我国水生态足迹研究进展

生态足迹是评价可持续性发展与利用的有效方法,为对生态足迹的水域账户予以完善,介绍了水生态足迹内涵及其账户的不同理解,从理论研究、应用、影响因子及水资源可持续利用评价指标综述了水生态足迹研究成果,指出了基础理论、计算模型、扩展应用等方面还存在不足,并对其研究未来进行了展望。     

瑞典生物质能发展状况及经验借鉴

作为一个传统化石能源相对匮乏的国家,瑞典近年来大力发展生物质能利用技术和产业,实现了从使用石油、煤等化石能源到使用生物质能等可再生能源的转变,生物质能最终成为瑞典第一大能源,为生态环境和经济社会的可持续发展做出了重要贡献。文章概述了瑞典生物质能利用技术的发展状况,总结了瑞典生物质能发展的主要措施和经验,以期为我国生物质能的发展提供求同存异、因地制宜的方法和途径,也为推进我国农村能源革命和生态文明建设提供参考。     

重庆农村能源消费结构及现状调查

通过对重庆农村15个典型村社、599户农户的家庭用能的实地调查和分析，得出以下结论：重庆农村家庭能源消费以柴薪 秸秆 煤的混合型结构为主，其中柴薪、秸秆等生物质能直接燃烧的比例过大，全市农村平均达到83％，沼气、秸秆气等可再生能源及电、液化气、天然气等商品能的使用比例过低，该种能源消费结构不利于农村能源资源的有效利用，对农业经济的可持续发展、生态环境保护带来严重危害。     

南充特色的农村可再生能源发展模式研究

南充市在可再生能源发展方面成绩明显,主要体现在水电和户用沼气利用方面取得了明显进展,为能源结构合理化、生态文明建设和区域社会经济发展提供了巨大支持.但农村地区在可再生能源方面仍不能满足可持续发展的需要.通过对农村地区开发利用可再生能源的意义及发展可再生能源的条件分析,认为以生物质能为主的可再生能源的开发利用,是具有南充特色农村可再生能源发展模式的必然选择.     

中国农村生物质能消费的CO_2排放量估算

借助国际通用的CO2排放鼍计算方法,利用1996～2006年中国农村可再生能源统计资料,对中同农村生物质能消费的CO2排放情况及其空间分布进行分析探讨.结果表明,中国农村生物质能消费的CO2排放总量达到7.25×108t,约占农村生活能源消费CO22排放量的65%,占全国温窜气体总排放量的11.2%,其中秸秆、薪柴等传统生物质能利用方式贡献较大,可达98.64%～99.74%;中国农村生物质能消费CO2排放量的空间分布不均,四川、广西等省CO2排放量大,属超重排放区域,北京、天津、上海、西藏、青海等省(市、区)排放量小,属轻排放区域:区域生物质资源条件和经济社会水平是影响农村生物质能消费CO22排放的主要因素.     

2018中国农村清洁取暖高峰论坛在廊坊召开

<正>为贯彻落实党的十九大会议精神,推进生态文明建设,3月30日,由中国农村能源行业协会主办、民用清洁炉具专委会、生物质能专委会、太阳能热利用专委会和中国炉具网共同承办的"2018中国农村清洁取暖高峰论坛"在河北省廊     

基于太阳能和生物质能的半干旱地区农村生态住宅设计

针对我国半干旱地区太阳能资源丰富和农村生活用能紧缺的特点,基于生态学、环境学和建筑学等方法原理,集被动式太阳房、太阳能热水器、太阳暖圈一沼气池、高效预制组装架空炕连灶等多项技术为一体,提出了基于太阳能和生物质能综合利用的半干旱地区农村生态住宅设计理念,并对生态住宅的热量供需平衡进行分析。结果表明：此类基于太阳能和生物质能综合利用的农村生态住宅模式,年可提供热量68070．24MJ,完全可满足半干旱地区农户日常生活中炊事、采暖、热水、照明以及家电使用等各种能耗需求。     

植物发供电技术的研究进展

植物发供电技术是一种以植物作为发供电主体,利用电化学手段和植物自身的生理过程等,将自然界中的光能、机械能和生物质能等直接或间接转化为电能的绿色能源技术,具有节能环保、低成本和可持续的优点,对于基础科研和实际应用皆具有重要意义.本文通过对近年来该技术相关研究工作的分析探讨,综述了5类植物发供电技术的最新研究进展,包括牺牲...     

生物质能的多级利用效益大

农村办沼气,已经和多种经营、多级利用农村生物质能相结合.当前出现的良性循环闭合模式是:种植业(种植农作物、牧草)——加工业(磨米、磨面、粉碎加工饲料)——养殖业(养畜、养禽)——制取沼气——栽培食用菌——养殖蚯蚓——养鱼——肥料还田.这样把种植业、养殖业、加工业、农村工副业结合起来,互相促进.充分利用生物质能,既能增加产品、产     

天津市农村生物质能利用现状及发展趋势分析

在对天津市农村生物质能实地调研的基础上,对天津市生物质资源量及利用现状进行了分析,表明天津市发展生物质作为农村居民炊事燃料具有较大的发展空间;对当前天津的农村住宅生物质能源利用模式进行了归纳和总结,并对农村生物质能源在项目建设及管理等方面的存在问题进行了探讨。结合我国能源发展现状及天津市"十二五"发展规划,从新农村建设与能源规划的角度统筹考虑,对天津市农村生物质能的发展趋势、利用趋势及生物质发展与城乡规划布局的关系三个方面进行了分析和设想,表明生物质能在新农村建设中的积极作用。     

Sustainable development of rural energy and its appraising system in China

The local biomass resources have been used in rural China for quite a long time, which has a close connection with and will inevitably affect the environment. In recent years, China has experienced rapid economic growth and equally rapid increases in energy use, especially commercial energy, in rural areas. As a result, energy induced environmental degradation has also increased in rural China. This paper discusses the relationship between China’s rural energy and its sustainable development. It brings forward the index system for appraising the sustainable development of rural energy (SDRE), calculates the weighing of each index with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), puts forward the quantification method and provides the basis for the research of the rural energy for sustainable development in different areas and periods.     

Exergy based supply side energy management for sustainable energy development

Sustainability is regarded as a major consideration for both urban and rural development. People have been exploiting the natural resources with no consideration to the effects—both short term (environmental) and long term (resource crunch). It is felt that knowledge and technology have not been used optimistically. The urban areas depend to a large extent on commercial energy sources. The rural areas use non-commercial sources like firewood, agricultural wastes. Even this is decreasing over the years, with the villagers wanting to adopt the ready to use sophisticated technology. The debate now is to identify a suitable via media. The option that fills this gap aptly is the renewable energy source. Though it is often argued that the link between renewable energy and sustainability is only theoretical and academical rather than practical, it must be realised that in the long run renewable energy is the only option that could meet the growing energy needs. An attempt has been made here to analyse the supply side management of energy resources contrary to demand side management which is followed now. The results reveal that exergy destruction is reduced thus increasing the returns and paving the way for sustainable development.     

农村可再生能源适用技术的经济性分析

在农村和城市能源消费模式有很大的区别,在城市能源消费具有相当的密集性,而大部分可再生能源由于其资源密集度较低以及市场竞争能力不足不适宜在城市应用,但在农村则不会造成很大问题,因为农村的用能密集度也不高。一些可再生能源利用技术在农村发展和生态环境保护中发挥了重要的作用,促进了农村的可持续发展。文章将以实例研究的形式重点讨论几种适用山区农村和平原农村的可再生能源利用技术的经验性及其适应性。     

Study on sustainable development of rural household energy in northern China

The status of rural household energy consumption plays an important role in farmers’ daily life, especially in developing countries or regions. Here, we review the evolution of the rural household energy consumption structure in northern China from 1996 to 2005. Studies indicate that the proportion of straw, firewood, and coal consumption in total energy consumption have remained at 88.8–91.0%, whereas the proportion of high-quality commercial energy and modern renewable energy is still very low. The main challenges for the sustainable development of rural household energy supply are an unreasonable energy consumption structure, low-energy efficiency, serious environmental degradation, a large gap in energy supply among regions, and difficulty in developing renewable energy. We suggest some countermeasures to overcome the obstacles involved in the sustainable development of rural household energy in northern China, from energy sources to sociopolitical policies.     

基于系统动力学的农村能源可持续发展动态模拟

运用系统动力学理论和方法,建立农村能源可持续发展的系统动力学模型,并将农村能源系统分为人口、能源供给、可再生能源开发、建筑等子系统。通过对山东省农村能源模型进行动态模拟,分析预测到2030年山东省农村能源发展情况,从而得出发展农村可再生能源、优化能源结构是较好的农村能源发展模式的结论。     

Household biogas use in rural China: A study of opportunities and constraints

As a renewable energy, biogas is not only an important part of the development of rural new energy, but also an important aspect of sustainable development in China. The development process and present status of household biogas, specifically the opportunities and constraints of household biogas in rural China, are discussed in this paper. Only about 19% of the biogas potential has been utilized in rural China. There are several opportunities for household biogas development in rural China, including the problem of rural household energy consumption, the availability of biogas fermentation materials, national financial subsidies, legal and international clean development mechanisms. Also, more research needs to be done in straw fermentation and cold fermentation technology. Training should be conducted to raise the level of biogas customers in comprehensive biogas utilization. Measures should be taken to improve the follow-up services and management of biogas plants. The information presented in this paper will be helpful not only to the sustainable development of household biogas in rural China, but also to the development of biogas in similar countries around the world.     

Re-thinking china's densified biomass fuel policies: Large or small scale?

Current policies and strategies related to the utilization of densified biomass fuel (DBF) in China are mainly focused on medium- or large-scale manufacturing modes, which cannot provide feasible solutions to solve the household energy problems in China's rural areas. To simplify commercial processes related to the collection of DBF feedstock and the production and utilization of fuel, a novel village-scale DBF approach is proposed. Pilot demonstration projects have shown the feasibility and flexibility of this new approach in realizing sustainable development in rural China. Effective utilization of DBF in rural China will lead to gains for global, regional, and local energy savings, environmental protection, sustainable development, and related social benefits. It could also benefit other developing countries for better utilization of biomass as a viable household energy source. This proposal therefore delivers the possibility of reciprocal gains, and as such deserves the attention of policy makers and various stakeholders.     

CDM potential of bagasse cogeneration in India

 So far, the cumulative capacity of renewable energy systems such as bagasse cogeneration in India is far below their theoretical potential despite government subsidy programmes. One of the major barriers is the high investment cost of these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO₂ emissions at lowest cost that also promotes sustainable development in the host country. Bagasse cogeneration projects could be of interest under the CDM because they directly displace greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to sustainable rural development.     

西藏可再生能源的利用与农村能源的可持续发展

本文着重介绍了地处青藏高原的西藏可再生能源资源的发展历程,分析了西藏农牧区能源利用现状、西藏农村能源可持续发展面临的主要困难,提出了其解决的对策,为西藏农村能源可持续发展建设提供了依据。     

中国西部离网光伏、风力发电系统优化配置与补贴测算工具

介绍了关于用可再生能源实现中国西部农村地区电气化工程的一个项目.项目开发了一个为离网光伏、风力发电系统的设计和基于成本的电价以及投资提供指导的便捷工具,解决系统优化配置与成本评估标准的问题,以实现离网系统运营成本全网分摊的合理计算,使西部农村可再生能源发电项目实现可持续发展.描述了此系统优化配置与补贴测算工具所采用的方法,以及该工具的操作步骤,阐明了此工具将在未来实施的偏远农村可再生能源供电系统项目中发挥的作用.