基于迁移学习的小样本齿轮箱故障诊断方法

实际工程场景中齿轮箱受工况、环境等因素影响,数据难以满足特征分布相同、训练数据充足等条件,如何在变工况情况下对齿轮故障进行诊断是故障诊断领域一大难点。为此,提出了一种结合Logistic混沌麻雀搜索优化算法(LSSA)与深度置信网络(DBN)的智能故障诊断方法,即LSSADBN。首先,将时域振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)转换为频域信号作为训练数据集,运用Logistic混沌映射对SSA种群进行初始化,采用LSSA方法对训练数据集进行DBN结构寻优;使用最优结构DBN对源域训练集进行预训练,并加入少量目标域样本用于反向权重调优,最终实现在小样本情况下对目标域齿轮箱健康状况的准确识别。实验对比结果证明,LSSADBN方法在模型调优阶段具有更快的收敛速度,且针对不同的目标域进行迁移时都具备较高的准确率,LSSADBN方法的研究对小样本情况下的齿轮箱故障诊断具有一定的应用价值。     

基于PSO-DBN的风电机组齿轮箱运行状态识别

为了准确监测到风电机组齿轮箱的运行状态以实现其早期预警,提出了一种基于改进深度置信网络(Deep Belief Networks, DBN)的运行状态识别方法。首先,利用粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)优化DBN网络的结构参数,运用最优的DBN网络结构提取样本数据特征。将特征通过多维尺度分析(Multidimensional Scaling, MDS)算法映射到低维空间,在低维空间内依据欧氏距离构建齿轮箱状态指标,结合状态指标实现样本数据标签化。再采用标签化的样本数据训练极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine, ELM)模型,识别齿轮箱的运行状态。结果表明,该方法的识别准确率达到95.61%,不仅深度挖掘到样本数据的特征信息,还通过构建状态指标为无标签的样本数据处理提供了参考。     

多频带频域深度置信网络脑电特征识别算法

针对DBN（深度置信网络）脑电信号识别率不高的问题,提出了多频带频域深度置信网络（multi-band FDBN）算法进行特征提取.不同频带存在个体性差异,它们对于分类结果的贡献不完全相同,本文利用带通滤波器将原始的脑电信号分成多个频段,再采用FFT（快速傅里叶变换）将时域信号转换为频域信号并作归一化处理,最后将每个频段的频域数据输入DBN进行训练识别.线下实验证明,相比FDBN（频域深度置信网络）算法,多频带FDBN的平均准确率提高了3.25%,且标准差更小,鲁棒性更好.最后,在智能轮椅平台上,利用多频带FDBN算法基于左右手运动想象脑电信号控制轮椅完成了"8"字形路径,证明了该算法在脑电信号特征提取中的有效性.     

基于改进迁移学习的行星齿轮箱故障自动诊断

传统机器学习故障诊断方法依赖专业经验选取统计特征,导致诊断结果误差较大。为此,提出了基于改进迁移学习的行星齿轮箱故障自动诊断。采集行星齿轮箱的振动信号,对振动信号进行去噪处理,利用深度学习改进迁移学习构建故障诊断模型,对采集信号进行分类识别,实现了行星齿轮箱故障自动诊断。结果表明,该设计方法下不同类型的行星齿轮箱故障诊断精度为96.09%,证实了该方法的性能良好。     

基于特征选择和深度信念网络的文本情感分类算法

由于人类语言的复杂性，文本情感分类算法大多都存在因为冗余而造成的词汇量过大的问题。深度信念网络（DBN）通过学习输入语料中的有用信息以及它的几个隐藏层来解决这个问题。然而对于大型应用程序来说，DBN是一个耗时且计算代价昂贵的算法。针对这个问题，提出了一种半监督的情感分类算法，即基于特征选择和深度信念网络的文本情感分类算法（FSDBN）。首先使用特征选择方法（文档频率（DF）、信息增益（IG）、卡方统计（CHI）、互信息（MI））过滤掉一些不相关的特征从而使词汇表的复杂性降低；然后将特征选择的结果输入到DBN中，使得DBN的学习阶段更加高效。将所提算法应用到中文以及维吾尔语中，实验结果表明在酒店评论数据集上，FSDBN在准确率方面比DBN提高了1.6%，在训练时间上比DBN缩短一半。     

基于FFT与DNN的齿轮箱油温数据预测

针对风电机组齿轮箱油温数值的非线性与相关性,为实现油温的准确预测,提出一种基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT)的深度神经网络(Deep Neural Network, DNN)的预测方法。首先,对油温数据进行时间序列特性分析,选择时间窗口对信息进行排列,然后对信息进行FFT并提取其高频幅特征,并把这些特征输入DNN模型中进行训练,最后对输出的结果进行评价。采用实测数据对该方法进行验证,并选用常见模型进行对比,结果验证了该方法的有效性。该方法可以在齿轮箱运行状态异常前预警,降低设备功能性的故障,减少风电机组故障停机的损失,具有实用价值。     

批量正则化DBN分类方法研究

针对深度置信网络（DBN）在微调过程中易受训练参数影响的问题,提出一种批量正则化DBN分类方法（BNDBN）。该方法首先利用DBN进行无监督学习以获得原始数据的高层次表达;然后通过引入尺度变换和平移变换参数对网络中间层的输出特征每一维进行批量正则化处理;并将处理后的特征输入到非线性变换激活层中;最后使用随机梯度下降法对仿射变换参数以及原始网络的参数进行训练学习。BNDBN方法减少了梯度对参数规模的依赖性,有效解决了因网络参数变化而造成的激活函数值分布变化的问题,提高了训练效率。为了检验所提出方法的有效性,选取MNIST手写体数据库和USPS手写数字识别库进行测试,通过与Dropout-DBN、DBN、ANN、SVM、KNN对比,结果表明,提出的方法分类准确率明显提高,具有更强的特征提取能力。     

特征联合优化深度信念网络的语音增强算法

针对深度信念网络（Deep Believe Network，DBN）模型泛化能力较弱，导致语音增强效果不佳的问题，提出了一种特征联合优化的回归DBN语音增强算法。该算法对语音和噪声不做任何假设。该算法分别提取语音信号的LMPS（Log-Mel frequency Power Spectrum）和MFCC（Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients）特征。LMPS用于直接重构增强语音，保证了语音听觉质量，MFCC作为辅助次级特征。将两种特征联合输入到DBN体系中对网络参数进行优化。这种联合优化在对LMPS的直接预测中加入MFCC限制，提升了模型对LMPS估计的泛化能力，更加准确地重构增强语音。仿真结果表明，在不同的信噪比环境下，与LPS（Log Power Spectrum）和LMPS单特征优化相比，LMPS和MFCC联合优化使增强语音获得了较高的PESQ和SNR，提高了语音质量和可懂度。     

基于深度置信网络的高分辨率雷达距离像识别

为提高雷达目标识别准确率,提出了一种基于深度置信网络（DBN）的高分辨率雷达距离像（HRRP）识别方法。首先利用受限玻尔兹曼机（RBM）对HRRP数据进行逐层无监督训练,根据对比散度（CD）算法更新网络参数,通过误差重构设计DBN深度;而后利用反向传播（BP）机制对DBN模型参数进行有监督的微调;最后基于该模型实现了HRRP的分类与识别。实验结果表明,与传统神经网络相比,基于深度置信网络的识别准确率及噪声鲁棒性显著提高,识别准确率可提高8.5%。     

EMD分解和支持向量机技术在风电齿轮箱早期齿轮磨损故障诊断中的应用

针对目前风电机组齿轮箱故障率很高,特别是对兆瓦级风电机组齿轮箱早期齿轮故障缺乏有效诊断经验的现状,提出EMD分解和支持向量机技术方法相结合的故障诊断方法,以行星齿轮箱为试验平台,充分利用两种方法的各自优势,对风电机组齿轮箱的齿轮早期故障诊断进行研究。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.