论高速公路信息通信系统的建设与管理

简要介绍了高速公路信息通信系统的功能,作用及组成,针对高速公路信息通信系统的建设与管理进行了探讨,提出应搞好系统设计、规章制度的制订、人员培训及科研等方面的工作,从而科学地建设,管理和使用信息通信系统。     

论信息技术在施工管理中的应用

结合信息技术在施工管理中的发展过程,阐述了信息技术与施工管理的关系,研究了施工管理中信息技术的应用现状,通过对国外信息技术应用经验的总结,对建筑企业如何提高信息技术在施工管理中的应用水平进行了分析。     

SightSafety: A hybrid information and communication technology system for reducing vehicle/pedestrian collisions

In recent years, a number of advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions have been developed to assist in the management of business processes and working environments. Mobile computing and wireless communication are two such technologies which have been adapted for use in hybrid systems that can monitor and manage industrial health, safety and welfare activities. Within the construction sector, plant and equipment operation has been shown to be one of the leading causes of accidents and injuries, not least because the sector has witnessed an exponential reliance upon mechanical resources. In an attempt to reduce vehicle accidents, this work reports upon a conceptual model that utilises advanced ICT solutions to produce an innovative and proactive health and safety management system entitled SightSafety. Using a combination of Global Positioning Systems (GPS), smart sensors and wireless networks, SightSafety can track operatives and plant, notify management and employees of pending danger and ultimately contribute to reducing accident rates. The system also provides reports on dangerous occurrences that have happened, thereby enabling managers to learn from any experiences acquired, or mistakes made, during the construction of a project.     

谈信息技术在工程建设监理行业中的应用

针对信息技术在工程建设监理行业中的应用问题，从以信息化促进管理创新、提高政府对行业的管理水平等方面进行了论述，指出运用信息技术已成为提高整个行业发展水平的一个重要手段。     

论建筑业信息技术标准化

通过多方面的分析，指出了标准化是建筑业信息技术发展的关键，论述了建筑业信息技术标准化的意义、作用及其具体内容，并对当前如何搞好我国建筑业信息技术的标准化工作提出了建议。     

信息技术发展对建筑工程造价管理的影响

从预(决)算编制方面入手,阐述了电算化对工程造价管理产生的巨大影响,探讨了目前工程造价管理各方面应用电子信息技术所带来的空前发展,从而推动造价事业的发展。     

信息技术在工程施工项目管理中的应用

针对如何加快信息技术在建筑业中应用的问题,分析了信息技术与工程施工项目管理的关系,介绍了施工项目管理中信息技术应用的现状,阐述了提高施工管理信息技术应用水平的对策及建议,以期推进信息化建设进程,提高企业竞争力。     

The relationship between changes in equipment technology and wages in the US construction industry

The US construction industry has witnessed a drop in real wages since 1970. The decline in real wages may be attributed to a combination of socio‐economic factors like migrant labourers, fringe benefits, safety procedures, union membership and worker skills. Another factor that may be impacting construction real wages is technological changes over the past couple of decades, including technological changes in construction equipment. This paper examines the relationship between changes in equipment technology and changes in construction wages with the help of five factors of equipment technology change: control, energy, ergonomics, functionality and information processing. Furthermore, data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey is used to examine the effects of computer usage on wages among US hourly workers in construction. The research findings show significant relations exist between changes in equipment control, functionality and information processing with wages among non‐supervisory workers. Another finding indicated that although non‐supervisory construction workers who use computers at work earn higher hourly wages, there was no added wage benefit after controlling for the effects of experience, education and age.     

Innovativeness in British and French construction: the evidence from Transmanche-Link

This paper addresses the ‘innovativeness’ (the extent to which the design of the organization facilitates or inhibits innovation) of French and British project organizations. Following a review of the literature on organization design and innovativeness, data from a comparative organizational assessment of the British and French approaches to managing the Channel Tunnel construction project by Transmanche-Link are presented. These show that the British approach could well have less capacity for innovation than the French. The available evidence on the relative levels of innovation on the two sides of the Channel Tunnel are reviewed, showing that the predicted effects are found.     

Information modelling in the construction industry: The information engineering approach

Modelling of knowledge in the construction industry is a cumbersome task because of the large amount of data involved and the lack of automated information-modelling tools. Adoption of a method and an automated CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tool could eliminate many problems encountered in the development of information systems in the construction industry. In particular, this approach may help to assess the information requirements and define strategies for such information systems. The Information Engineering Method (IEM) is introduced to illustrate hoar the conceptual models may be improved by using this method. Additionally Texas Instruments' Information Engineering Facility (IEF?) CASE tool is described to illustrate the advantages of automating such a method. The introduction of conceptual modelling in the construction industry using data and process models should lead to a better structuring of information. This should result in the development of well defined and structured, not ad hoc, applications. This conceptual modelling approach using information engineering is currently being used at the University of Salford to study the potential development of an integrated database (design, procurement and management of construction) for the construction industry. The case study describes the information analysis phase of the procurement process included towards the end of this paper.     

浅谈信息技术在建设管理中的应用

阐述了我国信息技术在建设管理领域中的发展现状,通过分析信息技术在建设管理领域应用时所面临的问题,提出了相应解决的对策,以完善信息技术在建设管理领域的应用。     

Efficiency measurement of the construction industry in Taiwan: a stochastic frontier cost function approach

Construction firms require a large cash flow, thereby creating a significant financial leverage. Therefore, identifying a highly effective cost efficiency model is essential for construction firms, especially under the pressure of competition in today’s global market. This research used stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to model and measure the cost efficiency of construction firms in Taiwan, and to investigate the relationships between input resources and cost efficiency. The main findings include: (1) subcontracting reduces labour capacity; (2) larger firms can be more cost efficient; (3) appropriate financial leverage increases cost efficiency and capital; and (4) reducing equipment costs increases cost efficiency. These findings can help construction firms to strategically adjust the management of their firm and improve cost efficiency.     

高校智能建造人才培养中的信息技术伦理教育探析

随着中国建筑业的数字化、网络化、智能化不断推进,建筑业从业者需以更高的信息素养参与智能建造实践,并积极构建和维护建筑业良好的伦理道德秩序。文章分析高校在智能建造人才培养中开展信息技术伦理教育的意义,包括培养学生信息技术伦理主体意识与主体能力、提升学生解决智能建造复杂工程问题的能力、促进学生积极应对全球化语境下的信息技术伦理问题等;提出高校智能建造人才培养中的信息技术伦理教育,需要引入课程思政理念,并依据融合性与层次性的平衡、跨域性与教育性的平衡、适切性与灵活性的平衡等原则,妥善整合设计课程,优化学生的知识体系与发展脉络,培养学生终生所需能力;探索对高校智能建造人才培养中的信息技术伦理教学进行系统化的方案设计,包括明确信息技术伦理教学目标、构建信息技术伦理教学内容、实施信息技术伦理深度学习策略、提升智能建造师资的信息技术伦理教学水平等。     

信息化监测技术在中山医院深基施工中的应用

通过具体工程实例,阐述了深基坑施工中信息化监测的目的和内容,介绍了主要的监测技术,进行了信息采集处理,以验证设计与实际的符合程度,并根据变形和应力分布情况为施工提供有价值的指导性意见。     

Genderlect and conflict in the Australian construction industry

The Australian construction industry is male dominated and highly confrontational. Critical decision and concept mapping methods are employed to explore the connection between these two characteristics by contrasting the cognitive bases of judgement and communication used by male and female workers in hypothetical conflict settings. Results indicate that the Australian construction industry's genderlect is male‐centric and that this perpetuates the relatively high incidence of conflict. Women and men also behave differently in conflicts and in jobs that require them to engage in conflict and confrontation. Consequently, levels of conflict in the Australian construction industry could be reduced by increased female participation and feminizing communicative and behavioural responses to conflict.     

Globalization and construction industry development: implications of recent developments in the construction sector in Asia

Recent developments in the construction sector in the Asian region demonstrate three trends: (1) larger private sector participation in infrastructure projects, (2) increasing vertical integration in the packaging of construction projects, and (3) increased foreign participation in domestic construction. This paper attributes the trends to the globalization and deregulation of markets necessitated by fiscal, technological and managerial constraints. Although these trends present intra-Asian opportunities, there are also areas of concern. The trends have helped polarize the financial and technical superiority of the developed countries and the corresponding inferiority of the developed countries in the region of the developing ones. In the long term, this gap could be filled through technology transfer. In the short term, however, there are concerns that imported construction services could grow at the expense of the indigenous sectors of the developing countries. This paper illustrates this dilemma with the case of Japan as a world leader in international construction services. Its dominance has apparently come through the orchestration of industrial and corporate policies, implemented in a highly regulated and protected domestic market. However, construction industries in other Asian economies (such as China) will have to leapfrog in technology, finance and management know-how (e.g. through joint ventures with developed countries' construction companies) before they can become formidable powers in an environment that has become much more global, more de-regulated, more open and more competitive than before.     

野三关隧道施工监控量测技术

介绍了野三关隧道的工程概况,阐述了隧道施工监控量测断面的埋设情况,重点对施工监控量测数据进行了分析,指出在监控量测工作的正确指导下,优质、高效地完成了隧道施工任务。     

Profitability performance assessment in the Australian construction industry: a global relational two-stage DEA method

Effective performance measurement drives performance and supports the development of construction. Only minimal literature measuring construction performance, efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously can be identified. A global relational two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is here proposed in order to produce effective and informative performance results. A relational two-stage DEA method systematically measures overall efficiency for a whole construction system and also yields scores for the individual stages of construction. The DEA results can be directly compared through global benchmark technology. The Australian construction industry is employed in order to implement the new method, in which profitability performance as a vital indicator of business survival, and its two dimensions of efficiency and effectiveness, are measured. The construction profitability performance and efficiency measures obtained provide evidence of underperformance and a slight imbalance in Australia between 1991 and 2012, while the measures obtained for the effectiveness factor indicate better achievement. The approach here developed promotes progress in modelling two-stage performance measurement and it can be replicated worldwide by construction projects, organizations or industries in order to quantify their performance, identify internal inefficiency components and recognize competitive advantages for promoting sustainable development.