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非能动先进压水堆核电厂在严重事故下,安全壳可能发生失效,导致大量放射性物质向环境释放。本文针对非能动先进压水堆核电厂可能发生的早期失效、中期失效、晚期失效三种释放类别,建立百万千瓦级非能动先进压水堆的事故分析模型,分别针对自动卸压系统第二级卸压阀误开启,DVI管线上发生当量直径为4英寸的破口,以及热管段发生当量直径为2英寸的破口的典型严重事故序列,在研究事故进程的基础上,分析事故下裂变产物释放和迁移的特性,重点关注惰性气体、挥发性裂变产物和非挥发性裂变产物在核电厂的分布,最终计算释入环境的裂变产物源项。本文分析结果可为严重事故管理以及厂外放射性后果评价提供支持。 相似文献
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Yadir Torres Carlos García-Ostos Francisco José Gotor Juan José Pavón Paloma Trueba 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2017,54(2):167-173
Irradiated fuel pellets present radial gradient porosity. CeO2 has been proven as a surrogate material to understand irradiated mixed oxide (MOX) due to its similar structural and mechanical properties. A novel compaction device was developed to produce CeO2 cylindrical pellets with controlled radial porosity. Three blends of CeO2 with different binder contents (0.5, 3 and 7.5 vol.% of ethylene-bis-stearamide, EBS) were prepared and used to obtain three different porosities for the core, intermediate and outer rings of pellets, respectively. Different compaction pressures were employed in each region to get the intended porosities. The whole pellet was subjected to a heating rate up to 500 °C to remove the EBS binder. Finally, a pressureless sintering step was performed at 1700 °C for 4 h. A microstructural characterization was performed in the three areas, including grain size and porosity. Mechanical properties like hardness, fracture toughness and tribo-mechanical response, as scratch resistance, were also determined. Pellets fabricated from this device have shown microstructural and mechanical properties with a good correlation to those of irradiated nuclear fuel. 相似文献
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采用一体化严重事故分析程序ASTEC,分别对丧失给水事故(LOFA)和全场断电事故(SBO)进行了模拟。结合丧失给水事故阐述了Zr、Fe、B4C与水氧化反应的机理,比较了Zr、Fe、B4C氧化反应释放的氢气的质量、速率和氧化反应开始的时间。结果表明,事故早期氢气主要来自Zr的氧化反应,Fe氧化反应产生的氢气约占氢气总产量的10%。另外,还比较了LOFA和SBO事故过程中氢气的释放。结果表明,同一反应堆在不同的严重事故进程中产生的氢气的质量、速率、氧化开始的时刻以及堆内氢气分布可能有很大的差别。因此,在进行事故早期氢气源项风险评价的时候要根据不同的事故进程,具体问题具体分析。 相似文献
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使用MECLOR1-8.6程序对严重事故实验Phebus FPT3进行了模拟分析。通过建模计算,得到了严重事故过程中燃料棒的行为,氢气的产生,裂变产物的释放、迁移和沉降及安全壳的热工水力响应等相关数据。计算值与实验值的对比分析表明,燃料棒的行为、氢气产生的时间和趋势及安全壳的热工水力响应与实验值吻合良好。由于相应程序模型的限制,最终产氢的总量及裂变产物相关的计算值与实验值有所不同。其中,计算的氢气总量较实验值偏小,计算的裂变产物释放量和在安全壳中的沉降量大多较实验值稍高。此外,还利用快速傅里叶变换方法(FFTBM)对整个建模计算进行了详细的定量化评估。 相似文献
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This paper illustrates an application of a severe accident analysis code, ISAAC (Integrated Severe Accident Analysis Code for the CANDU plants), to the uncertainty analysis of fission product behaviors during a severe reactor accident. The ISAAC code is a system-level computer code capable of performing integral analyses of potential severe accident progressions in nuclear power plants, and whose main purpose is to support a level 2 probabilistic safety assessment or severe accident management strategy developments. The code employs lots of user options for supporting sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The present application is mainly focused on determining an estimate of the fission products in the release and transport processes and the relative importance of the dominant contributors to the predicted fission products. The key modeling parameters and phenomenological models employed for the present uncertainty analysis are closely related to the fission product release correlations, vapor–aerosol equilibrium, vapor–surface equilibrium for a revaporization calculation, and aerosol decontamination factors. A typical CANDU6 type plant, the Wolsong nuclear power plant, was used as a reference plant for the analysis. 相似文献
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在AP1000核电厂的某些严重事故情景中,安全壳可能发生失效或旁通,导致大量放射性物质释放到环境中,造成严重的放射性污染。针对大量放射性释放频率贡献最大的3种释放类别(安全壳旁通、安全壳早期失效和安全壳隔离失效),分别选取典型的严重事故序列(蒸汽发生器传热管破裂、自动卸压系统阀门误开启和压力容器破裂),使用MAAP程序计算分析了释放到环境中的裂变产物源项。该分析结果为量化AP1000核电厂的放射性释放后果和厂外剂量分析提供了必要的输入。 相似文献
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气溶胶模型对安全壳旁路释放类事故源项的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文开发了针对蒸汽发生器(SG)二次侧复杂流道结构的气溶胶沉积模型,并移植在核电厂一体化严重事故分析程序中。并以600 MW压水堆核电厂为研究对象,基于原模型与新开发的SG二次侧气溶胶沉积模型,对蒸汽发生器传热管破裂事故(SGTR)源项进行了计算,并对新模型对安全壳旁路释放类的影响进行了分析。结果表明,采用新的二次侧气溶胶沉积模型后将会有更多的气溶胶沉积在SG二次侧,新开发的SG二次侧气溶胶沉积模型导致安全壳旁路释放类中对环境释放份额减少26.6%~71.1%。 相似文献
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基于LHS(拉丁超立方体抽样)方法及Pearson和Spearman相关系数,通过MELCOR程序对600 MW级核电厂开展了全厂断电(SBO)严重事故下氢气源项的不确定性量化及参数重要度分析。选取电厂热功率、碎片床孔隙度、包壳中存在未完全氧化的锆合金时燃料棒能维持几何形状的最高温度、熔融物烛流过程最大流速作为不确定输入变量,经过对100组输入集的计算,最终得到了95%置信度下压力容器内氢气产量的统计分布及各参数的影响程度。结果表明:压力容器内的氢气产量在239~424 kg范围内,相当于34.5%~61.2%锆 水反应产生的氢气量,且符合正态分布;碎片床孔隙度对压力容器内氢气产量有显著正相关影响。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTRevaporisation of the fission products deposited in the primary circuit of a reactor was identified as a possible late source of fission product release during a severe accident: e.g. loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Subsequent testing has shown that revaporisation is very likely to occur given a breach of the reactor and is an important contributor for the source term release to the containment and biosphere. The first part reviews the revaporisation mechanisms of Cs and other volatile or semi-volatile fission products transported in the primary circuit that were derived from the Phebus FP and associated programmes. The second part examines the separate effects testing to determine the high temperature chemistry of volatile and semi-volatile fission products (I, Mo, Ru) and structural materials (Ag, B), as well as atmospheric effects that substantially affect the source term. Finally, it examines Cs data from reactor accident sites that is providing additional knowledge of longer-term fission product chemistry. The results have been summarised in the form of a table and schematic diagram. This accumulated knowledge and experience has important applications in minimising contamination during decommissioning and site remediation techniques, as well as improving SA simulation codes and raising nuclear safety. 相似文献
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Masanori Suzuki Ken Kurosaki Shinsuke Yamanaka Toshihiro Tanaka Masayoshi Uno Yukihiro Murakami 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2018,55(8):885-899
In case of severe nuclear accidents involving melt down of nuclear fuels at high temperatures, it is of considerable importance to accurately evaluate the highly-volatizing behavior of fission products (FPs) over multicomponent debris. Particularly, cesium (Cs)- and iodine (I)- bearing chemical species are regarded as notable FPs. In the present work, the authors have generated original thermodynamic databases for the system U–Zr–Ce–Cs–Fe–B–C–I–O–H featuring Cs- as well as I-bearing subsystems, which are contained in oxide, iodide, and metal (including borides and carbides) sub-databases. It has been confirmed that the phase diagrams calculated by the present set of the databases reproduce the corresponding literature data well in various kinds of subsystems of the above multicomponent system. The present set of databases has subsequently been applied to simulate phase equilibria and volatizing behavior of Cs- and I-including species, respectively, in multicomponent debris under specific temperature and atmospheric conditions corresponding to severe nuclear accidents. 相似文献
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为了获得弥散型燃料裂变产物向一回路冷却剂的释放特性,开展了弥散型燃料裂变产物释放行为研究,开发了适用于弥散型燃料的裂变产物源项计算程序,并对裂变产物源项进行了影响分析。结果表明:沾污铀和起泡破损后裂变产物的核素谱存在一定差异;裂变产物的释放与起泡当量直径的平方成正比;对于弥散型燃料而言,起泡破损中通过反冲释放的占比较低;相同破口条件下的弥散型和陶瓷型燃料中裂变产物的释放存在量级的差别。本文开发的程序能够用于分析弥散型燃料的裂变产物源项,为后续相关研究工程设计奠定基础。 相似文献
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