SOI热光4×4光开关阵列的研制

设计和制作了由5个2×2多模干涉马赫-曾德开关元组成的重排无阻塞型SOI 4×4热光开关阵列.阵列的最小和最大附加损耗分别为6.6和10.4dB,阵列的串扰为-12 ～-19.8dB,光开关阵列的开关速度小于30μs,单个开关元的功耗大约为330mW.     

Low-loss 4 × 4 optical matrix switch for fibre-optic communication

A low-loss and high-repeatability 4 × 4 optical matrix switch fabricated by using rhombic glass-block switch elements is described. The maximum loss was 1.3 dB and the crosstalk was less than ?55 dB, with a switching delay of less than 18 ms.     

Linear crosstalk in 4×4 semiconductor optical amplifier gateswitch matrix

We report a comprehensive crosstalk investigation of a packaged InGaAsP/InP 4×4 semiconductor optical amplifier gate switch matrix, experimentally as well as theoretically. For a fully loaded switch with the same wavelength on all four inputs, all possible switching combinations are analyzed, thus yielding realistic crosstalk figures. Coherent and incoherent crosstalk phenomena are identified, and a switch crosstalk less than -40 dB has been measured     

3/spl times/3 all-fiber routing switch

An all-fiber acoustooptic switch has been constructed from a 3/spl times/3 null fused coupler. The maximum drive power required is 4 mW, the switching time is 100 /spl mu/s and the insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB and has a cross talk of 20 dB. The switch shares the advantages of an earlier 2/spl times/2 switch but with more fiber ports, and should permit the design of compound routing arrays with fewer switching elements per channel.     

4×4 digital optical matrix switch using polymeric oversizedrib waveguides

For the first time the concept of oversized rib waveguides has been employed in a complex integrated optical device. Using commercially available polymers, a strictly nonblocking 4×4 digital optical matrix switch with full functionality has been realized. The matrix consists of 24 1×2 switching elements and showed a polarization independent average crosstalk of -28.8 dB     

Polarisation-independent LiNbO3 4×4 matrix switch

The first polarisation independent LiNbO₃ strictly non-blocking 4×4 matrix switch has been developed. This matrix switch has a 4-6 dB insertion loss at any incident polarisation with 1.3 μm wavelength and about 30 V switching voltage     

4×4 OEIC switch module using GaAs substrate

A compact 4×4 optical switch module consisting of a monolithic 4-channel OEIC receiver chip, a 4×4 GaAs IC chip, and a 4-channel OEIC transmitter chip has been developed for the first time. The module offers good performance, without an optical loss, a bandwidth of more than 600 MHz, and a crosstalk between neighboring channels of less than -20 dB. It has a good switching and distributive performance for high speed optical input signals of 560 Mbit/s. The switch module is attractive for use in high data-rate optical communication systems, particularly in local area networks, CATV systems, and intra-office links     

A novel loss compensation technique analysis and design for 60 GHz CMOS SPDT switch

A novel loss compensation technique for a series-shunt single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch is presented operating in the 60 GHz. The feed-forward compensation network which is composed of an NMOS, a couple capacitance and a shunt inductance can reduce the impact of the feed forward capacitance to reduce the insertion loss and improve the isolation of the SPDT switch. The measured insertion loss and isolation characteristics of the switch somewhat deviating from the 60 GHz are analyzed revealing that the inaccuracy of the MOS model can greatly degrade the performance of the switch. The switch is implemented in TSMC 90-nm CMOS process and exhibits an isolation of above 27 dB at transmitter mode, and the insertion loss of 1.8-3 dB at 30-65 GHz by layout simulation. The measured insertion loss is 2.45 dB at 52 GHz and keeps<4 dB at 30-64 GHz. The measured isolation is better than 25 dB at 30-64 GHz and the measured return loss is better than 10 dB at 30-65 GHz. A measured input 1 dB gain compression point of the switch is 13 dBm at 52 GHz and 15 dBm at 60 GHz. The simulated switching speed with rise time and fall time are 720 and 520 ps, respectively. The active chip size of the proposed switch is 0.5×0.95 mm².     

A Novel 4$, times ,$4 Optical Switch Using an Anisotropically Etched Micromirror Array and a Bistable Mini-Actuator Array

This letter presents a novel approach to realize a 4 times 4 optical switch. The optical switch consists of a micromachined silicon micromirror array and a bistable mini-actuator array. The micromirror array, which comprises vertical mirrors, cantilevers, and trenches, can be monolithically fabricated by a simple anisotropic silicon etching process in high precision and high yield. The mini-actuator array consists of 16 commercially available bistable actuators integrated with L-shape arms. The advantages of this approach include high precision, easy alignment, high fabrication yield, and low cost. Because of bistable actuation, the power consumption is very low and thus the temperature elevation of a working device is less than 0.3 K. The measured insertion losses of the four channels are between - 1.6 and - 2.3 dB. The measured crosstalk is less than -60 dB, and the measured switching time is about 13 ms.     

Crosstalk measurements of integrated high-speedTi:LiNbO3 Δβ-reversal switching circuits

Directional coupler crosstalk was measured at multigigahertz frequencies using an optical sampling method for improved sensitivity. At both 2- and 4-GHz switching frequency, the crosstalk in both switch states of the coupler was ⩽-19 dB for an element of a 1×4 switch array intended for time-division-multiplexing applications. The authors also report measurements of intercoupler crosstalk for this switch array     

A novel 1×4 coupler-multiplexer permutation switch for WDMapplications

A novel 1×4 coupler multiplexer permutation switch (CMPS) is proposed for applications in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. The structure of the CMPS integrates the multiplexing and switching functions into a single compact device. It consists of a single-mode/multimode-waveguide grating-assisted, backward-coupler multiplexer followed by a 1×4 digital optical switch (DOS). The specific design uses an InP-based 1×4 CMPS with InGaAsP-InP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) DOS. The calculated values of crosstalk for the coupler multiplexer and the DOS are <-25 dB and -23 dB, respectively, giving an overall crosstalk <-21 dB for channel bandwidths of 10-13 GHz. The device channels are unequally spaced, which reduces unwanted four-wave mixing (FWM), but are fitted to the ITU standard wavelength grid     

Lossless 1×4 laser diode optical gate switch

The fabrication of a compact 1×4 laser diode (LD) optical gate switch for the 1.3 μm band, comprising five LD optical gate submodules and a 1×4 planar lightwave circuit, is described. The switch exhibited a lossless switching function and polarization sensitivities of 0.5-1.1 dB, with operation currents of 45 to 55 mA. At operation currents of 120 mA, the switch exhibited positive gains of 9.0 to 10.2 dB. No power penalty was detected for nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) transmissions of up to 2 Gb/s at -10 dBm input levels, when a narrowband optical filter for spontaneous emission reduction was used     

4×4 polymer thermo-optic directional coupler switch at 1.55μm

An integrated 4×4 polymer thermo-optic switch at 1.55 μm is demonstrated for the first time. A fibre to fibre insertion loss of 10 dB, and extinction ratios of 17.5-19.5 dB were measured. The polarisation sensitivity was typically less then 0.5 dB and the response time was less then 1 ms. The electrical power consumption was found to be 70 mW per single switch     

Suppressed modal interference switches with integrated curvedamplifiers for scaleable photonic crossconnects

A novel, compact optical switch that incorporates two 1×2 suppressed modal interference (SMI) switches with an integrated curved amplifier is demonstrated as a basic component for scaleable, lossless photonic crossconnects. The basic operation of the switch is described and measured on/off ratios of 22 dB (16 dB) are reported for the cross (bar) state with switching currents of less than 25 mA per section. Lossless switching was attained in the amplified cross state, while only 0.5 dB of excess loss was measured in the unamplified bar state. Cascading of these elements should lead to N×N lossless, optical crossconnects with crosstalk levels near 40 dB     

Rearrangeably nonblocking 8×8 guided wave optical switch

The design and construction of a lithium niobate 8×8 optical switch with a rearrangeably nonblocking architecture is described. The design is compared with the more familiar strictly nonblocking architecture. The switch has 28 elements, a switching voltage of 26 V and a loss of 5.5 dB at 1.3 μm wavelength     

Rearrangeable Nonblocking 8 × 8 Matrix Optical Switch Based on Silica Waveguide and Extended Banyan Network

Based on the crossbar network and the Banyan network (BN), a new rearrangeable nonblocking structure of extended Banyan network (EBN) was proposed for implementing an 8 times 8 optical matrix switch. The interconnection characteristics of the rearrangeable nonblocking EBN were studied, and the diagram of the logic program for driving the operation of switching units was provided. A silica waveguide 8 times 8 matrix optical switch was designed and fabricated according to the calculated results. The silica waveguide propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm and waveguide-fiber coupling loss of 0.5 dB/facet were measured. With the fabricated 8 times 8 matrix optical switch, the insertion loss of 4.6 dB, the crosstalk of -38 dB, the polarization-dependent loss of 0.4 dB, the averaged switching power of 1.6 W, and the switching time of 1 ms were achieved. A basic agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculated values was achieved     

A 60–110 GHz Transmission-Line Integrated SPDT Switch in 90 nm CMOS Technology

This letter demonstrates a fully integrated transmit/receive single-pole-double-throw switch in standard bulk 90 nm CMOS process. This switch is based on the transmission-line integrated approach that reduces the effect of parasitic capacitance of transistors in the desired band, and this approach can achieve good isolation and return loss with fewer stages of transistors and broad bandwidth. The switch provides an insertion loss of 3–4 dB and a return loss better than 10 dB in 60–110 GHz. The measured isolation is better than 25 dB. The measured 1 dB compression point of input power is 10.5 dBm at 75 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CMOS switch operating beyond 100 GHz.      

Wavelength-division-multiplexing optical switch using acoustooptic deflector

A new wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical switch using an acoustooptic deflector (AOD) is presented. This switch requires minimal hardware and is highly applicable in high-speed signal switching. Theoretical calculations based on the Gaussian beam approximation show that up to a 20 × 20 switch is possible using present technology. As a preliminary study, a 3 × 3 WDM switch is constructed. Crosstalk of this switch is found to be less than -20 dB, and a 500 Mbit/s return to zero (RZ) signal is successfully switched with a 4-μs switch access time. A large capacity switching network using this WDM optical switch is proposed.     

Hybrid-integrated 4×4 optical gate matrix switch usingsilica-based optical waveguides and LD array chips

The fabrication and characteristics of a hybrid-integrated optical gate matrix switch were studied. The switch was composed of a silica-based single-mode guided-wave circuit and two InGaAsP gate array chips, each of which comprised eight laser diode optical gates. The gate array chips were assembled on the guided-wave circuit using a hybrid integration technique. The insertion loss of the fabricated 4×4 matrix switch was scattered among switching paths and ranged from 26 to 33 dB. The switch was applicable to a 400 Mb/s signal system with a bit error rate of 10^-9. The numerical analysis shows that the residual reflectivity at the LD gate and waveguide facets caused the loss scattering among the paths and that reduction of the residual reflectivity is essential for improving the switch characteristics     

Compact versatile thermooptical space switch based on beam steeringby a waveguide array

We present the implementation of an optical space switching concept based on thermooptic beam steering in an arrayed waveguide grating. Individual addressing of heaters on the array waveguides enables flexible switching of input signals to output waveguide channels. The switch can be used either as a 1-to-8 switch or as multiple parallel 1-to-4, 1-to-3, or 1-to-2 switches. For the implementation we used high-refractive-index SiON-SiO₂ planar waveguide technology, which allows the realization of compact devices using small bending radii. We achieved isolations of the “off'” channels with respect to the “on” channel of up to 29 dB for a 1-to-3 switch or better than 22 dB for all “off” waveguides for a 1-to-8 switch