微尺度催化燃烧过程中传质准则数分析

在微尺度燃烧过程中,由于在很小的范围内各种中间组分和燃烧产物的传质和传热过程以及化学反应过程相耦合,因此微燃烧室内部的对流传质问题比较复杂.基于金属Pt壁面催化微燃烧室的模拟结果,分析了燃烧化学反应过程中组分OH的浓度梯度、传质和流动过程的计算结果,并结合无量纲分析法,推导出传质准则数舍伍德数Sh的数学表达式,通过OH的截面平均Shx去表征微燃烧过程中空间气相反应的变化,并分析入口参数对Shx的影响及空间气相反应与表面催化反应之间的抑制作用.     

气溶胶污染物跨楼层传播特性数值研究—建筑热羽流影响

太阳辐射力和水平来流惯性力引起的壁面热羽流会对建筑表面的污染物跨楼层扩散传播产生明显影响。采用风洞实验和数值模拟,研究6层居民建筑在不同强度热羽流影响下,气溶胶污染物沿建筑立面不同楼层扩散分布特性。采用理查德森数Ri表示建筑立面热羽流的强弱。研究表明,建筑立面的热羽流对气溶胶污染物的扩散分布有明显影响。当Ri < 2.28时,污染物主要向迎风面近地面聚集,导致近地面污染物浓度较高;当Ri ≥ 2.28时,污染物向高处扩散,将引起严重的污染物跨楼层扩散传播风险。     

固着液滴蒸发研究进展及展望

固着液滴是指附着于壁面上的液滴,其蒸发行为及传热传质特性是喷雾冷却、喷墨打印等相变传热传质领域的基础问题之一。文中重点针对固着液滴蒸发过程所涉及的自身形态演变规律、气液固三相耦合传热/传质/流动特性进行了综述。结合毫微尺度固着液滴基本蒸发模式、热质传递形式、气液两相流动特征和界面输运行为,分析了液滴性质、壁面条件、气相环境条件等关键因素对固着液滴蒸发过程的内在作用机制和影响规律,提出了微纳尺度固着液滴（群）热质传递过程与机理的相关研究展望。     

热质渗透壁面饱和多孔介质通道流动与热质传递的数值模拟

利用数值模拟方法研究了多孔介质中存在温度梯度、浓度梯度并具有热质渗透壁面时的受迫对流对传热传质的影响。采用有限容积法在同位网格上离散控制多孔介质内流体流动与热质传递方程守恒方程(即N-S)，对流项采用二阶精度的QUICK格式，扩散项采用中心差分格式。利用SIMPLE算法求解压力和速度耦合问题。利用所发展的程序研究了在不同孔隙率，不同的温度、浓度边界条件下，流场、温度场和浓度场以及Nu和Sh的变化规律。     

薄液膜二维表面驻波的流动稳定性研究

驻波作为薄液膜表面波中的一种波,其流动稳定性受界面热不平衡效应的影响。基于边界层理论和界面热不平衡效应,推导出沿倾斜璧面下降的在蒸发、等温和冷凝状态下普遍适用的二维表面驻波空间稳定性方程,从理论上深入分析了热不平衡效应、流体物性、壁面倾角和雷诺数对驻波稳定性的影响。研究表明：热不平衡效应对驻波稳定性的影响仅在小雷诺数下较为明显,在高雷诺数下,稳定性主要取决于惯性力和粘性力;流体物性和壁面倾角在整个雷诺数范围内均起着非常明显的作用。     

湿工况下平直翅片管换热器空气侧传热传质特性研究

建立了湿工况下2排叉排平直翅片管换热器空气侧对流传热传质模型,利用Fluent软件进行了模拟,通过编写UDF(User-Defined Function)添加潜热换热质量源项、能量源项。模拟结果表明空气迎面风速、相对湿度以及壁面过冷度对显热换热系数的影响不大,但会对冷凝对流换热系数产生重要影响。     

基于混合热格子玻尔兹曼模型的液滴蒸发数值模拟

采用格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)的单组分伪势模型与有限差分耦合的混合热格子玻尔兹曼模型(TLBM)对液滴蒸发过程进行了研究。首先,通过对液滴在方腔内蒸发过程进行模拟,验证了所采用计算方法及程序的有效性。随后,模拟了液滴撞击高温壁面后的蒸发过程,研究了壁面温度、液滴邦德数和液滴雷诺数对蒸发过程的影响。结果表明,壁面温度、液滴邦德数和液滴雷诺数的增加均会造成液滴撞击高温壁面后蒸发速率的增大。     

维医沙疗下股动脉双向流固耦合脉动血流动力学研究

【摘要】 目的 研究流固耦合作用下室内维医沙疗对人体股动脉血流动力学的影响,探讨维医沙疗对动脉粥样硬化成因的作用机制及对血管破裂的影响。方法 在室内维医沙疗实验中对年轻健康受试者进行维医沙疗研究,对受试者心率、股动脉血流速度峰值及内径作统计学分析;重构人体股动脉三维流固耦合模型,将正弦函数作为初始条件,用Fluent软件分别对沙疗前后血液流动作非定场双向流固耦合模拟,分析维医沙疗对股动脉壁面切应力及von Mises等效应力的影响。结果 维医沙疗前后受试者心率平均值分别为（76.32±11.40）次/min、（92.69±16.09）次/min,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;沙疗前后股动脉血流雷诺数分别为1855.35、2518.43;沙疗对股动脉壁面切应力及von Mises等效应力增高的影响较为明显。结论 维医沙疗可增大股动脉血流雷诺数,改善人体股动脉血液流动状态,但沙疗后股动脉血流方式由层流变为紊流,很可能会导致血管瘤,因此对血管内壁较薄弱人群要控制埋沙时间、埋沙厚度及温度。维医沙疗可增高壁面切应力,对预防动脉壁增厚引起的动脉粥样硬化及血栓形成有一定的积极作用。维医沙疗后von Mises等效应力明显增加可加大股动脉在分叉部分破裂可能,沙疗时需谨慎。

     

秦岭山区民居冬季室内热环境测试

为考察秦岭山地民居冬季室内热舒适状况,选取当地典型二层生土和砖砌民居作为研究对象,对其冬季室内温度、相对湿度、室内照度和壁面温度进行现场测试并记录室外温湿度与太阳辐射强度.通过对测试数据分析,给出了不同外围护材料下民居室内热环境的定量评价,在此基础上提出改进其室内热环境的建议.     

刚性壁面法向振动对流动换热的影响

采用理论推导与数值模拟结合的方法,通过求解流动方程及能量方程得到壁面法向振动下流体流动特性变化规律,并分析振动对换热的影响.结果表明:层流状态下,低强度振动使壁面附近流体质点产生法向速度,但影响范围很小,对换热影响有限;随着振动强度的增大,流场逐渐转变为湍流,导致换热系数提升.通过数值模拟计算壁面平均努塞尔数随振动强度...     

Nonlinear coupling between thermal mass and natural ventilation in buildings

An ideal naturally ventilated building model that allows a theoretical study of the effect of thermal mass associating with the non-linear coupling between the airflow rate and the indoor air temperature is proposed. When the ventilation rate is constant, both the phase shift and fluctuation of the indoor temperature are determined by the time constant of the system and the dimensionless convective heat transfer number. When the ventilation rate is a function of indoor and outdoor air temperature difference, the thermal mass number and the convective heat transfer air change parameter are suggested. The new thermal mass number measures the capacity of heat storage, rather than the amount of thermal mass. The analyses and numerical results show that the non-linearity of the system does neither change the periodic behaviour of the system, nor the behaviour of phase shift of the indoor air temperature when a periodic outdoor air temperature profile is considered. The maximum indoor air temperature phase shift induced by the direct outdoor air supply without control is 6 h.     

On the applicability of the heat and mass transfer analogy in indoor air flows

The heat and mass transfer analogy is used in building simulation to convert heat transfer coefficients into mass transfer coefficients. The analogy is valid under strict conditions. In this paper CFD is used to investigate the accuracy of the analogy for indoor air flows when not all these conditions are met. CFD simulations confirm the possibility of applying the analogy to indoor air flows and show that when not all conditions are met, the average mass transfer coefficients remain well predicted by the analogy while the prediction of local transfer coefficients can result in large errors.     

Frosting of heat pump with heat recovery facility

This paper aims to prolong the heat pump frost time and reduce its growth with heat recovery facility, which should mix the exhausted indoor and outdoor air before entering the evaporator. An ideal mathematic model is developed for heat transfer, frost generation and airside pressure drop. The properties of the mixture would be obtained by solving the mass and energy conservation equations. A parametric analysis is performed to investigate the effects of air inlet temperature, relative humidity and air mass flow rate on total heat transfer coefficient, frost thickness and airside pressure drop, respectively. The results show that rationalizing the ratio of indoor and outdoor air could prolong frosting time and reduce the frost thickness greatly. The total heat transfer coefficient, frost thickness and airside pressure drop increase monotonically with time going, but are not proportional. Decreasing the mixture inlet air temperature and relative humidity could essentially reduce frost growth on the tube surfaces. This can also be observed when increasing the air mass flow rate.     

Double diffusive natural convection in an enclosure filled with a step type porous layer: Non-Darcy flow

The double diffusive natural convection between a saturated porous layer and an overlying fluid layer in an enclosure has been investigated using the non-Darcy flow model. The problem has been investigated for two cases; namely case I where the interface between fluid and porous layer is horizontal, and case II where the interface contains a step that has a height a. The fluid flow and heat and mass transfer has been investigated for different values of the step height and the Rayleigh and Darcy numbers. The results show that the height of the step at the interface has a significant effect on the flow field and heat and mass transfer from the left-hand to the right-hand walls in the composite enclosure. This is very important for insulation problems and for heat and mass blockage in enclosure systems.     

Exact solutions of double diffusive convection in cylindrical coordinates with Le = 1

The unsteady geometrical 2D governing equation set for the double diffusive convection—a very complicated nonlinear partial differential equation set with 4 variables—is solved analytically in the cylindrical coordinates. Two special exact solutions describing the convection in a cylindrical tube and a circular tube respectively are derived with an extraordinary method of separating variables and some other skills. The solutions are valuable for the development of heat and mass transfer theory. Moreover, as benchmark solutions, they are very useful for the computational heat and mass transfer to check the accuracy, convergence and effectiveness of various numerical computation methods.     

Modelling the thermal performance of earth-to-air heat exchangers

A new complete numerical model for the prediction of thermal performance of the earth-to-air heat exchangers is presented. The model describes the simultaneous heat and mass transfer inside the tube and into the soil accounting for the soil natural thermal stratification. The model is validated against an extensive set of experimental data and it is found accurate. The proposed algorithms are suitable for the calculation of the temperature and humidity variation of the circulating air and for the temperature and humidity distribution inside the ground. The presented model was developed within the TRNSYS environment and can be easily coupled with building or greenhouse simulation codes in order to describe the impact of the earth-to-air heat exchangers to indoor environments.     

Double-diffusive natural convection in a fluid saturated porous cavity with a freely convecting wall

Double — diffusive natural convection in fluid saturated porous medium has been investigated using a generalised porous medium model. One of the vertical walls of the porous cavity considered is subjected to convective heat and mass transfer conditions. The results show that the flow, heat and mass transfer become sensitive to applied mass transfer coefficient in both the Darcy and non-Darcy flow regimes. It is also observed that the Sherwood number approaches a constant value as the solutal Biot number increases.     

Field synergy analysis and optimization of decontamination ventilation designs

The field synergy principle has been validated to be an effective tool for enhancing convective heat transfer capability. Since convective mass transfer is analogous to convective heat transfer, the field synergy principle has been extended to convective mass transfer analyses to enhance the overall decontamination rate of indoor ventilation systems. According to the field synergy principle, the overall decontamination capability and the utilization efficiency of the air are both influenced by the synergy between the velocity vectors and the contaminant concentration gradients. Furthermore, in order to derive a method to improve the synergy based on the essence of convective mass transfer, the mass transfer potential capacity dissipation function is defined, and then the convective mass transfer field synergy equation is obtained by seeking the extremum of the mass transfer potential capacity dissipation function for a set of specified constraints. The convective mass transfer field synergy equation can be solved to find the optimized air velocity distribution to increase the field synergy and the overall decontamination capability. The optimized air velocity field provides guidance for optimizing ventilation system designs.     

Double diffusive LTNE porous convection with Cattaneo effects in the solid

The impact of Cattaneo heat flux law in the solid on the onset of double‐diffusive Darcy porous convection with local thermal nonequilibrium temperatures is investigated. The Fourier law of heat transfer is invoked for the fluid, whereas the Cattaneo heat flux law used to transfer heat in solid skeleton alters the temperature equation from parabolic to hyperbolic. The results are obtained for porous skeletons of aluminum and copper oxides. Both Cattaneo and solute concentration effects reinforce in controlling the onset of oscillatory convection and some novel consequences are observed. Compared with the results perceived in the absence of solute concentration, a manifestation of oscillatory convection with scaled‐interphase heat transfer coefficient as well as solid thermal relaxation time parameter initiates earlier in its presence. The effect of increasing interphase heat transfer coefficient and the Lewis number is to delay and hasten the onset of stationary and oscillatory convection. Besides, the increase in the value of solid thermal relaxation time parameter advances the oscillatory onset. Although the increase in the solute Darcy–Rayleigh number is to delay the stationary onset, it shows a twofold behavior on the onset of oscillatory convection. Before the onset of oscillatory convection, the size of the convection cell gets narrower and after which it becomes much wider. The existing results are retrieved as limiting cases from the current study.     

Effect of laser radiation upon heat and mass transfer in two-component elastic semitransparent layer

In present paper the effect of the correlation between spectral radiative characteristics of different lasers and absorptive characteristics of laser irradiated two-component elastic semitransparent material upon coupled thermal, diffusive and elastic processes in the layer is examined. Irradiated material is supposed to consist of elastic matrix and gaseous admixture. Investigations are carried out within the model applied early to the study of mentioned coupled processes in the layer subjected to thermal infrared radiation. Calculations were carried out for four different infrared lasers. Peculiarities of heat and admixture mass transfer caused by laser irradiation are established and discussed.