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1.
A new leg mechanism is designed to achieve optimal behaviour in both the stance and swing phases. The leg is designed such that its dynamics and kinematics optimally mimic those of simpler mechanisms, namely the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) and the double pendulum, for the stance and swing phase, respectively. Controllers based on the simpler mechanisms can thus be used, resulting in an effective control strategy that is simple and transparent.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

One of the most important missions for robots is to operate in severe environments, and these situations require robots to have ‘toughness’ which can overcome large shocks, degraded communication quality, unexpected condition, and other critical accidents. Although there are many kinds of approaches to realize tough robotic systems, developing a tough actuators is one of the key technologies for them. We focus on hydraulic actuators and attempt to develop a tough robotic actuator with greater toughness than the electromagnetic actuators used in conventional robotic systems. In general, hydraulic actuators have enough toughness for severe environments, but their controllability and lightness are insufficient for robot systems. Herein, we propose novel hydraulic actuators that realizes lightweight with a multidirectional-forging magnesium alloy and have high controllability by low friction pistons. Prototypes were developed to examine the fundamental characteristics of the actuators and compare the two approaches for the low-friction pistons: one is based on a packing mechanism using an elastic restoring pressure, and the other utilizes a fluid-bearing technology. After basic experiments, the prototype was applied to a robotic leg to verify their potential in actual robotic systems. The robotic leg successfully jumped 260 mm in height with 21 MPa.  相似文献   

3.
连续电驱动四足机器人腿部机构设计与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
柏龙  龙樟  陈晓红  江沛  陈锐  官渐 《机器人》2018,40(2):136-145
提出了一种四足机器人腿部的连续电驱动(即电机整周转动驱动腿部实现摆转跨步动作)方案,设计了一种具有由切比雪夫机构、五杆机构组成的2自由度双曲柄复合连杆机构的机器人腿部结构.分析了动物的足端轨迹特性,采用轨迹圆滑、无突变、导数连续的椭圆曲线规划了机器人足端运动轨迹.以规划的足端轨迹再现为优化目标,采用遗传算法与fmincon函数内点法计算得到了腿部机构杆长的最佳尺寸.在此基础上,建立了机器人仿真模型,通过Adams仿真分析了机器人腿部机构的足端运动特性,并研制了腿部结构性能测试平台.完成了单腿足端运动轨迹跟踪实验,验证了腿部结构设计方案的可行性.  相似文献   

4.
To improve the locomotion performance of legged robots, the swing leg retraction (SLR) technique is investigated in a hydraulic biped robot. First, the influence of SLR on the locomotion performance of the hydraulic biped robot is analyzed in theory and simulations based on an extended spring load inverted pendulum model. The influence contains three performance indicators: energy loss/effiency, friction/slipping, and impact/compliance. Second, by synthesizing three performance indicators, using unified objective method and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal SLR rate for gait planning based on Bezier curve is addressed. Finally, experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method. And, the results show that the SLR technique is useful to reduce the impact force, improve the robot's locomotion stability and make room for impedance performance improvement of compliance controller. This research provides an insight for locomotion control of hydraulic legged robots.  相似文献   

5.
自动化制造单元调度算法综述*   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作为未来先进制造系统的重要发展方向,自动化制造单元(robotic cells)在半导体和印刷电路板制造、化学电镀、钢铁冶炼和机械制造等行业获得了日趋广泛的应用。为全面总结自动化制造单元调度算法的研究现状,对自动化制造单元进行分类,在此基础上综述了国内外自动化制造单元调度方法取得的进展及存在的问题,并指明了其进一步的研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
星面探测仿生间歇式跳跃机器人设计及实现   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
柏龙  葛文杰  陈晓红  寇鑫 《机器人》2012,34(1):32-37,43
设计了一种面向行星表面探测的小型间歇式仿生跳跃机器人.利用机构学中变胞思想及齿轮-连杆闭链机构的力转换特性,提出了一种杆长可控的非对称齿轮-六杆仿袋鼠跳跃机构,对其间歇式跳跃过程进行了分析,并针对跳跃能力和起跳躯干姿态平稳性进行了机构构型与尺寸优化设计.基于优化设计结果,进行了跳跃机器人运动仿真分析和样机试验.结果表明,该仿生跳跃机器人具有非线性递增的弹跳动力、平稳的起跳姿态以及较高的能量利用效率,可通过太阳能供电、单一微小电机驱动实现间歇式跳跃运动.  相似文献   

7.
Detection and tracking for robotic visual servoing systems   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robot manipulators require knowledge about their environment in order to perform their desired actions. In several robotic tasks, vision sensors play a critical role by providing the necessary quantity and quality of information regarding the robot's environment. For example, “visual servoing” algorithms may control a robot manipulator in order to track moving objects that are being imaged by a camera. Current visual servoing systems often lack the ability to detect automatically objects that appear within the camera's field of view. In this research, we present a robust “figureiground” framework for visually detecting objects of interest. An important contribution of this research is a collection of optimization schemes that allow the detection framework to operate within the real-time limits of visual servoing systems. The most significant of these schemes involves the use of “spontaneous” and “continuous” domains. The number and location of continuous domains are. allowed to change over time, adjusting to the dynamic conditions of the detection process. We have developed actual servoing systems in order to test the framework's feasibility and to demonstrate its usefulness for visually controlling a robot manipulator.  相似文献   

8.
四足步行机器人中缩放式腿机构设计参数的选择   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了研制实用的缩放式四足步行机器,本文对在三维直角坐标系中用三个直线运动来实现足端空间运动的缩放式腿机构的运动空间进行了分析。用优化的方法得出了K_2=1和K_1越大越好的结论;并给出了较优的运动行程和驱动器的安放位置。  相似文献   

9.
Automated modeling of modular robotic configurations   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Z.M.  W.A.  W.J.  S.Y.T.   《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》2006,54(12):1015-1025
This research presents an automated method to build kinematic and dynamic models for assembling modular components of modular robotic systems. By comparison with other approaches, the proposed method is applicable to any robotic configuration with serial, parallel, or hybrid structures. In addition, it is object oriented so that each modular component is an element with a submodel and the overall model can be assembled from submodels subject to the connection constraints.  相似文献   

10.
基于能耗优化的六足机器人摆动腿轨迹规划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以六足机器人单腿为研究对象,研究机器人摆动腿轨迹规划问题.由于摆动要消耗能量,所以提出了一种基于能耗优化的轨迹规划方案.结合以D-H法建立的机器人单腿运动学模型和腿部位置、速度、加速度等约束,采用多项式插值法在关节空间对机器人摆动腿进行轨迹规划.在考虑直流电机有效功率和热损耗的基础上,通过遗传算法对非线性等式和不等式约束下的非线性规划问题进行求解.仿真结果表明,所设计的方案能有效降低摆动腿能量消耗并保证轨迹连续平滑.  相似文献   

11.
This paper presents a new uncoupled controller (based on a Kinetic Momentum Management Algorithm, KMMA) which allows a quadrupedal robot, whose operation is simple and fast, to run using a symmetrical gait patterns in a wide variety of scenarios. It consists of two tasks: calculating the lateral position and speed of the fore swinging leg when it next makes contact with the ground; and controlling the roll angle by mean of inertia forces using the stance legs.The KMMA provides the benefits of modulation and the synchronization typically presented in CPG (Central Pattern Generation) models. Furthermore, it is able to maintain the locomotion parameters (such as stroke frequency of gait pattern) when the robot runs in a highly disturbed environment, thus resulting in a lower energy consumption. Additionally, the uncoupled scheme of the leg makes the operation computationally cheap, thus avoiding the use of a Virtual Actuator Control or a Hybrid Zero Dynamics.The performance of the KMMA has been verified by means of co-simulation (using ADAMS and MATLAB) with a highly realistic model of a quadruped robot with uncoupled legs. The performance of the algorithm has been tested in different situations in which the following variables have been varied: frontal velocity, turning ratio, payload, external disturbances and terrain slope. Successful results in terms of stability, energy efficiency, and adaptability to a complex locomotion environment have been obtained.  相似文献   

12.
In seeking to develop a real-time, pyramidal imaging system for tracking and robotic visual servoing applications, inadequacies in the standard, commonly available kernels for directional filtering have led to the implementation of an alternative set of simple filters that combine to act as oriented edge-contrast operators fulfilling the familiar requirements for both speed and a highly localized response pattern. Although numerous edge operators, kernels and directional filters have been proposed, and low-level filtering is a well-established and mature area of computer vision, within the application described here, this operator set is proving superior to more established methods in efficiently preserving the response localization requirement while propagating the oriented gradient energies through multichannel resolution pyramids for further recursive processing. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the technique, the context of its development, and supporting empirical tests and statistical results. The evidence presented shows that the scheme provides a unified response to both step and line edge types, with acceptable performance in the presence of anticipated noise levels. The approach is pragmatic, of low complexity, and of general utility.  相似文献   

13.
Biologically Inspired Behaviour Design for Autonomous Robotic Fish   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Behaviour-based approach plays a key role for mobile robots to operate safely in unknown or dynamically changing environments. We have developed a hybrid control architecture for our autonomous robotic fish that consists of three layers: cognitive, behaviour and swim pattern. In this paper, we describe some main design issues of the behaviour layer, which is the centre of the layered control architecture of our robotic fish. Fuzzy logic control (FLC) is adopted here to design individual behaviours. Simulation and real experiments are presented to show the feasibility and the performance of the designed behaviour layer.  相似文献   

14.
为了适应灾害救援、资源勘探、野外侦查等复杂作业、复杂场景、复杂地形产生的特殊需求,文章研究了一种小型陆空两栖机器人的总体构型及其结构设计。首先根据该机器人要能实现陆地低角度侦查和空中高角度侦查的使用需求,确定该机器人要兼具地面运动能力和空中运动能力,其功能是地面机器人和飞行机器人的有机结合,据此分别探讨了一体式和组合式两种设计方案,进行了机构的构型分析[1]。在一体式构型方案中,对两自由度结构腿和三自由度结构腿分别进行了阐述与分析。最后综合对比了一体式构型方案和组合式构型方案,通过对优缺点的综合对比,得出组合式构型方案在功能性、实用性和稳定性等方面具有明显优势,为该机器人物理样机的研制提供了可靠、可信的依据[2]。  相似文献   

15.
Extra robotic limbs in a robotic system that are designed to augment and expand human abilities have received attention in the field of wearable robotics. We aim to develop a robotic system that is controlled by body parts that are not used on a daily basis in order to augment and expand human abilities. This paper presents operational learning experiments for manipulating a robotic thumb using the posterior auricular muscle, a body part that is not used in everyday life. In these experiments, reaching motions were executed using sensory feedback in the robotic thumb through a device that continuously displays its position. The experimental results indicate the proposed operational learning experiments improve the ability to contract the posterior auricular muscles. In addition, the results indicate the operability of a robotic thumb could be improved by acquiring internal models through repetitive operational learning.  相似文献   

16.
This study develops a face robot with human-like appearance for making facial expressions similar to a specific subject. First, an active drive points (ADPs) model is proposed for establishing a robotic face with less active degree of freedom for bipedal humanoid robots. Then, a robotic face design method is proposed, with the robot possessing similar facial appearance and expressions to that of a human subject. A similarity evaluation method is presented to evaluate the similarity of facial expressions between a robot and a specific human subject. Finally, the proposed facial model and the design methods are verified and implemented on a humanoid robot platform.  相似文献   

17.
Shipbuilding processes involve highly dangerous manual welding operations. Welding ship walls inside double-hulled structures presents a particularly hazardous environment for workers. This paper describes the “Rail Runner X” (RRX), a new robotic system that can move autonomously inside the walls of a double-hulled ship and automatically execute the required welding processes. The RRX robotic system is composed of a mobile platform and a welding robot consisting of a 3P3R serial manipulator. The robot is used to weld U-shaped trajectories located between two longitudinal stiffeners. The mobile platform enables traverse movements onto neighboring longitudinal stiffeners. The entire cross section of the robotic system is small enough to be placed inside the double-hulled structure via a conventional access hole from the outside shipyard floor. The overall engineering design process that led to the final robot solution developed is presented in this paper, including kinematic analysis data and experimental results for verifying the autonomous movement and welding performance.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, a robust adaptive sliding-mode control scheme for rigid robotic manipulators with arbitrary bounded input disturbances is proposed. It is shown that the prior knowledge on the upper bound of the norm of the input disturbance vector is not required in the sliding-mode controller design. An adaptive mechanism is introduced to estimate the upper bound of the norm of the input disturbance vector. The estimate is then used as a controller gain parameter to guarantee that the output tracking error asymptotically converges to zero and strong robustness with respect to bounded input disturbances can be obtained. A simulation example is given in support of the proposed control scheme.  相似文献   

19.
Z.M. Bi 《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(2):121-132
Existing ankle rehabilitation robots have the limitations of insufficient motion ranges and coupled translations. An improved spherical robot has been proposed to overcome these limitations. The forward and inverse kinematic problems of this new machine are formulated and solved; the dexterity of the workspace is evaluated and the workspace has been optimized with the consideration of the motion ranges of passive joints. The operation of machine has been simulated; it will be further expanded as a control program to run the rehabilitation robot.  相似文献   

20.
针对机器人控制系统中存在的建模误差和不确定性干扰,提出了基于神经网络补偿的滑模变结构控制。该方法采用双幂次快速终端滑模控制使得系统能在有限时间内快速达到滑模面和平衡点,采用径向基函数神经网络自适应地补偿建模误差和不确定干扰,并通过李雅普诺夫直接法设计权值更新率,确保了系统的全局稳定性,有效抑制了抖震。对两关节机器人的仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

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