锦西石化烟气轮机振动诊断分析及预知性维修

针对中国石油锦西石化公司100×104t/a催化裂化装置烟气轮机振动高的故障情况,充分运用了S8000大型旋转机械在线状态监测与分析系统,同时借助离线监测系统美国ENTEK公司的便携式数据采集器DP1500进行现场数据的采集,参照装置生产运行状况做出了烟机故障状况的诊断分析。通过正确的判断,及时停运烟机组。     

应用电磁式主动平衡装置解决烟气轮机转子的振动问题

研究在烟气轮机转子上装一套主动平衡装置在线解决其振动过大的问题.为了将主动平衡技术运用于生产实际,以某炼油厂双级悬臂式烟气轮机为例进行有限元分析计算,通过比较4种单平面和3种双平面平衡的效果,确定了主动平衡装置的轴向安装位置及其所需的最大平衡能力.最后,经数值仿真验证表明：利用该主动平衡装置,能有效地降低烟气轮机转子在工作转速下的振动.研究结果为烟气轮机转子上主动平衡装置的安装和试验提供了依据.     

烟气轮机运行技术总结

烟气轮机是催化裂化装置的关键设备,其运行好坏直接影响装置的“安、稳、长、满、优”运行及企业的经济效益。从2006年至今．前郭石化公司烟气轮机不断结垢。从结垢情况分析认为,降低烟气轮机人口烟气中催化剂粉尘浓度、减少炯气中蒸汽含量、保持再生系统操作乎稳可以缓解烟气轮机结垢;催化剂配方的调整、选型的更换是进一步解决烟气轮机结垢的工作重点。     

非接触式在线监测扭力计在催化装置烟气能量回收机组中的应用

烟气轮机是催化裂化装置的核心设备之一,其实际回收功率为各方所关注。这就需要做到便捷、准确地测量烟气轮机的回收功率,并可以在DCS上或机组控制系统上实时监测。KOP—FLEX公司的非接触式在线监测扭力计可以满足这些要求,其思路是将联轴器与扭力计做成一个整体,通过非接触式探头,检测联轴器中间节在传动过程中的扭转位移量和转速,计算出联轴器上传递的扭矩,进而计算出实际的功率值并予以显示。设计选用过程中应考虑安全性、力学模型分析、联轴器护罩应采用铸铝而不能采用钢板焊接、显示单元与DCS或机组控制系统的通讯联系、机组的安装找正对精度的影响、机组各单机定位时的轴端距离确定等问题。非接触式在线监测扭力计能够与机组其他监测仪表构成完整的监控体系,可进行新建烟气轮机性能标定、日常烟气轮机回收功率监视及突发事故的监测等。     

独山子一催化三机组烟气轮机改造运行分析

介绍了独山子石化公司炼油厂Ⅰ套催化裂化装置烟气轮机从1992年开始使用的YLⅡ-4000C型更换为2005年的YL4000F单级,2007年再改造为YL4000H单级的原因,分析了烟气轮机更换改造后的运行情况,提出了今后烟气轮机操作中应注意的问题及对应措施。     

YLII-4000J烟气轮机的振动监测与故障诊断

利用状态监测与故障诊断技术对YLII-4000J型烟气轮机的振动超标问题进行了研究。用CAMD6100动态监测系统对机组的振动进行了测试,并对测试数据、振动频谱和轴心轨迹等进行了全面分析;结合机组的历史状况和结构,找出了故障的原因,提出了相应的改造措施。机组改造后振动有较大幅度的降低,符合国家标准。研究结果为大型旋转机械的状态监测与故障诊断提供了有用的实践经验。图8表2参7     

YLⅡ-4000J烟气轮机的振动监测与故障诊断

利用状态监测与故障诊断技术对YLⅡ-4000J型烟气轮机的振动超标问题进行了研究。用CAMD6100动态监测系统对机组的振动进行了测试，并对测试数据、振动频谱和轴心轨迹等进行了全面分析；结合机组的历史状况和结构，找出了故障的原因，提出了相应的改造措施。机组改造后振动有较大幅度的降低，符合国家标准。研究结果为大型旋转机械的状态监测与故障诊断提供了有用的实践经验。图8表2参7     

湛江东兴烟气轮机改造效果及分析

分析了中国石化湛江东兴石油企业有限公司50×104t/a催化裂化装置烟气轮机存在做功不足的原因,即烟气轮机静叶片多且密,设计通流面积偏小,导致做功烟气量少。据此对烟气轮机进行了改造,改造后烟气轮机做功由改造前的2200kW增加到3800kW,年节约电费965.42万元。     

YL型烟气轮机安装运行中动静部件间隙分析

通过分析计算,指出了影响YL型烟气轮机安装及运行中动静部件间隙变化的3种因素,即由烟气轮机找正结果复查引起的间隙变化、暖机过程中出现的间隙变化、壳体受力超标产生变形过程中引起的间隙变化。并结合计算结果及使用经验,给出了补偿及预防措施,对用户在现场进行烟气轮机的安装和维护有一定的指导意义。     

兰州石化YLⅡ10000H型烟气轮机备用转子改造

介绍了兰州石化公司炼油厂140×104t/a重油催化裂化装置YLⅡ10000H型烟气轮机备用转子存在的问题。经过分析后提出了解决问题的措施,对备用转子实施改造。改造完成后,转子振幅稳定在50μm左右,机组运行稳定,目前已连续运转217d。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。