混合回收渠道下的闭环供应链市场结构分析

研究了一个制造商领导市场、一个零售商和一个第三方回收商共同负责回收且跟随决策的再制造闭环供应链系统。对制造商领导博弈时的四种不同市场结构下(M→R+T、M→R→T、M→T→R和M→C)的闭环供应链的各方决策变量值以及利润值进行计算及分析,最后采用重复博弈方法对避免劣市场结构(M→C)成立的条件进行了讨论。研究表明,基于以上条件,M→C市场结构下的回收价最低,在M→R+T市场结构下最高;M→C市场结构下,制造商的利润与供应链利润最低;M→R+T市场结构下的制造商利润最高且供应链利润也最高。M→R→T和M→T→R市场结构的供应链总利润结果完全相同。集团C中的利润分配参数α具有不稳定性,使效率最低的M→C市场结构无法长期存在。     

Knowledge management in supply chain: An empirical study from France

Supply chain management has assumed a leading operations strategy position in both manufacturing and service industries, and over the past 10 years companies have seriously implemented supply chain management strategies in their organizations. Knowledge management (KM) is a major enabler of supply chain management, and is a critical element in information intensive and multi-cultured enterprise environments. Realizing the importance of knowledge management in supply chain (SC), an attempt has been made in this paper to propose a conceptual framework for KM in SC and to validate the framework with help of an empirical study conducted with French companies. Finally, a summary of findings and conclusions is presented for KM in SC.     

An IT-enabled supply chain model: a simulation study

During the last decades, supply chain collaboration practices and the underlying enabling technologies have evolved from the classical electronic data interchange (EDI) approach to a web-based and radio frequency identification (RFID)-enabled collaboration. In this field, most of the literature has focused on the study of optimal parameters for reducing the total cost of suppliers, by adopting operational research (OR) techniques. Herein we are interested in showing that the considered information technology (IT)-enabled structure is resilient, that is, it works well across a reasonably broad range of parameter settings. By adopting a methodological approach based on system dynamics, we study a multi-tier collaborative supply chain. Results show that the IT-enabled supply chain improves operational performance and customer service level. Nonetheless, benefits for geographically dispersed networks are of minor entity.     

Creating technological innovation via green supply chain management: An empirical analysis

This study sets out to empirically test the research framework and identify the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and technological innovation (TI) in manufacturing firms. It is one of the first studies that experimentally validate the relationship between GSCM practices and TI from the perspective of a developing nation. In this study, 133 usable sets of data were collected from manufacturing firms in Malaysia. Results obtained from the partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach supported the significant positive relationship between three GSCM practices (i.e. internal environmental management, eco-design and investment recovery) and TI, but the study found that green purchasing and cooperation with customers do not have a significant positive correlation with TI. The importance of GSCM practices has been proven to enhance firms’ TI, in addition to improving the environment, bringing about a positive impact on the manufacturing establishment. Therefore, this study has relevance to all manufactures seeking to enhance their TI through the effective use of GSCM practices.     

A solution method for a two-layer sustainable supply chain distribution model

This article presents an effective solution method for a two-layer, NP-hard sustainable supply chain distribution model. A DoE-guided MOGA-II optimiser based solution method is proposed for locating a set of non-dominated solutions distributed along the Pareto frontier. The solution method allows decision-makers to prioritise the realistic solutions, while focusing on alternate transportation scenarios. The solution method has been implemented for the case of an Irish dairy processing industry׳s two-layer supply chain network. The DoE generates 6100 real feasible solutions after 100 generations of the MOGA-II optimiser which are then refined using statistical experimentation. As the decision-maker is presented with a choice of several distribution routes on the demand side of the two-layer network, TOPSIS is applied to rank the set of non-dominated solutions thus facilitating the selection of the best sustainable distribution route. The solution method characterises the Pareto solutions from disparate scenarios through numerical and statistical experimentations. A set of realistic routes from plants to consumers is derived and mapped which minimises total CO₂ emissions and costs where it can be seen that the solution method outperforms existing solution methods.     

基于期权的供应链数量柔性契约决策模型

针对单个制造商和单个销售商组成的多周期单产品两级供应链协调问题, 建立了期权与数量柔性契约相结合的决策模型; 需求的不确定性通过有限的情境描述, 采用逐步对冲算法对基于情境的随机规划模型进行求解, 给出了销售商最优的期权购买量和初始订货量以及制造商最优的原材料采购量和产品生产量; 最后通过数值仿真实验验证了所提出模型的有效性.

     

Pay‐as‐you‐throw versus recycling fund system in closed‐loop supply chains with alliance recycling

This paper develops closed‐loop supply chain models with alliance recycling under two financing systems for recycling used products, that is, pay‐as‐you‐throw (PAYT) and recycling fund (RF). The primary goal behind analytic formulation is to investigate the differences between the two financing systems and determine which one performs better, and to examine the impact of target recycling rate and competition between recycling alliances (RAs) on channel decisions. We find that the PAYT system is always more beneficial to customers and the retailer, while the RF system increases the social welfare. If there is no competition between RAs, which system performs better for the RA depends on the baseline of subsidy fee, while which system performs better for manufacturers depends on their shares. However, if there is competition between RAs, the RF system is favored by the disadvantaged RA. Moreover, the restriction on target recycling rate has an effect on channel decisions.     

Characteristic functions and option valuation in a Markov chain market

We introduce an approach for valuing some path-dependent options in a discrete-time Markov chain market based on the characteristic function of a vector of occupation times of the chain. A pricing kernel is introduced and analytical formulas for the prices of Asian options and occupation time call options are derived.     

供需链管理中合同定量研究及其发展

描述了供需合同在供需链分布决策中所起的作用，分析了几种常用合同策略的激励机制及相互关系．从合同策略形式、供需链结构建模、市场需求建模、采购供应过程建模、信息建模5个方面对供需合同问题的研究进展作了总结．最后分析了当前该领域存在的不足，指出了今后可能的研究方向．     

Designing an integrated multi-echelon agile supply chain network: a hybrid taguchi-particle swarm optimization approach

The present paper attempts to explore the integration of production, distribution and logistics activities at the strategic decision making level where, the objective is to design a multi-echelon supply chain network considering agility as a key design criterion. The design network conceived here addresses a class of five echelons of supply chains including suppliers, plants, distribution centers, cross-docks and customer zones. The problem has been mathematically formulated as a multi-objective optimization model that aims to minimize the cost (fixed and variable) and maximizes the plant flexibility and volume flexibility. The notion of cross-dock has been introduced as an intermediate level between distribution centers and customer zones to increase the profitability of manufacturing and service industries. In order to solve the underlying problem, a novel algorithm entitled hybrid taguchi-particle swarm optimization (HTPSO) has been proposed that incorporates the characteristics of statistical design of experiments and random search techniques. The main idea is to integrate the fundamentals of taguchi method i.e. orthogonal array and signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the PSO meta-heuristic to minimize the effect of the causes of variations. The proposed model has been authenticated by undertaking problem instances of varying size. Extensive computational experiments are conducted to validate the same and also the efficacy of the proposed HTPSO algorithm. The results obtained reveal that proposed solution methodology is an effective approach to solve the underlying problem.     

基于第三方回收模式考虑互惠偏好的闭环供应链决策分析

研究制造商委托第三方进行产品回收模式,考虑制造商与零售商之间具有互惠偏好特征,以及这种互惠偏好特征对闭环供应链成员的利润及效用的影响,并利用Stackelberg 博弈模型对成员决策进行分析。最后使用数值仿真进行证明。研究表明,制造商与零售商之间的互惠偏好行为对闭环供应链系统利润是有利的,而零售商产品销售价格与制造商对零售商的互惠偏好行为呈负相关,第三方产品的回收率与制造商对零售商的互惠偏好行为呈正相关,零售商对制造商的互惠偏好行为对整个系统的影响效果不明显。     

An integrated QFD framework with multiple formatted and incomplete preferences: A sustainable supply chain application

Merging sustainable development with the business, and taking goals into account from its three dimensions (i.e., economic, environmental and social) which are derived from customer and stakeholder requirements have been a potential source of competitive differentiation for firms. Academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chain (SSC) management has also risen considerably in recent years. This paper examines the components and elements of SSC management and how they serve as a foundation for an evaluation framework. By using quality function deployment (QFD) as a product/system planning and improvement tool, an effective SSC structure can be obtained. QFD uses a matrix called the “House of Quality” (HoQ), and constructing the HoQ is a critical step in the application of QFD as it translates customer requirements into engineering characteristics. However, participants of HoQ construction sessions tend to provide information about their individual judgments in multiple formats such as numerically or linguistically depending on their different knowledge, experience, culture and circumstance. Furthermore, they can generate incomplete preferences which are challenging to assess in a consistent way. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply an extended QFD methodology in SSC by introducing a new group decision making (GDM) approach that takes multiple preference formats and incomplete information into account and fusions different formats of expressions into one uniform group decision by means of the fuzzy set theory. To assess the validity of the proposed approach, a case study conducted at HAVI Logistics-Turkey is also presented in the paper.     

基于FCM的企业供应链绩效动态评价方法研究*

为了克服传统供应链绩效评价方法缺少动态性、忽略评价因素间的相互作用关系的缺点,通过对模糊认知图（FCM）原理的探讨,结合企业供应链绩效评价标准,提出了基于FCM的企业供应链绩效动态方法,构建了企业供应链绩效评价模型,实现了对企业供应链绩效的动态评估,通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

Risk analysis of the supply chain of a tools manufacturer in Puebla,Mexico

Risk management has taken considerable importance in the supply chain. Much research has been focused on this area to improve quality and competitiveness within organisations. This paper is focused on the identification, analysis, and evaluation of risks associated to materials/purchasing departments through the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This integrated analysis led to prioritise the potential risks that generate downtime and financially impact of the supply chain. Having a unique supply source was identified as the main risk, and restriction on the contract's length was determined to be a suitable solving approach. The identified risks should also be quantified considering the negative effects on cost, time, and quality‐functionality to provide immediate or long‐term solutions.     

Systems dynamics modelling of a manufacturing supply chain system

Supply chains are multifaceted structures focusing on the integration of all the factors involved in the overall process of production and distribution of end products to the customers. Growing interest in supply chain systems has highlighted the need to adopt appropriate approaches that can ensure the efficient management of their complexity, enormity and broadness of scope. With the main aim of supply chain management being to optimise the performance of supply chains, attention is mainly drawn to the development of modelling frameworks that can be utilised to analyse and comprehend the dynamic behaviour of supply chains. While there have been only a few supply chain modelling attempts reported in the literature, this paper proposes a modelling framework that is used to simulate the operation of a supply chain network of moderate complexity. The proposed model comprises four echelons and is build around a central medium-sized manufacturing company operating as a typical Make-to-Order (MTO) system. The developed model was built using a systems dynamics (SD) approach. The operations performed within a supply chain are a function of a great number of key variables which often seem to have strong interrelationships. The ability of understanding the network as a whole, analysing the interactions between the various components of the integrated system and eventually supplying feedback without de-composing it make systems dynamics an ideal methodology for modelling supply chain networks. The objective of the paper is to model the operation of the supply chain network under study and obtain a true reflection of its behaviour. The modelling framework is also used to study the performance of the system under the initial conditions considered and compare it with that obtained by running the system under eight different scenarios concerning commonly addressed real-life operational conditions. The modelling effort has focused on measuring the supply chain system performance in terms of key metrics such as inventory, WIP levels, backlogged orders and customer satisfaction at all four echelons. The study concludes with the analysis of the obtained results and the conclusions drawn from contrasting the system’s performance under each investigated scenario to that of the benchmark model.     

非对称信息下供需链中供应商的回购决策分析

为了解决供需链中下游实体的成本是私有信息的情况下，上游供应商的回购决策问题，运用委托—代理模型研究了供应商的最优回购策略，得到了供应商的最优决策方案，与对称信息的情况相比，信息结构的非对称导致下游实体的订货量低于系统的最优订货量，使得供需链无法达到协调，供需链的总利润和供应商的利润降低，零售商的利润增加，在非对称信息下，供应商提供的契约菜单值随着下游实体成本的增加而增大。     

零售商资金约束供应链中的金融服务与营运管理协调策略

基于零售商存在资金约束和破产成本的条件假设,研究由一个供应商与一个零售商组成的二级供应链中的外部金融服务和营运管理协调策略.研究表明,不确定需求分布下零售商的融资能力和订购水平是有限的.资金不足零售商可通过外部金融服务实现最优订购,为供应链创造价值,并且金融市场的竞争程度、零售商的初始资金量和破产成本率会影响零售商的订购策略、供应商的批发价策略和供应链绩效.     

统一集论在病体供应链建模中的应用

供应链系统是一复杂巨系统,它的结构和运作模式决定了其复杂性。文章从认知思维基础出发来认识供应链系统的复杂性并将智能数学的最新成果——统一集及其分支运用于供应链系统的建模。     

网格供应链中工作流系统的设计

当前,对于供应链中的成员企业而言,如何更好地处理数据信息,并将其处理结果及时准确地提供给供应链中的各个相关企业已成为关键.企业可以利用供应链网格对在供应链中出现的大量数据进行处理,及对跨组织的业务流程进行协同管理.对供应链网格中的工作流进行了描述,分析了供应链网格中工作流系统的特性,最后提出了一种基于Agent的供应链网格工作流系统模型.