二维阵列换能器声辐射力分布的计算分析

利用角谱理论得到了圆形活塞换能器阵元组阵后作用在平面悬浮物体上的声辐射力分布公式。通过数值仿真,分析了换能器频率、阵元间距以及阵元数目对声辐射力分布的影响。计算结果表明,换能器组阵使得声辐射力分布的指向性变窄,强度增强;随着换能器频率的提高、阵元间距的增大以及阵元数目的增多,声辐射力分布的主瓣更尖锐,但阵元间距的增大会使声辐射力分布的旁瓣增高。为了改善声辐射力的空间分布,采用伪逆矩阵算法,以能量增益为目标函数,通过调节换能器阵元表面振动速度的幅值和相位来形成多焦点的声辐射力分布,为阵列换能器声辐射力分布的调控和声悬浮稳定性的研究提供帮助。     

聚焦超声的辐射力计算与高强度聚焦超声功率测量实验

研究聚焦超声场的辐射力计算。应用几何声学方法,推导了聚焦超声作用于测试靶上的辐射力通用公式,讨论了全反射靶和全吸收靶上的辐射力。最后给出了应用辐射力法测量高强度聚焦超声装置的声功率的实例,其结果与良热法测得的声功率接近,偏差不大于3%。     

聚焦超声的辐射力计算与高强度聚焦超声功率测量实验

本文研究聚焦超声场的辐射力计算，应用几何声学方法，推导了聚焦超声作用于测试靶上的辐射力的通用公式，讨论全反射靶和全吸收靶上的辐射力，最后给出了应用辐射力法测量高强度聚焦超声装置的声功率的实例，其结果与量热法测量的声功率接近，偏差不大于３％。     

线阵相控换能器阵列参数对聚焦性能的影响分析

针对超声相控阵检测中广泛使用的一维线阵换能器,通过建立其声场数学模型和引入指向性函数,仿真分析了阵列参数对声束聚焦性能的影响,提出了改善换能器声场性能的措施。最后对优化参数的阵列换能器声场进行实验测试,测试结果表明其具有良好的声束聚焦性能,为超声相控阵缺陷检测中换能器的选择提供了参考。     

辐射力天平法测量相控阵超声换能器的声功率

超声换能器相控阵已用于聚焦超声治疗的研究和应用已有20多年历史,但其声功率P的测量仍缺乏方便有效简易的测量方法。文章旨在提出一种基于凸球面吸收靶的辐射力天平（Radiation Force Balance,RFB）方法,测量其声功率。理论推导了这种RFB在各种阵元组合下的比值r=P/cF（c为水中声速,F为阵的声束轴方向的总辐射力）。论述了测量各种组合的发射声功率的实施方法和测量程序。为实际的测量系统设计和应用建立了良好的工作基础。     

动态聚焦超声换能器的研究与设计

介绍了为超声激活血卟啉抗肿瘤效应而研究的动态聚焦超声换能器。它是由６个等间距，等宽度的同心圆环和１个中心圆片组成的７元平面 能器阵。通过改变辐射孔径和每个阵元电激励信号的延迟时间，实现动态聚焦衣在各聚焦处声强度一致，导出了聚焦声场声压分布表达式，并设计出换能器的具体结构参数。     

基于水平分置线性双阵列的超声全聚焦成像方法在粗晶材料检测中的应用

针对粗晶材料超声检测信噪比低的问题,提出了一种水平分置线性双阵列超声成像方法。将两个线阵超声换能器沿直线水平分置在待检区域表面两侧,用收发分离的信号采集模式,一侧激发,另一侧记录各通道数据,进行聚焦成像。相比单阵列和同位置双线阵检测,文中的方法有效地减少了背向散射信号对缺陷信号的干扰,提高了成像信噪比。在粗晶铜质试块上的成像实验结果表明,当缺陷距离阵列较近时,文中的方法优于单阵列和同位置双线阵方法,成像信噪比提高约5～10 dB;当缺陷距离阵列较远时,单阵列模式和同位置双线阵检测方法失效,但文中的方法依然可以识别缺陷。文中的研究为粗晶材料的超声检测提供了一种可行的方案。     

换能器组阵对声场指向性的影响

根据点声源的声场指向性函数,推导出了考虑换能器振动面积时单个超声波换能器的指向性函数和由其组成的矩形阵列的指向性函数,研究了单个超声波换能器和其组成阵列的指向性。计算分析了阵元面积、阵元间距及阵元数目对超声波换能器阵列指向性的影响,为高指向性噪声的控制和声武器对抗提供帮助。     

基于梅花阵列的复合材料全方位冲击定位方法

针对一维线性传感器阵列的盲区问题,研究了基于梅花阵列的二维多重信号分类(2D-MUSIC)冲击定位方法。梅花阵列的布置方式是在圆心处布置1个PZT传感器,另外在半径为 R 的圆周上均匀布置 M 个PZT传感器,首先联合冲击信号传播到参考阵元PZT0和第1个接收阵元PZT1的时间信息估计冲击信号的Lamb波传播波速;然后利用近场2D-MUSIC算法实现冲击源的距离和角度的同时定位;最后,在玻璃纤维复合材料层合板中进行了冲击定位方法的验证。实验结果表明: 基于梅花阵列的方法能够对0°~360°的冲击源进行精确地定位,定位结果精度较高,其中最大距离误差为2.2 cm,最大角度误差为5°。     

各向异性单晶硅中声波时间反转自适应聚焦

1引言 在各向异性介质中,声波的传播速度与方向有关,这种传播特性会使聚焦声束产生散焦,研究如何克服这种因为传播速度各向异性而造成的相位畸变,具有重要的理论和实际意义.时间反转法(TR,time reversal)是一种新颖的聚焦方法,不需要了解介质的性质和换能器阵的结构就可以实现自适应聚焦.在时间反转处理过程中,用时间反转阵接收声波,并进行存储、时间反转后再发射,这时换能器阵各个阵元激发的声波将同时同相到达原声源处,实现自适应聚焦.近年来,这种聚焦方法引起越来越多的关注,Fink等在TR方法方面开展了大量而深入的研究,从理论上对时间反转法进行了论证,并开展了相应的实验研究.我们实验室也开展了水下波导介质和各向异性介质中时间反转法的研究,研制了一套数字式多通道超声成像系统.各向异性介质中声波时间反转法研究相当少见,在本研究中,选用本征单晶硅作为各向异性介质,研究时间反转法的自适应聚焦特性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from