基于卷积图神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断算法

针对常规深度学习方法在直接处理一维时域振动信号进行故障诊断时诊断准确度较低的问题,提出了一种基于一维卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Network,CNN)与图神经网络(Graph Neural Network,GNN)的滚动轴承故障诊断算法(CGNN).首先通过一维卷积层对振动信号做自适应滤波与数...     

新型LeNet-FC卷积神经网络模型算法的研究

针对已有的卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network，CNN）在人脸识别训练中出现过拟合、收敛速度慢以及识别准确率不高的问题，提出了新型的LeNet-FC卷积神经网络模型。通过增加网络层、缩小卷积核等结构改进以及采用优化的对数-修正线性单元（Logarithmic Rectified Linear Unit，L_ReLU）激活函数，该模型在人脸识别训练的准确率达到了99.85%。同时基于LeNet-FC卷积神经网络模型设计了一个人脸识别系统。该系统在ORL人脸库的仿真测试实验中识别准确率达到了96%。     

基于一维卷积神经网络的自动扶梯机械故障分类研究

老旧扶梯机械故障较为隐蔽,定期检验不易发现,且对扶梯机械故障的智能分类的研究较少。自动扶梯振动信号复杂多变,数据量大,而采用传统机器学习算法对其机械故障进行诊断效果不佳。为实现自动扶梯机械故障的智能分类,在经典二维卷积神经网络的基础上,引入了卷积核的一维卷积神经网络,构建了自动扶梯机械故障的自动分类模型。首先为提高模型的泛化性能,融合凯斯西储大学轴承故障、东南大学齿轮故障和某大型商场自动扶梯梯级滚轮磨损故障的复合故障数据建立了数据集。然后用数据增强的方法对数据进行预处理,接着采用一维卷积神经网络,构建自动扶梯机械故障诊断模型。最后使用测试数据集对模型的分类精度进行了验证实验,结果表明该模型有着比传统机器学习算法自动化程度高、成本低、专业门槛低、步骤简单等明显优势,而且该模型能快速准确地对自动扶梯的机械故障进行自动诊断,实现了95%的诊断准确率,为下一步将该算法集成到检验仪器中打下了基础。     

基于大数据算法模型的电力运维故障诊断方法研究

文章研究了一种基于大数据的深度学习模型,将其应用于电力运维故障诊断设备中。该模型通过整合卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN）和递归神经网络（Recurrent Neural Network,RNN）,可以快速且精准地诊断电力设备故障,从而提高电力系统的可靠性和运行效率。     

基于深度学习的垃圾图片处理与识别

针对城市环境卫生提出的对市民生活垃圾进行分类回收的要求,考虑计算机卷积神经网络在图片分类中的强大表现,提出了基于深度学习中卷积神经网络对垃圾图片处理以及输出识别的新模型与方法。针对目前图像局部特征表达存在的复杂性,模糊性等不足,采用特征多层池化以及系统神经网络学习的方式进行优化。同时在ResNet101模型的基础上设计并构建了基于CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)算法的新模型框架,此系统模型也能实现端与端的实时识别。新模型提高了对训练样本图像信息提取的精确度以及图片识别的准确率,实验表明识别准确率平均提高了10%。为未来实现人工智能垃圾分类提供图像识别模型基础。     

基于粗糙集与神经网络的断路器状态监测

断路器的故障诊断对于事故后快速恢复具有重要意义,然而全面、准确的故障诊断仍是个难题。本文将电寿命和机械状态综合考虑,从而实现了对断路器整体健康状态的评估。其中机械状态的检测,提出了基于神经网络(Neural Network)并结合粗糙集理论(Rough Set Theory)的方法。实验数据表明,该方法提高了诊断的全面性、准确性和预测精度。     

基于矢谱和模糊Petri网的旋转机械故障诊断研究

讨论了矢谱融合技术和模糊Petri 网的相关理论,提出了基于矢谱和模糊Petri网的旋转机械故障诊断方法,建立了基于矢谱的旋转机械常见故障诊断Petri网模型。模拟实验结果表明：与基于单通道数据的诊断结果对比,矢谱和模糊Petri网应用于旋转机械常见故障进行诊断,可有效提高旋转机械故障诊断的准确率。     

航发喘振智能化故障诊断模型研究

针对航空发动机的喘振故障严重影响飞机安全运行的问题，提出了一种基于深度学习的航发喘振智能化故障诊断模型。结合喘振的生成机理对航空发动机传感器数据进行喘振故障分析，采用基于滑动窗口的数据预处理算法构造数据集和标签集；集成卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)和长短期记忆(Long-Short Term Memory, LSTM)网络，设计出针对航发喘振故障诊断的深度神经网络模型(1D-CLSTM);在所构建的数据集上，对所提模型与当下流行的深度神经网络进行比较。实验结果表明，所提模型对喘振故障分类的F1分数(F1＿score)、召回率(Recall)和精确度(Precision)分别达到了96.45%、95.48%、97.46%,优于其它网络模型。所提模型在时序信号处理与旋转机械智能化故障诊断方面有着较高的应用和推广价值。     

基于深度卷积神经网络的车型识别

传统的基于卷积神经网络的车型识别算法存在识别相似车型的准确率不高,以及在网络训练时只能使用图像的灰度图从而丢失了图像的颜色信息等缺陷。对此,提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络(Deep Convolution Neural Network,DCNN)的提取图像特征的方法,运用深度卷积神经网络对背景较复杂的车型进行网络训练,以达到识别车型的目的。文中采用先进的深度学习框架Caffe,基于AlexNet结构提出了深度卷积神经网络的模型,分别对车型的图像进行训练,并与传统CNN算法进行比较。实验结果显示,DCNN网络模型的准确率达到了96.9%,比其他算法的准确率更高。     

融合STN和DenseNet的深度学习网络及其应用

图像识别是计算机视觉的重要分支之一，具有重要的理论和实践意义。近年来，以深度卷积神经网络为代表的图像分类方法被成功地应用到各个领域。针对神经网络对输入数据敏感、训练时间长等问题，结合空间映射网络（Spatial Transform Network，STN）和密集神经网络（Dense Neural Network，DenseNet）两者的特性，提出一种新型网络结构ST-DenseNet。该网络能够对输入图片作不变性归一化处理，解决数据敏感问题的同时提高图像识别效果。在树种叶片公开数据集Leafsnap上实现了90.43%的识别准确率、87.75%的召回率和89.07%的F-Measure的实验结果，模型ST-DenseNet明显优于其他网络模型。     

基于谐波小波包的旋转机械故障诊断新方法

针对旋转机械的故障振动信号通常为复杂的动态非平稳信号,提出一种基于谐波小波包和Elman神经网络的故障诊断新方法。应用谐波小波包对信号进行分解,提取倍频能量特征向量,代入Elman神经网络,实现故障分类。通过试验分析及与BP网络的诊断结果对比,表明该方法在旋转机械的故障诊断方面具有显著优势。     

基于AC-CNN模型的过程故障识别

针对复杂工业过程中故障变量特征提取效率低,分类数量较少且故障识别率较低等问题,提出基于非对称卷积核(asymmetric convolutions)的卷积神经网络(CNN)的工业过程故障识别模型。采取故障变量重构对故障数据进行预处理;引入非对称卷积核模型对重构后的输入故障变量进行特征提取,提高特征提取的效率;根据CNN模型改进得到具有AC架构的AC-CNN模型,识别TE(田纳西-伊斯曼)过程故障的在线测试集样本,实验结果表明,所提方法对TE过程故障数据集的识别效果明显,验证了模型的有效性和优异性。     

An intelligent fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packer analysis and hybrid support vector machines

In this paper, a new intelligent method for the fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery is proposed based on wavelet packet analysis (WPA) and hybrid support machine (hybrid SVM). In fault diagnosis for mechanical systems, information about stability and mutability can be further acquired through WPA from original signal. The faulty vibration signals obtained from a rotating machinery are decomposed by WPA via Dmeyer wavelet. A new multi-class fault diagnosis algorithm based on 1-v-r SVM approach is proposed and applied to rotating machinery. The extracted features are applied to hybrid SVM for estimating fault type. Compared to conventional back-propagation network (BPN), the superiority of the hybrid SVM method is shown in the success of fault diagnosis. The test results of hybrid SVM demonstrate that the applying of energy criterion to vibration signals after WPA is a very powerful and reliable method and hence estimating fault type on rotating machinery accurately and quickly.     

Intelligent fault diagnosis for rotating machinery using deep Q-network based health state classification: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery have always been a hot research topic, and artificial intelligence-based approaches have attracted increasing attention from both researchers and engineers. Among those related studies and methods, artificial neural networks, especially deep learning-based methods, are widely used to extract fault features or classify fault features obtained by other signal processing techniques. Although such methods could solve the fault diagnosis problems of rotating machinery, there are still two deficiencies. (1) Unable to establish direct linear or non-linear mapping between raw data and the corresponding fault modes, the performance of such fault diagnosis methods highly depends on the quality of the extracted features. (2) The optimization of neural network architecture and parameters, especially for deep neural networks, requires considerable manual modification and expert experience, which limits the applicability and generalization of such methods. As a remarkable breakthrough in artificial intelligence, AlphaGo, a representative achievement of deep reinforcement learning, provides inspiration and direction for the aforementioned shortcomings. Combining the advantages of deep learning and reinforcement learning, deep reinforcement learning is able to build an end-to-end fault diagnosis architecture that can directly map raw fault data to the corresponding fault modes. Thus, based on deep reinforcement learning, a novel intelligent diagnosis method is proposed that is able to overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned diagnosis methods. Validation tests of the proposed method are carried out using datasets of two types of rotating machinery, rolling bearings and hydraulic pumps, which contain a large number of measured raw vibration signals under different health states and working conditions. The diagnosis results show that the proposed method is able to obtain intelligent fault diagnosis agents that can mine the relationships between the raw vibration signals and fault modes autonomously and effectively. Considering that the learning process of the proposed method depends only on the replayed memories of the agent and the overall rewards, which represent much weaker feedback than that obtained by the supervised learning-based method, the proposed method is promising in establishing a general fault diagnosis architecture for rotating machinery.     

基于改进深度卷积神经网络的轴承故障诊断

轴承为风电机组的重要且故障频发部件,传统基于轴承振动数据的图像转换的卷积神经网络(CNN)的故障诊断技术存在一定局限性。提出了一种基于改进深度卷积神经网络(IDCNN)的直接时间序列特征提取方法,依据采样频率将原始振动数据划分为单个样本,构建诊断模型训练数据集。设计了一种新型的深度卷积神经网络(IDCNN),自动提取复杂样本数据的故障特征,提高DCNN的鲁棒性和泛化性,并将IDCNN提取的高维故障特征输入到分类器中,从而实现轴承故障的智能诊断。对比实验结果表明本方法有效提升了故障诊断精度。     

基于卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

为了简单、准确地进行轴承故障诊断,结合深度学习理论,对基于卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法进行了研究;首先,选用了结构相对简单的LeNet5卷积神经网络;然后,对轴承振动信号原始数据进行截取和归一化处理后直接生成生成二维矩阵作为神经网络输入;接着,优选卷积核大小、批大小、学习率及迭代次数等网络模型参数;最后,应用sigmoid函数进行多标签分类;实验结果表明,该方法能有效识别正常状态及不同损伤程度下的内圈、外圈、滚动体故障状态,识别准确率达到99.50%以上水平;基于卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法不仅在一定程度上可以简化故障诊断的过程,而且可以充分利用卷积神经网络模型的优势实现高效准确地故障诊断。     

Faulted gear identification of a rotating machinery based on wavelet transform and artificial neural network

In this paper, a condition monitoring and faults identification technique for rotating machineries using wavelet transform and artificial neural network is described. Most of the conventional techniques for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in rotating machinery are based chiefly on analyzing the difference of vibration signal amplitude in the time domain or frequency spectrum. Unfortunately, in some applications, the vibration signal may not be available and the performance is limited. However, the sound emission signal serves as a promising alternative to the fault diagnosis system. In the present study, the sound emission of gear-set is used to evaluate the proposed fault diagnosis technique. In the experimental work, a continuous wavelet transform technique combined with a feature selection of energy spectrum is proposed for analyzing fault signals in a gear-set platform. The artificial neural network techniques both using probability neural network and conventional back-propagation network are compared in the system. The experimental results pointed out the sound emission can be used to monitor the condition of the gear-set platform and the proposed system achieved a fault recognition rate of 98% in the experimental gear-set platform.     

一种面向噪声环境中旋转机械故障诊断的多模态耦合输入神经网络

旋转机械设备是工业生产中的关键性设备,对其进行高效故障诊断,对于保障工业安全生产具有重要意义.传统的旋转机械设备智能故障诊断方法采取人工特征提取策略,存在依赖专家经验知识、特征泛化性差、特征完备性不足等局限性,导致故障诊断模型精度差,特别是在噪声环境下性能下降明显.对此,提出一种用于旋转机械故障诊断的多模态耦合输入神经网络模型.首先,利用信号分解方法将原始输入信号分解为多个子信号,并将子信号与原始信号成对组成二维矩阵并输入到神经网络中,使得网络能够提取其间重要的相关特征;然后,利用双通道并行的卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络分别提取信号中的时空间特征并融合,大大提高网络模型的特征表达完备性,实现对旋转机械设备的高精度故障分类.通过实验验证了所提出模型相较于传统故障模型具有更高的准确率,并且对于噪声干扰也有较好的适应性.     

An improved convolutional neural network with an adaptable learning rate towards multi-signal fault diagnosis of hydraulic piston pump

Hydraulic piston pump is a vital component of hydraulic transmission system and plays a critical role in some modern industrials. On account of the deficiencies of traditional fault diagnosis in preprocessing of original data and feature extraction, the intelligent methods based on deep learning accomplish the automatic learning of fault information by integrating feature extraction and classification. As a popular deep learning model, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been demonstrated to be potent and effective in image classification. In this research, an improved intelligent method based on CNN with adapting learning rate is constructed for fault diagnosis of a hydraulic piston pump. Firstly, three raw signals are converted into two dimensional time–frequency images by continuous wavelet transform, including vibration signal, pressure signal and sound signal. Secondly, an improved deep CNN model is built with an adaptive learning rate strategy for identifying the different fault types. Moreover, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding is employed to visualize the distribution of features learned by the main layers of CNN model. Confusion matrix is used to analyze the classification accuracy of each fault type. Compared with the CNN model without adapting learning rate, the improved model achieves a higher accuracy based on the selected three kinds of signals. Experiments indicate that the improved CNN model can effectively and accurately identify various faults for a hydraulic piston pump.     

小波阈值函数旋转机械振动信号去噪方法研究

从强背景噪声中提取出微弱的旋转机械振动故障特征信号一直是技术性难题。针对传统全局阈值函数去噪在阈值处不连续和存在恒定偏差的问题,提出一种改进的小波阈值函数分层去噪方法。首先对旋转机械故障信号去噪中的小波参数进行了筛选,然后采用改进的阈值函数,利用最优小波参数对振动信号进行分层阈值降噪处理。理论仿真和实测结果表明,对比传统阈值去噪方法,该方法能有效去除背景噪声,保留振动信号原貌特征信息,提高信噪比和减小均方根误差,适合非平稳振动信号去噪,为旋转机械故障诊断奠定了信号预处理的基础。