Strengthening of steel–concrete composite girders using carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates

Strengthening and rehabilitation of structures is a major concern for researchers in the civil engineering community in recent years due to the aging of these structures and the need for effective methods of strengthening. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the behavior of strengthened steel–concrete composite girders using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) plates. Strengthening was achieved by attaching the CFRP plates to the bottom flange and in some beams the CFRP plates were also attached to the beam web. Two different types of CFRP plates were used being mainly different in the tensile modulus of elasticity. Shear stress distribution along the bond line between CFRP plates and steel was recorded and reported. The test results showed that using lightweight CFRP plates could enhance the strength and stiffness of steel–concrete composite girders up to 45% of the original strength.     

端部锚固CFRP板加固RC梁IC剥离过程非线性分析1

端部锚固预应力碳纤维增复合板(Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymer Laminate,简称CFRP板)加固钢筋混凝土结构目前最为常见的抗弯加固方式,为探讨端部锚固CFRP加固RC梁IC剥离过程的起始和演化,文章基于部分黏结作用复合梁理论,利用内聚力开裂模型模拟界面层的剥离过程,通过引入含残余强度的四线性黏结滑移本构模型模拟CFRP板与钢筋混凝土梁之间相对滑移带来的界面的变形协调和应力变形行为的非线性特征和软化特性,得到单一裂缝模式下中间裂缝剥离过程中相应的界面黏结剪应力,相对滑移量、CFRP板轴力分布以及加固构件整体荷载 跨中位移,荷载 跨中CFRP板应变的响应曲线,并与文献提供的试验数据进行对比。结果表明,理论计算结果与试验结果基本一致,可以反映端部锚固CFRP板加固混凝土梁的实际受力状态,为端部锚固CFRP板加固混凝土梁的受力分析和设计提供了理论参考。     

冻融环境下CFRP-高强混凝土抗剪性能试验研究

在我国北方地区,冻融环境成为了限制CFRP(碳纤维)在加固混凝土结构中应用的主要影响因素之一。本文考虑冻融循环次数、CFRP与高强混凝土的粘贴顺序等因素,对CFRP与高强混凝土的粘结性能进行了试验研究。作者通过一种简单易行的双面剪切试验方法测定了不同影响因素作用下碳纤维布与混凝土之间的粘结强度,在碳纤维布上设置多个应变测点,得到应变随其距端部距离的变化关系并作出了平均粘结剪应力曲线,分析了冻融环境作用下碳纤维布与高强混凝土粘结性能的变化规律。     

CFRP与钢材的粘结性能试验研究

与传统的钢结构加固方法相比,粘贴CFRP加固钢结构具有明显的优势。CFRP与钢结构之间的粘结性能直接影响加固效果,但是目前国内对这方面的研究还很少。从众多的粘结材料中优选出适合于粘贴CFRP加固钢结构的粘结剂,设计相应的试件,对CFRP与钢材之间的粘结强度和粘结耐久性进行试验。试验结果表明:选用的3种粘结剂可以作为粘贴CFRP加固钢结构的粘结材料,性能满足设计要求。对粘贴碳纤维布加固钢板进行静力拉伸试验,测量碳纤维布的应变分布,得到碳纤维布与钢板之间的粘结应力分布和碳纤维布的有效粘结长度。并与理论公式的计算结果进行了对比,二者吻合较好。     

Crack propagation prediction of CFRP retrofitted steel plates with different degrees of damage using BEM

Although carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials have proven effective in strengthening steel structures especially when used to improve fatigue behaviour, further study is required to investigate their effectiveness when applied at different stages of crack propagation in steel elements. This paper presents a numerical study on CFRP retrofitted steel plates with different degrees of damage using the boundary element method (BEM). The numerical results compared well with the experimental data, which demonstrated that the BEM is reliable for crack propagation analysis of CFRP laminate retrofitted steel plates. Finally, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of bond length, bond width, CFRP stiffness and adhesive shear modulus on stress intensity factor (SIF) values.     

FRP加固混凝土梁的有限元分析

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)加固混凝土结构是一种新型结构加固方法。在大比例模型试验的基础上,应用有限元程序对 T 型梁进行了加固分析,以研究 CFRP 布加固对混凝土梁抗弯能力及刚度的提高程度。分析结果表明,CFRP 布加固可应用于大型钢筋混凝土桥梁。     

外贴碳纤维布在混凝土结构加固中的应用

阐述了碳纤维布的性能及该材料在混凝土结构加固技术中的应用,结合工程实践总结了加固施工工艺和技术要点,并进行了检验及验收,证实了碳纤维布加固技术的可行性。     

碳纤维加固混凝土结构耐火问题的研究现状

目前碳纤维加固混凝土结构技术的应用越来越广泛,但是由于粘贴碳纤维的有机胶其玻璃态转化温度仅为100℃左右,在火灾下很快就会失去粘结力,使得碳纤维的加固作用丧失,所以对碳纤维加固混凝土结构耐火问题的研究就显得非常重要。通过对国内外相关研究成果进行整理和分析,回顾了碳纤维增强复合材料以及碳纤维加固混凝土结构耐火问题的研究现状,并提出了今后对这一领域的研究趋势,为进一步研究工作的展开提供参考。     

Accelerated ageing behaviour of the adhesive bond between concrete specimens and CFRP overlays

In this paper, the durability of the adhesive bond between concrete and carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) strengthening systems has been investigated under accelerated ageing conditions, i.e., at 40 °C and 95% relative humidity. Mechanical characterizations were carried-out on control and exposed CFRP strengthened concrete specimens, in order to assess the evolutions of the adhesive bond properties during hydrothermal ageing. Results from different experimental campaigns are presented and reveal significant evolutions (decrease in the adhesive bond strength and/or change in the failure mode) depending on various parameters, such as the surface preparation of concrete, the presence of a carbonated concrete layer, the nature of the CFRP overlay (carbon fibre sheets or pultruded CFRP plates), the ageing behaviour of the bulk epoxy adhesive itself, or the test configuration used to evaluate the adhesive bond strength (pull-off or shear loading test). Moisture diffusion from the superficial layer of concrete (i.e., diffusion of interstitial pore solution) towards the adhesive joint is suspected to be a key factor driving the degradation process during hydrothermal ageing.     

Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in shear by the use of externally bonded steel plates: Part 2 – Design guidelines

Existing concrete structures may require strengthening or stiffening in order to increase their structural performance. One method for providing this enhanced capacity is to adhesively bond steel plates to the concrete surface. The results from experimental tests conducted to investigate the transfer of stress through a steel–concrete adhesive bond by Barnes and Mays [The transfer of stress through a steel to concrete adhesive bond. Int J Adhes Adhes 2001;21:495–502] combined with the shear strengthening and testing to failure of 30 reinforced concrete beams (Part 1 of this paper) was examined. By combining the results from each section of work, values for shear crack angle, effective anchorage length and mean shear stress levels in strengthened reinforced concrete beams were determined. These values were then used to develop a design method. This method can be used to determine the contribution to shear strength of continuous externally bonded steel plates in both rectangular and ‘T’ section reinforced concrete beams.     

Strengthening of prestressed concrete girders with composites: Installation,design and inspection

The application of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or steel reinforced polymer (SRP) materials to the tension side of a reinforced/prestressed concrete member has been accepted as a strengthening technique to increase the load carrying capacity and in some cases can enhance member serviceability. Proper installation and regular inspection of a composite (FRP or SRP) strengthening system is important since quality of the bond is essential to internally transfer forces. This paper describes an experimental programme conducted to study the behaviour of six prestressed concrete bridge girders, which were tested under static and fatigue loading conditions. The test results were combined with the results of 16 other girders tested by the authors to develop structural design guidelines and guidelines on the installation and inspection of composite strengthening systems. The behaviour was also examined using value engineering to evaluate the cost-effectiveness by investigating the overall system performance. Research findings indicate that SRP materials are more structurally efficient than carbon FRP (CFRP) materials. The results of an inspection demonstration programme, including the pull-off testing of over 150 CFRP samples, has shown that the most effective inspection techniques are visual inspection, pull-off testing, and acoustic sounding.     

预应力碳纤维板加固钢筋混凝土梁施工工艺及试验研究

在研究已有的预应力CFRP片材加固施工工艺的基础上,利用自主研发的一套预应力CFRP板张拉设备,对6根预应力CFRP板加固混凝土梁进行抗弯试验,介绍预应力CFRP板加固混凝土梁的施工方法和端锚预应力加固技术的关键工艺,可为实际工程应用提供参考。     

Strengthening concrete beams for shear with CFRP sheets

The method of strengthening concrete structures with FRP composites has existed for over a decade; the most common way to strengthen structures is in bending, but also wrapping of columns is quite common. There are also needs for strengthening concrete structures in shear, for example concrete beams, slabs, columns, etc. A typical structure can be a parking garage. However, strengthening concrete structures for shear is not as common as for bending and confinement. This paper presents examples to strengthen concrete beams for shear. First traditional strengthening methods are presented briefly, then the use of CFRP (Carbon Fibre reinforced Polymers) composites for shear strengthening is presented. Tests on beams strengthened in shear with CFRP sheets are presented and a short presentation on how to design for shear strengthening with CFRP is given. Furthermore, a field application of a parking slab strengthened for shear with CFRP unidirectional fabric is presented. The laboratory tests show the importance of considering the principal directions of the shear crack in relation to the unidirectional fibre. The field application shows that it is easy to strengthen existing structures for shear with CFRP fabrics.     

外贴CFRP或钢条带加固混凝土双向板的受力性能及承载力计算

外贴碳纤维(CFRP)布和钢板补强技术已广泛用于加固钢筋混凝土结构,迄今为止,对外贴碳纤维或钢板的加固梁的研究已做了许多,但对用该技术加固钢筋混凝土板的研究还很少。为此,本文着重对受集中荷载的外贴碳纤维或钢板条带的钢筋混凝土加固双向板的受力性能进行了试验研究。并采用塑性铰线理论对该类板的塑性铰线模式和加固板的承载力进行了分析和计算。     

浅析3×20m连续梁桥检测技术

桥梁检测主要包括外观检测和荷载试验。桥梁外观技术状况主要依外观检查和无损检测数据进行评定;桥梁荷载试验分为静荷载和动荷载试验。本文针对连续梁检测技术,结合某3x20m钢筋混凝土连续箱梁工程,阐述了连续梁桥外观检查、荷载试验的主要程序,及等效荷载作用下桥梁结构的应力、挠度及动态效应。     

外贴CFRP加固RC梁正截面承载力的实用计算

依据《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010-2002)和《混凝土结构加固技术规范》(CECS25:90),基于平截面假定,考虑二次受力,提出了外贴碳纤维加固RC梁的正截面承载力实用计算公式,从提高CFRP加固RC梁的延性出发,推导了其适用条件,用结构分析软件ANSYS模拟了CFRP加固RC梁的荷载位移曲线,最后计算了正截面抗弯承载力值。理论计算与试验结果比较吻合,可供工程设计参考。     

预应力碳纤维板加固混凝土梁的粘结锚固性能试验研究

对预应力碳纤维板材加固混凝土梁构件的应用做了初步的研究,提出了应用预应力碳纤维板材加固梁构件的试验施工工艺;对施加预应力后的碳纤维板与混凝土结构结合面间的粘结锚固的可靠性和通过粘结锚固能施加到混凝土结构上的有效预应力进行了试验研究。试验研究结果表明,在研究并采用了一种简单适用的新型粘结锚固措施后,碳纤维板张拉力能有效地通过粘结和锚固将预应力加到混凝土结构上,能施加的有效预应力为张拉力的65%~80%,试验结果可为工程应用提供有益的参考。     

嵌入式CFRP板条-混凝土界面粘结性能的试验研究

嵌入式(NSM)加固法是FRP材料加固混凝土结构的一种新的应用形式。通过CFRP板条嵌入混凝土试块的界面单剪试验,研究粘结长度对界面粘结性能的影响。根据实测应变分布,得到沿粘结长度界面粘结应力分布,并通过计算分析,对局部粘结滑移关系进行了初步探讨。     

预应力CFRP布加固混凝土桥梁技术

由于各种原因,目前我国有很多混凝土桥梁需要维修或加固。近年来,采用粘贴CFRP布加固混凝土结构的技术得到广泛应用。为充分利用CFRP布的高强特点。对CFRP布施加预应力后,再粘贴于粱底进行加固,可以取得更好的加固效果。本文介绍预应力CFRP布在混凝土桥梁加固中的应用技术及其施工阶段的计算方法。     

叠合法加固混凝土结构的适用性和工程实例

既有混凝土结构的加固改造方法很多,如叠合法、粘钢法、粘贴碳纤维方法等。通过具体的工程加固实例,对比分析各种方法的适用性,以其为类似工程提供参考。