负载低团聚纳米级SnO_2-Sb_2O_3导电粉末的工艺研究

以云母为基料,采用化学共沉淀法制备负载低团聚纳米级SnO2-Sb2O3的超细导电粉末。考察了影响粉体形貌和导电性能的主要工艺参数。结果表明,煅烧温度750℃,表面活性剂在反应后加入,搅拌速率在1 500 r/min以上的工艺条件下,可制备纳米级、低团聚和体积电阻率达14Ω.cm的导电填料。     

SnO_2、Y_2O_3稳定钛酸铝陶瓷材料的实验

本试验以工业氧化铝、工业钛白粉为主要原料,通过添加SnO2、Y2O3等添加剂,采用一步烧结法合成了含钛酸铝90％以上的陶瓷材料,经1100℃左右保温10小时分解试验,保持较好的稳定性。     

含ZnO/SnO_2的SiO_2-B_2O_3-Bi_3O_2封接玻璃性能的研究

用传统熔融冷却法制得SiO_2-B2O3-Bi3O_2系统玻璃,采用差热分析法研究了玻璃的结构和玻璃的特征温度Tg和Tf,测试了玻璃的密度、热膨胀系数、介电常数等性能。结果表明,在SiO_2-B_2O_3-Bi_3O_2系统玻璃中,当ZnO含量增加,ZnO/SnO_2质量比上升时,玻璃的热膨胀系数、密度和摩尔体积均呈下降趋势,玻璃的转化温度Tg和软化温度Tf变化不大,析晶温度Ts则有明显的上升。     

Ce_(0.7)Zr_(0.3)/γ-Al_2O_3纳米固溶体的制备及其结构

以氯氧化锆、硝酸铈、硝酸铝为原料,按n(Ce)∶n(Zr)=0.7∶0.3的比例,采用化学共沉淀法与有机物共沸蒸馏法,将CeO2、ZrO2分散到γ-Al2O3表面上使其形成Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/γ-Al23固溶体。用XRD考察纳米固溶体在不同温度下焙烧后的相结构。结果表明:Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/γ-Al2O3纳米固溶体为立方晶型,且随着焙烧温度的升高,样品的衍射峰依次变强,峰宽变窄。     

Al2O3-SiC系制品中添加物α-Cr2O3的行为

以电熔刚玉和SiC为基料的制品中添加适量亚微米级的绿铬(α-Cr2O3)时,烧成过程中α-Cr2O3生长到1～5 μm,并与刚玉表面接触区发生互扩散行为.SiC在氧化层中氧化并形成玻璃纤维,使氧化层的组分变为Al2O3-Cr2O3-SiO2系.所形成的高硅质液相能促进(Al2-x,Crx)O3固溶体析晶,晶体呈较大的六方柱状自形晶,长度达5～20 μm,长径比(a)为5～10.但此液相中不含Cr2O3.     

Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3-BaO玻璃的结构与热学性能研究

通过调整ω(Bi_2O_3)/ω(BaO)比例关系,研究了Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3-BaO低熔点玻璃体系结构和性能,通过DTA测定了玻璃软化温度和转变温度,热膨胀测试仪测试玻璃膨胀系数,红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分别研究玻璃结构和玻璃化程度。结果表明:玻璃的软化温度和转变温度都随着BaO质量分数的增加而增加,两者均处于较低的温度变化区间;玻璃的热膨胀系数随着BaO质量分数的增加而升高,XRD表明,玻璃的玻璃化程度良好,没有析晶。     

ZnO-B_2O_3-Bi_2O_3玻璃的结构性能研究

用传统熔融冷却法制备ZnO-B_2O_3-Bi_2O_3,系统玻璃,采用X射线衍射法和差热分析法研究了玻璃的结构和玻璃的特征温度T_g和T_f,测试了玻璃的密度、热膨胀系数和介电常数等性能。结果表明,在ZnO-B_2O_3-Bi_2O_3系统玻璃中,当用B_2O_3逐步取代Bi_2O_3时,玻璃的特征温度T_g和T_f呈现逐渐升高的趋势,玻璃热膨胀系数由11.13×10~(-6)/℃减小至6.22×10~(-6)/℃,玻璃的密度由5.920 g/cm~3减小至4.114 g/cm~3,同时,玻璃的介电常数也有一定程度的下降。     

γ-Al_2O_3转化为α-Al_2O_3的热力学分析

γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3都是氧化铝的重要存在形式,都是催化剂的常用载体。γ-Al2O3在热力学上是不稳定的,经高温焙烧或研磨等可以转化为α-Al2O3。采用业界公认的热力学数据,首次对γ-Al2O3转化为α-Al2O3的热力学进行了分析。结果表明,在298.15~1000K范围内,这种相转变属于放热反应,且随温度升高,放热量增大;同时其自由能变化小于0,但随温度升高,自由能负值越来越小。这是因为这一相变反应为熵减过程。     

Phase diagram of the Al2O3–ZrO2–Nd2O3 system

The phase diagram of the Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–Nd₂O₃ system was constructed in the temperature range 1250–2800 °C. The liquidus surface of the phase diagram reflects the preferentially eutectic interaction in the system. Two new ternary and one new binary eutectics were found. The minimum melting temperature is 1675 °C and it corresponds to the ternary eutectic Nd₂O₃·11Al₂O₃ + F-ZrO₂ + NdAlO₃. The solidus surface projection and the schematic of the alloy crystallization path confirm the preferentially congruent character of phase interaction in the ternary system. The polythermal sections present the complete phase diagram of the Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–Nd₂O₃ system. No ternary compounds or regions of remarkable solid solution were found in the components or binaries in this ternary system.     

Physico-chemical characteristics and CO oxidation studies over Pd/(Mn2O3 + SnO2) catalyst

The mixed oxide catalyst (Mn₂O₃ + SnO₂) prepared by the coprecipitation method has been impregnated with Pd metal and it's catalytic behaviour for CO oxidation reaction has been investigated. In the coprecipitated material, Mn₂O₃ and SnO₂ were found to crystallise at 875 K and 1175 K, respectively, which are significantly higher than the crystallisation temperatures of individual oxides prepared under similar conditions. Results of catalytic oxidation of CO, carried out using the pulse method for the mixed oxide system and the individual oxides, suggest significant synergistic effects between these two oxides. The impregnation of palladium metal facilitated CO oxidation and the catalyst Pd/(Mn₂O₃ + SnO₂) was found to be quite effective for CO oxidation even at room temperature. Further, the CO disproportionation has been observed on palladium sites in the temperature range 350 to 400 K for the individual oxide systems.     

Yb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped zirconia ceramics

A suspension stabilizer-coating technique was employed to prepare x mol% Yb₂O₃ (x = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0) and 1.0 mol% Y₂O₃ co-doped ZrO₂ powder. A systematic study was conducted on the sintering behaviour, phase assemblage, microstructural development and mechanical properties of Yb₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ co-doped zirconia ceramics. Fully dense ZrO₂ ceramics were obtained by means of pressureless sintering in air for 1 h at 1450 °C. The phase composition of the ceramics could be controlled by tuning the Yb₂O₃ content and the sintering parameters. Polycrystalline tetragonal ZrO₂ (TZP) and fully stabilised cubic ZrO₂ (FSZ) were achieved in the 1.0 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilised ceramic, co-doped with 1.0 mol% Yb₂O₃ and 4.0 mol% Yb₂O₃, respectively. The amount of stabilizer needed to form cubic ZrO₂ phase in the Yb₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ co-doped ZrO₂ ceramics was lower than that of single phase Y₂O₃-doped materials. The indentation fracture toughness could be tailored up to 8.5 MPa m^1/2 in combination with a hardness of 12 GPa by sintering a 1.0 mol% Yb₂O₃ and 1.0 mol% Y₂O₃ ceramic at 1450 °C for 1 h.     

Enhanced activity of metal oxide-doped Ga2O3–Al2O3 for NO reduction by propene

Effect of additives, In₂O₃, SnO₂, CoO, CuO and Ag, on the catalytic performance of Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ prepared by sol–gel method for the selective reduction of NO with propene in the presence of oxygen was studied. As for the reaction in the absence of H₂O, CoO, CuO and Ag showed good additive effect. When H₂O was added to the reaction gas, the activity of CoO-, CuO- and Ag-doped Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ was depressed considerably, while an intensifying effect of H₂O was observed for In₂O₃- and SnO₂-doped Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃. Of several metal oxide additives, In₂O₃-doped Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ showed the highest activity for NO reduction by propene in the presence of H₂O. Kinetic studies on NO reduction over In₂O₃–Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ revealed that the rate-determining step in the absence of H₂O is the reaction of NO₂ formed on Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ with C₃H₆-derived species, whereas that in the presence of H₂O is the formation of C₃H₆-derived species. We presumed the reason for the promotional effect of H₂O as follows: the rate for the formation of C₃H₆-derived species in the presence of H₂O is sufficiently fast compared with that for the reaction of NO₂ with C₃H₆-derived species in the absence of H₂O. Although the retarding effect of SO₂ on the activity was observed for all of the catalysts, SnO₂–Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ showed still relatively high activity in the lower temperature region.     

NO reduction by CH4 in the presence of O2 over La2O3 supported on Al2O3

Dispersing La₂O₃ on δ- or γ-Al₂O₃ significantly enhances the rate of NO reduction by CH₄ in 1% O₂, compared to unsupported La₂O₃. Typically, no bend-over in activity occurs between 500° and 700°C, and the rate at 700°C is 60% higher than that with a Co/ZSM-5 catalyst. The final activity was dependent upon the La₂O₃ precursor used, the pretreatment, and the La₂O₃ loading. The most active family of catalysts consisted of La₂O₃ on γ-Al₂O₃ prepared with lanthanum acetate and calcined at 750°C for 10 h. A maximum in rate (mol/s/g) and specific activity (mol/s/m²) occurred between the addition of one and two theoretical monolayers of La₂O₃ on the γ-Al₂O₃ surface. The best catalyst, 40% La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, had a turnover frequency at 700°C of 0.05 s⁻¹, based on NO chemisorption at 25°C, which was 15 times higher than that for Co/ZSM-5. These La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited stable activity under high conversion conditions as well as high CH₄ selectivity (CH₄ + NO vs. CH₄ + O₂). The addition of Sr to a 20% La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ sample increased activity, and a maximum rate enhancement of 45% was obtained at a SrO loading of 5%. In contrast, addition of SO⁼₄ to the latter Sr-promoted La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst decreased activity although sulfate increased the activity of Sr-promoted La₂O₃. Dispersing La₂O₃ on SiO₂ produced catalysts with extremely low specific activities, and rates were even lower than with pure La₂O₃. This is presumably due to water sensitivity and silicate formation. The La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts are anticipated to show sufficient hydrothermal stability to allow their use in certain high-temperature applications.     

The mechanism of SO2 effect on NO reduction with propene over In2O3/Al2O3 catalyst

An In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst shows high activity for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with propene in the presence of oxygen. The presence of SO₂ in feed gas suppressed the catalytic activity dramatically at high temperatures; however it was enhanced in the low temperature range of 473–573 K. In TPD and FT-IR studies, the formation of sulfate species on the surface of the catalyst caused an inhibition of NO_X adsorption sites, and the absorbance ability of NO was suppressed by the presence of SO₂, and the amount of ad-NO₃⁻ species decreased obviously. This leads to a decrease of catalytic activity at higher temperatures. However, addition of SO₂ enhanced the formation of carboxylate and formate species, which can explain the promotional effect of SO₂ at low temperature, because active C₃H₆ (partially oxidized C₃H₆) is crucial at low temperature.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

柠檬醛在La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的等温吸附

对柠檬醛-乙酸乙酯溶液中柠檬醛在La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上等温吸附行为进行了研究。结果表明,30 ℃柠檬醛在La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的吸附动力学符合准二阶吸附动力学模型,吸附动力学方程为：1/q_t=2.350/t+0.063 3(R²=0.998 5)。（30~65） ℃柠檬醛在La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的等温吸附符合Langmuir方程,温度升高使柠檬醛的饱和吸附量增加,吸附热为32.19 kJ·mol^-1。     

碳酸钠—过氧化氢—水体系相图的绘制

进行了Na2CO3-H2O2-H2O体系溶解度的测定并绘制成相图,最后对其应用进行了讨论。