accordingly, a detailed parametric investigation is carried out concerning the influence of the hourly no‐energy fulfilment cost on the system dimensions and operational cost. Thus, by using the proposed method, one has the capability–in all practical cases–to determine the optimum wind power system configuration that minimizes the long‐term total cost of the installation, considering also the influence of the local economy basic parameters. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of the performance of combined cooling,heating, and power systems with dual power generation units

The benefits of using a combined cooling, heating, and power system with dual power generation units (D-CCHP) is examined in nine different U.S. locations. One power generation unit (PGU) is operated at base load while the other is operated following the electric load. The waste heat from both PGUs is used for heating and for cooling via an absorption chiller. The D-CCHP configuration is studied for a restaurant benchmark building, and its performance is quantified in terms of operational cost, primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emissions (CDE). Cost spark spread, PEC spark spread, and CDE spark spread are examined as performance indicators for the D-CCHP system. D-CCHP system performance correlates well with spark spreads, with higher spark spreads signifying greater savings through implementation of a D-CCHP system. A new parameter, thermal difference, is introduced to investigate the relative performance of a D-CCHP system compared to a dual PGU combined heat and power system (D-CHP). Thermal difference, together with spark spread, can explain the variation in savings of a D-CCHP system over a D-CHP system for each location. The effect of carbon credits on operational cost savings with respect to the reference case is shown for selected locations.     

Exergy, economic & environmental (3E) analysis of inlet fogging for gas turbine power plant

In the present paper, the effects of inlet fogging system on the first and second law efficiencies are investigated for a typical power plant (Shahid Rajaee) which is located near Ghazvin in Iran. Also a new function is proposed for system optimization that includes the social cost of air pollution for power generating systems. The new function is based on the first law efficiency, energy cost and the external social cost of air pollution for an operational system. Social cost of air pollution is based on the negative effects of air pollution on the health of society and environment. The economic aspect of these effects is called external social cost of air pollution. Other pollution sources such as water, soil, etc. produced by an operational power generation system are ignored. The theoretical results obtained from the model are validated by registered practical performance results from Shahid Rajaee power plant. It is concluded that using of inlet fogging system, increases the average output power production, the first and the second law efficiencies through three months of year (June, July and August) by 7%, 5.5% and 6% respectively and reduces the objective function value by about 4%.     

添加石灰石脱硫对CFB锅炉热效率的影响

瑞平热电厂循环流化床锅炉因故停加脱硫石灰石,锅炉的热效率有所提高。分析脱硫石灰石的添加对锅炉热效率的影响。结果表明瑞平热电厂石灰石添加比例偏高、石灰石颗粒偏大和一次风、二次风分配不合理是热效率不高的主要原因,指出今后的改进措施。     

Considerations on the backup of wind power: Operational backup

The introduction of wind power into an electricity-generation system on a large scale brings about challenges for the evolution and operation of this system: backup for wind power becomes a necessity. This paper defines various elements that come into play when considering backup for electricity generation from wind power. The backup is split up in capacity backup and operational backup. The focus is set on the short-term, operational aspects of the backup provision. The effects of several short-term operation related parameters are defined and analysed. Most relevant parameters for the operation and needs for wind power backup are the load profiles, the wind power output profiles and the total amount of installed wind power. These are analysed by means of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model through two different methods for operational backup provision, comparing the incremental cost, generated by both methods. The first method applies wind power backup through a 100% provision of additional spinning reserves. The second method does not foresee any spinning reserve and relies on the balancing by the Transmission System Operator (TSO). Both methods result in different additional charges that are being affected by the said parameters. Both the wind profile and the total amount of installed wind power are positively related to the relative cost increase. The load profile is negatively correlated to this increase. The relationship between these parameters and the development of the incremental cost provides an understanding that allows finding better equilibria in the operational backup of wind power.     

循环水系统操作费用的优化研究

建立了循环水系统操作费用模型,讨论了各种因素对循环水系统运行费用的影响规律。干球温度,空气相对湿度,冷却塔鼓风量等因素的变化直接影响循环水出塔温度,而出塔温度的变化对系统的循环水量具有很大的影响,如从28℃增加到30℃时,循环水量增加20％左右,输送费用也会相应地增加。昆明地区,冬季循环水出塔温度为22．5℃时,操作费用最低,而夏季循环水出塔温度为27．5℃时,操作费用最低,另外,水价,电价不同也会影响系统最佳出塔温度选取。因此,相同的系统在不同的季节,不同的地区,具有不同的最佳操作参数。     

Spark spread – A screening parameter for combined heating and power systems

Combined heating and power (CHP) systems may be considered for installation if they produce savings over conventional systems with separate heating and power. For a CHP system with a natural gas engine as the prime mover, the difference between the price of natural gas and the price of purchased electricity, called spark spread, is an indicator as to whether a CHP system might be considered or not. The objective of this paper is to develop a detailed model, based on the spark spread, that compares the electrical energy and heat energy produced by a CHP system against the same amounts of energy produced by a traditional, or separate heating and power (SHP) system that purchases electricity from the grid. An expression for the spark spread based on the cost of the fuel and some of the CHP system efficiencies is presented in this paper as well as an expression for the payback period for a given capital cost and spark spread. The developed expressions allow determining the required spark spread for a CHP system to produce a net operational savings over the SHP in terms of the performance of system components. Results indicate that the spark spread which might indicate favorable payback varies based on the efficiencies of the CHP system components and the desired payback period. In addition, a new expression for calculating the payback period for a CHP system based on the CHP system capital cost per unit of power output and fuel cost is proposed.     

Optimal control of operation efficiency of belt conveyor systems

The improvement of the energy efficiency of belt conveyor systems can be achieved at equipment or operation levels. Switching control and variable speed control are proposed in literature to improve energy efficiency of belt conveyors. The current implementations mostly focus on lower level control loops or an individual belt conveyor without operational considerations at the system level. In this paper, an optimal switching control and a variable speed drive (VSD) based optimal control are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of belt conveyor systems at the operational level, where time-of-use (TOU) tariff, ramp rate of belt speed and other system constraints are considered. A coal conveying system in a coal-fired power plant is taken as a case study, where great saving of energy cost is achieved by the two optimal control strategies. Moreover, considerable energy saving resulting from VSD based optimal control is also proved by the case study.     

某市给水系统的模拟一级优化调度

本文对榆次市的给水系统进行了模拟一级优化调度,结果表明,模拟24小时优化调度结果各水厂的供水量和水压都与原来有显著不同,模拟优化调度节能效果十分显著,经计算估计年节约电费约31万元,占年总运行电费的10．6％。     

Optimal power allocation for a FCHV based on linear programming and PID controller

Hybrid electric vehicles positively influence the transportation industry with regards to reducing the use of fossil fuels and minimizing polluting emissions. A class of such vehicles incorporates fuel cells and energy storage systems as alternatives to internal combustion engines. This paper develops a dynamically efficient energy management system for fuel cell hybrid vehicles for the purpose of achieving an optimal power allocation between the energy sources while adhering to component requirements and maintaining the essential operational performance. The paper addresses a two stage control methodologies, pre-driving optimization using linear programming algorithms and on-line optimization using PID controllers and component mechanisms. The performance criteria are based on the overall operational cost as well as the hydrogen consumption per trip. Comparison against a state control algorithm shows improvements in hydrogen consumption.