Microstructure characteristics of Ni-based WC composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding

To avoid low cladding rate and cracks of cladding layer, laser induction hybrid rapid cladding (LIHRC) has been put forward in the paper. The microstructure characteristics of Ni-based WC composite coatings at the different laser scanning speed were investigated. For low laser scanning speed, the growth of γ-nickel was characterized by coarse columnar dendrites and eutectics, blocky W₂C + Fe₃W₃C carbides, and bar-like (W, Cr, Ni)₂₃C₆ carbides were formed. With increasing laser scanning speed, the growth of γ-nickel presented the fine dendrites and eutectics, the only blocky mixed carbides were precipitated and identified as W₂C + FeW₃C + W₆C_2.54 carbides. With further increasing laser scanning speed, the growth of γ-nickel was characterized by cellular crystals and eutectics, the only blocky carbides were identified as W₂C + W₆C_2.54. Moreover, experimental results showed that the efficiency of LIHRC was increased much four times higher than that of laser cladding without preheating, ceramic–metal composite coatings detected were free of cracks and had a good metallurgical bonding with substrate.     

Microstructure and property of Ni60A/WC composite coating fabricated by fiber laser cladding

Laser clad Ni60A/WC composite coating was fabricated on the surface of Q235 steel by using 6 kW fiber laser. The morphology, composition, and microhardness of composite coating were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and micro‐hardness tester. The results show that in the process of fiber laser cladding Ni60A/WC composite coating, residual WC particles partially dissolve and react with other elements to form eutectics, which exists in the shape of lumpy, strip and spherical. The main structures of laser cladding are γ‐Ni, WC, W₂C, M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ etc. From the hardness analysis, the average hardness of the composite coating is four times of the substrate.     

Cavitation erosion behavior of laser-clad Ni-Cr-Fe-WC on brass

Laser surface modification of brass with an alloy-ceramic composite powder Ni-Cr-Fe-WC was studied using a two-step process, with powder preplacement followed by laser irradiation. For preplaced coatings of a few 100 μm thick, successfully cladding/alloying was achieved at a laser (CW Nd:YAG) energy density in the range 60-100 J/mm². Under proper processing conditions, the cavitation erosion resistance was increased by a factor of 9.1. This large increase was attributed to the formation of a Ni-rich matrix reinforced by precipitated carbides and tightly bound WC particles.     

激光熔覆微-纳米碳化钨复合涂层结构与性能研究

以微米和纳米级晶粒Co包碳化钨为增强相,自熔合金粉末Ni60B为粘结剂,采用激光熔覆的方法在45钢表面制备出微-纳米碳化钨增强Ni基合金复合涂层.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段对粉末和涂层的相结构、显微组织等进行了分析观察,采用显微硬度计分析了涂层表面硬度随成分的变化规律和截面硬度的分布曲线.结果表明,纳米碳化钨粉末的添加有助于改善涂层的熔覆性能和提高涂层的表面硬度.     

Ni基WC合金3D激光熔覆工艺研究

以正交实验规则设计3D激光熔覆试验来研究不同工艺参数对熔覆指标的影响,实验表明,WC添加量对熔覆层硬度、抗磨性影响最大,激光功率影响稍次之,激光扫描速度影响次之,送粉速度影响最小。对熔覆层组织分析表明,随WC添加量增多,更易生成CrB、W2B等硬质相,未分解的WC颗粒也越多,粘结相Ni枝晶越细小。激光熔覆Ni基WC合金涂层表面摩擦磨损特性表现为以磨粒磨损为主,塑性变形、粘着磨损和磨粒磨损相结合。     

45钢表面Ni/WC复合熔覆层的形成机制

采用真空熔覆技术在45钢表面制备Ni +WC复合熔覆层并进行阶段性取样,研究镍基复合涂层的形成机制。结果表明：在45钢表面生成与基体冶金熔合、WC硬质颗粒分布均匀的Ni基复合熔覆层。整个熔覆层由4 mm厚的复合层、1 mm厚的过渡层、20 μm厚的扩散熔合区以及250 μm厚的扩散影响区组成。复合层区由WC和分解形成的富W复相碳化物包围在Ni颗粒周围组成;复合熔覆层的主要组成相有γ-Ni固溶体、Cr₇C₃、Ni_2.9Cr_0.7Fe_0.36、Cr₂₃C₆、Ni₃Fe、Ni₃Si、Ni₃B、W₂C以及C等;真空熔覆过程包括：镍基合金颗粒达到熔点(900℃)前升温阶段颗粒间微烧结颈的形成、升温达到熔点(1020℃)开始的镍基合金颗粒熔融以及保温阶段(1060℃)的熔合扩散与WC颗粒微区位置的调整。     

45钢表面Ni基激光熔覆层的耐蚀性能

为改善45钢表面的力学性能和耐蚀性,在相同功率下采用不同扫描速率在其表面激光熔覆制备了Ni基(Ni35A)复合涂层。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和电化学腐蚀测试系统对熔覆试样进行组织形貌、相组成、显微硬度和耐蚀性能分析。结果表明:熔覆试样由熔覆层、结合区和基体3部分组成;熔覆层组织细密并与基体冶金结合,扫描速率过大时易形成裂纹;熔覆层主要由FeNi3和Ni3B相组成,不同速率所得熔覆层显微硬度均超过400 HV;扫描速率为500 mm/min时熔覆试样自腐蚀电位提高了40 mV。     

铝合金表面激光熔敷铜基复合材料涂层的工艺和组织

在ＺＬ１０４铝合金表面激光熔敷铜基混合粉末（ｗ（Ｂ）／％：２０Ｎｉ,８．０Ｃｏ５．０Ｆｅ,６．８Ｍｏ,１．５Ｃｒ,３．５Ｓｉ,０．２ＲＥ,其余为Ｃｕ）,制备了高硬度铜基复合材料涂层。研究发现,熔敷层稀释率随光宽度和扫描速度增大而减小,随激光束产大而显著增大;     

Optimization of Residual Stresses in Laser-Mixed WC(Co,Ni) Coatings

Strength of Materials - A ternary mixture of tungsten carbide (WC), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) powders is prepared to form ceramic-metal composite coatings employed for laser cladding of 40Cr...     

WC-氧化石墨烯/Ni复合熔覆层的制备及形成机制

采用真空熔覆技术制备了WC-氧化石墨烯(GO)/Ni复合熔覆层,运用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪观察并分析在不同温度下熔覆层内显微形貌的变化与物相组成。结果表明:在ZG45表面制备了组织致密、与基体形成良好冶金熔合的WC-GO/Ni复合熔覆层;熔覆层的微观结构组成从表面至基体依次是约1.5 mm厚的复合层、360 μm左右的过渡层、50 μm左右的扩散熔合层和100 μm左右的扩散影响层,其主要组成相有Cr₇C₃、FeNi₃、WC、Cr₂₃C₆、Ni₃Si、C、Fe₇W₆、γ-Ni固溶体等,FeNi₃、Fe₇W₆分散在冶金熔合带,扩散影响区主要组织为珠光体;复合区的物相尺寸小于界面区的物相尺寸,熔覆层形成过程中复合区的金属颗粒变化先于界面区,凝固时熔化不完全的颗粒表面长出团簇物(Cr₇C₃/Cr₂₃C₆),随着保温长大逐渐变成针状物镶嵌在Ni基固溶体中。      

激光熔覆WC颗粒增强涂层成形机理研究

利用两相流体动力学原理,讨论了含碳化钨不混溶颗粒增强涂层的成形机理,结果表明碳化钨粒子在涂层中的分布状态主要取决于熔池中的熔融主相合金材料的流动性,依据激光能量与流动性关系,建立了相应的物理模型,并列举了一个实验实例.     

Microstructure and wear properties of Fe–TiC surface composite coating by laser cladding

AISI 1045 steel surface was alloyed with pre-placed ferrotitanium and graphite powders by using a 5-kW CO₂ laser. In situ TiC particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coating was fabricated. The microstructure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, as well as dry sliding wear test. The results showed that TiC carbides with cubic or flower-like dendritic form were synthesized via in situ reaction between ferrotitanium and graphite in the molten pool during laser cladding process. The TiC carbides were distributed uniformly in the composite coating. The TiC/matrix interface was found to be free from cracks and deleterious phase. The coatings reinforced by TiC particles revealed higher wear resistance than that of the substrate.     

1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V不锈钢表面等离子堆焊司太立熔覆层的组织及性能

为提高1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V不锈钢的耐水蚀性能,采用等离子堆焊方法在其表面制备司太立熔覆层。研究了涂层的显微组织和显微硬度分布,分析了涂层的抗微粒冲蚀性能和耐水蚀性能。结果表明:司太立熔覆层与基体材料冶金结合良好,熔覆层组织细小、分布均匀,基体为枝晶状Co-Cr固溶体,枝晶间较均匀地分布着黑色碳化物,主要为M7C3和少量WC颗粒;司太立熔覆层的平均显微硬度(382.38 HV4.9 N)约为基材平均硬度(195.29HV4.9 N)的1.96倍,最高硬度值达到了421.00 HV4.9 N;堆焊第2层的硬度明显高于第1层的;司太立熔覆层合金的抗微粒冲蚀性能优于基材,其水蚀速度比基材小,在基材1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V上堆焊司太立合金能有效提高其耐水蚀性能。     

高速轮轨钢超声振动辅助激光熔覆涂层的滚动摩擦磨损性能

目前有关高速轮轨钢超声振动辅助下的激光熔覆研究鲜有报道。在高速轮轨钢表面施加超声振动辅助激光熔覆制备了铁钴基复合涂层来改善其耐磨性能,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)等手段分析熔覆层的微观结构、物相成分和元素分布,采用GPM-30轮轨滚动接触疲劳试验机对比研究轮轨钢超声振动辅助作用下激光熔覆前后涂层的滚动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层主要由Fe-Cr的马氏体组织、Co-Cr的γ相固溶体、Fe-Ni固溶体以及弥散析出的含MxCy(M=Cr、W)的碳化物、硼化物、硅化物等硬质相组成;超声激光熔覆强化处理后,轮轨表面的平均显微硬度分别为539 HV3 N和582 HV3 N,磨损速率分别降低59.1%,37.3%,轮轨试环熔覆层的抗磨损性能大幅提高,磨损机制由剥落磨损和严重的疲劳磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

刀具用W18Cr4V钢表面激光熔覆CoMoN/WC涂层组织与红硬性分析

选择W18Cr4V高速钢刀具作为测试基体,综合运用淬火与回火相结合的工艺处理基体。在其表面激光熔覆一层高硬度的CoMoN/WC涂层,实验测试分析各个回火温度得到的涂层硬度及其微观组织。研究结果表明:1)CoMoN/WC涂层跟基材达到了异冶金结合状态,在涂层内存Fe3W3C硬质相组织以及各类间隙态的化合物,使涂层获得很高的硬度。位于涂层中上区域存在大量的树枝晶与部分等轴晶,在中部区域形成了许多大尺寸树枝晶,在涂层底部存在许多小孔以及许多大尺寸的黑色组织。涂层形成了梯度硬度分布状态,相对于基体发生了硬度的大幅提升。三次回火+淬火循环处理涂层获得更高硬度;当回火温度上升后,涂层的硬度表现为不断减小。对试样进行高温处理后会引起晶粒的长大现象,同时减弱了组织细化的效果,形成了更多的位错数量。     

激光熔覆碳化物/金属基复合涂层裂纹的产生与控制

介绍了控制激光熔覆碳化物/金属基复合涂层裂纹的产生的途径，通过优化激光工艺参数，优选工艺处理条件，合理设计熔覆层成分，改善基体状况来减少裂纹源，减少裂纹的产生。     

WC加入量对Ni60自熔合金喷焊层冲蚀磨损特性的影响

在转盘式磨蚀试验台上,对Ni60 25%WC和Ni60 35%WC涂层进行了冲蚀磨损试验,结果表明:在加入量25%～35%范围内,WC加入量的变化对涂层的耐冲蚀性能的影响不大,两种涂层的冲蚀磨损机理主要是微切削.     

板状WC晶粒WC-(Co-Ni)硬质合金的组织和性能

采用真空烧结法制备了板状WC晶粒WC-(Co-Ni)硬质合金,通过XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究了Ni/(Ni+Co)比对硬质合金组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着Ni/(Ni+Co)比的增大,硬质合金显微组织中板状WC晶粒的比例逐渐减少,硬质相颗粒的尺寸逐渐增大且平均长厚比逐渐减小。当Ni/(Ni+Co)比过大时,硬质合金中硬质相颗粒出现了团聚现象,使其力学性能显著降低。当Ni/(Ni+Co)比为0.3和0.5时,WC-(Co-Ni)硬质合金的综合力学性能较高,这与其硬质相颗粒较细和平均长厚比较大有关。当Ni/(Ni+Co)比为0.5时,WC-(5Co+5Ni)硬质合金具有较优的综合力学性能,其抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为2 448 MPa、90.0HRA、21.2 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

Laser-processed composite metal cladding for slurry erosion resistance

Processes based on the fusion of applied powder particles to metal baseplates using a continuous CO₂ laser beam as the heat source can produce a variety of novel clad overlayers. In particular, the simultaneous cladding of a matrix alloy powder and hard-phase particles yields a composite surface microstructure in which the hard-phase particles can retain their integrity in a ductile matrix. These structures are potentially valuable as wear-resistant materials.This paper concerns the evaluation of mixed-particle laser-clad overlays for wear resistance in critical components of coal slurry pipelines. Emphasis has been placed on the microstructural factors influencing surface erosion by the slurry particles. Varying mixtures of hard particles (WC, TiC or MoSi₂) and cobalt-base alloy powders were employed.While the number of process variables was large, two parameters exhibited a major influence on the wear properties of the coating. These parameters were (1) the hard particle species and (2) the volume fraction of hard phase in the starting powder. The loading of hard-phase particles was limited to a practical maximum of about 65 vol.%. Hence the laser-clad overlays were generally intermediate in hard particle fraction between conventional hardfacing alloys on the low side and cemented carbides at the other extreme. The slurry erosion rates of laser-processed coatings was consistent with the particle loading, being higher than those of commercial sintered carbides but significantly less than those of precipitation-hardened alloys.     

激光熔覆添加碳化钨的镍基合金层的组织和硬度研究

为促进激光熔覆在金属材料表面改性中的进一步应用,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和电子探针微区成分分析,研究了Q235钢基体上激光熔覆添加有WC的Ni基合金层的特性及其演变,讨论了熔覆层合金成分和显微硬度的变化规律,力求得到熔覆粉的最佳WC含量.结果表明,当添加WC低于30%(质量分数)时,激光熔覆不出现裂纹;而当WC质量分数增加到30%(质量分数)时,熔覆层平均硬度增加,出现裂纹.在熔覆层中WC完全熔化并溶解,凝固组织主要由枝晶和枝晶间共晶组成,熔覆层呈胞状或条带状快凝亚稳的两相组织.