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1.
压水堆核电厂发生严重事故期间,从主系统释放的蒸汽、氢气以及下封头失效后进入安全壳的堆芯熔融物均对安全壳的完整性构成威胁。以国内典型二代加压水堆为研究对象,采用MAAP程序进行安全壳响应分析。选取了两种典型的严重事故序列:热管段中破口叠加设备冷却水失效和再循环高压安注失效,堆芯因冷却不足升温熔化导致压力容器失效,熔融物与混凝土发生反应(MCCI),安全壳超压失效;冷管段大破口叠加再循环失效,安全壳内蒸汽不断聚集,发生超压失效。通过对两种事故工况的分析,证实了再循环高压安注、安全壳喷淋这两种缓解措施对保证安全壳完整性的重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
王佳赟  樊普 《原子能科学技术》2012,46(10):1216-1220
使用FLUENT计算流体程序数值模拟了AP1000在严重事故条件下的堆芯升温过程,目的是对堆芯裸露后并在其显著熔化前对堆芯升温的均匀程度进行比一体化事故程序MAAP更为详尽的研究,进行围筒和吊篮温度分析,同时评估MAAP程序堆芯升温计算结果。分析结果表明:在堆芯显著熔化时刻,堆芯围筒和吊篮已熔化,因此熔融堆芯将从侧面迁移进入下封头,同时对比证明MAAP程序关于堆芯升温的计算结果也是可接受的。  相似文献   

3.
应用MAAP5程序建立了秦山核电站一、二回路,安全系统以及安全壳的模型,并以冷段双端断裂叠加高高、高、低压安注失效,安全壳喷淋系统失效为例,对该严重事故序列进行了模拟计算,给出了瞬态过程一些重要参数随时间的变化规律。结果表明:在72 h内无能动干预手段的条件下,安全壳的完整性可得到保证,相关数据可为秦山核电站严重事故预防和事故缓解措施的制定提供重要参考。  相似文献   

4.
根据MELCOR程序对全厂断电诱发的严重事故下安全壳内各隔间的氢气浓度分布的计算结果,参考美国联邦法规关于氢气控制和风险分析的标准,分析安全壳内氢气的燃烧风险。结果表明:安全壳内平均氢气浓度不会导致整体性氢气燃烧,但存在局部燃烧的风险。通过CFD程序对氢气浓度较高的卸压箱隔间进行氢气释放和空间气体流动过程的模拟,得到更细致的卸压箱隔间内氢气浓度场分布,给出氢气聚集区域的准确位置,为采取严重事故缓解措施,设计氢复合器布置方案提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
    
In Japan, spray equipment is prepared in spent fuel pools (SFP) in accordance with the regulatory requirements to mitigate fuel damage in the event that the water level of SFP cannot be maintained. In order to evaluate the spray coolability of fuel assemblies in SFP accidents, the spray cooling experiments were conducted under the SFP conditions. The experimental facility contains one mock-up BWR fuel assembly with full-length 7 × 7 heater rods in a mock-up SFP rack. The measured surface temperatures indicate that the spray injection results in the top-down quench and the precursory cooling, which are consistent with the spray-cooling mechanism that has been revealed by previous studies investigating reactor core spray. Further, the numerical simulations of the experiments were conducted using the TRACE code to examine the applicability of system codes for evaluating the spray coolability of SFPs. Although the TRACE calculation with a simple analytical model reproduced the top-down quench by spray injection as observed in the experiments, some qualitative differences were found between the experiments and calculations. The causes of these differences were revealed and the applicability of system codes were discussed.  相似文献   

6.
针对反应堆安全壳或厂房局部空间内氢气爆炸过程,利用Fortran 90语言开发了氢气爆炸数值分析程序。采用单步反应模拟氢气与空气的化学反应,采用5阶精度的WENO求解对流项,时间步进采用3阶精度的龙格-库塔方法,对局部二维空间内氢气/空气/水蒸气预混气的爆炸过程进行了数值模拟。采用开发的程序计算了两种典型的激波管问题以验证程序的准确性,并用该程序分析了带隔间的沸水反应堆厂房局部空间内的氢气爆炸过程。计算结果表明:爆炸过程中最大的压力峰值来源于冲击波与反射波之间的碰撞,最大的冲击波压力和温度高达7.5 MPa和3 245 K。由此可得,安全壳内的氢气爆炸过程可能会威胁到安全壳的完整性,导致放射性物质释放。  相似文献   

7.
This paper aims at clarifying the potential and the limit of the method to surmise the timing of the containment vessel (CV) failure utilizing the Emergency Action Levels (EALs) issued as a nuclear operator’s notification in an early phase of the severe accident (SA). We analyzed the timings of the EALs issued in all kinds of the SA sequences of several PWR plant models by using the SA analysis code, MAAP. We found high correlations between the timing of SE41 (EAL issued at CV pressure of 0.5 design pressure) and the timing of the CV failure in the typical scenarios, e.g. over-pressure failures. We could therefore establish an evaluating method to estimate the time for a CV failure. This method has the potential to support the decision-making in nuclear emergency preparedness.  相似文献   

8.
    
The jet breakup phenomena of the molten cores during a severe accident are affected by some complicated structures, such as control rod guide tubes, instrument guide tubes, and core support plate, in the lower plenum of the boiling water reactors (BWRs). A multi-phase computational fluid dynamics approach combined with experiments is considered to be the best way to estimate the jet breakup phenomena in the BWR lower plenum, and a numerical analysis method has been developed based on the interface tracking method code TPFIT (Two-Phase Flow simulation code with Interface Tracking). The analysis method developed was applied to single-/multi-channel experiments for verification and validation in this study. Furthermore, results from the numerical analysis were compared to the experimental results obtained using the multi-phase flow visualization technique using a high-speed camera and the particle image velocimetry method. As a consequence, it is found that the simulation method developed in this study can qualitatively simulate the jet breakup phenomena in the complicated structure.  相似文献   

9.
核电厂在严重事故时会有大量氢气释放到安全壳中,为研究氢气在安全壳内的分层、混合、复合等复杂现象,OECD发起了SETH-2项目。在SETH-2框架内,PANDA实验台架上进行的ST1_7_2实验利用氦气替代氢气,来模拟竖直空气射流对氢气层侵蚀的过程。本文使用CFD技术对该实验进行了数值模拟,并分析了浮升力湍流模型以及不同湍流Schmidt数对模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明:数值模拟较好地再现了实验的侵蚀过程,但射流的侵蚀速率小于实验的侵蚀速率;使用不考虑浮升力的湍流模型进行模拟的结果显示,氦气层迅速被空气射流稀释,与实验现象不符,表明在定义湍流模型时必须考虑浮升力;不同湍流Schmidt数对ST1_7_2实验的数值模拟结果存在一定影响,但影响不大。  相似文献   

10.
    
Chemical reactions between stainless steel and boron carbide were investigated using the materials applied for control rods in BWRs in Japan, specifically 304L-type stainless steel and granular boron carbide. The reaction region consisted of 2–4 layers, in which the significant composition variation of each element was detected, especially for B and C. Assuming that the reaction layer growth obeys the parabolic law, the effective rate constant between 304L-type stainless steel and granular boron carbide was evaluated to be approximately one order of magnitude smaller than the previously reported values for boron carbide pellets or powers. This difference might originate from the loose contact between the stainless steel and the granular boron carbide in the present study. Regarding liquefaction progress, the stainless steel components were selectively dissolved in the melt; consequently, the unreacted boron carbide tended to remain.  相似文献   

11.
To estimate the state of reactor pressure vessel of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, it is important to clarify the breakup and fragmentation of molten material jet in the lower plenum of boiling water reactor (BWR) by a numerical simulation. To clarify the effects of complicated structures on the jet behavior experimentally and validate the simulation code, we conduct the visualized experiments simulating the severe accident in the BWR lower plenum. In this study, jet breakup, fragmentation and surrounding velocity profiles of the jet were observed by the backlight method and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. From experimental results using the backlight method, it was clarified that jet tip velocity depends on the conditions whether complicated structures exist or not and also clarified that the structures prevent the core of the jet from expanding. From measurements by the PIV method, the surrounding velocity profiles of the jet in the complicated structures were relatively larger than the condition without structure. Finally, fragment diameters measured in the present study well agree with the theory suggested by Kataoka and Ishii by changing the coefficient term. Thus, it was suggested that the fragmentation mechanism was mainly controlled by shearing stress.  相似文献   

12.
为满足核电厂全范围模拟机对严重事故过程仿真的需求,自主开发了严重事故仿真软件SimSA,能模拟从设计基准事故到严重事故的主要事故过程,并能准确给出相关进程的计算结果。SimSA包含3大主要模块:热工水力模块(Therm)、堆芯行为模块(Core)以及安全壳行为模块(Cont)。其中,Therm与Core两个模块的耦合过程中采用了SCDAP/RELAP5相似的基于过程机理的耦合方法。本文结合SimSA软件的具体情况介绍了这种耦合方法的实现过程,并采用耦合后的程序对大破口叠加安注失效及全厂断电叠加辅助给水丧失两个典型初因事故导致的严重事故序列进行了计算,将计算结果与相同初始条件下MAAP4的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,SimSA中采用的这种耦合方式是成功的。  相似文献   

13.
使用严重事故分析程序RELAP/SCDAPSIM,对3种不同尺寸的压水堆热段大破口事故进行了分析。主要研究了15、20、25cm大破口事故分别在无事故管理和有高压安全注射条件下事故进程。计算结果表明,当堆芯表面峰值温度达1 500K时,堆芯出口温度不能反映堆芯的损伤状态;当堆芯出口温度达900K时,进行严重事故管理不能有效阻止堆芯熔化。将堆芯热通道出口温度作为严重事故管理入口标准的计算分析结果表明,在堆芯热通道出口温度达900K时实施严重事故管理可有效阻止堆芯熔化,此信息可作为进入严重事故管理的入口标准。  相似文献   

14.
胡啸  黄挺  裴杰  陈炼 《原子能科学技术》2015,49(11):2069-2075
根据现有的设计资料,使用一体化严重事故分析程序MELCOR1.8.6建立了核电厂一、二回路系统,非能动堆芯冷却系统和安全壳系统的模型,并模拟冷段2英寸(5.08cm)小破口叠加重力注入失效的严重事故发生后,将冷却剂注入堆芯的情形,分析其对严重事故进程的缓解能力。本文选取3个严重事故的不同阶段,将冷却剂分别以小流量(10kg/s)、中流量(50kg/s)和大流量(200kg/s)的速率注入堆芯,通过比较氢气产生量、堆芯放射性产生量及堆芯温度等数据来评估在严重事故不同阶段再注水的可行性。结果表明:在堆芯损伤初期,可认为10kg/s以上的流量足以冷却百万千瓦级事故安全。而当严重事故发展到堆芯开始坍塌阶段,200kg/s的注水流量可认为是基本可行的,而小于此流量的注水应慎重考虑。  相似文献   

15.
日本福岛第一核电站事故源项及后果评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据已有的日本福岛第一核电站相关资料,利用美国核管理委员会《轻水堆核电厂事故源项》中的假设条件,计算出事故后安全壳内的放射性源项,综合考虑各种不确定性因素,得出较为保守的环境释放源项。采用美国核管理委员会RG 1.4中大气扩散模式的假设计算大气弥散因子,并应用ICRP 71号出版物F、GR 12号报告等资料中的剂量计算...  相似文献   

16.
If any severe accident occurs, application of the Severe Accident Management Guidance (SAMG) is initiated by the Technical Support Center (TSC). In order to provide advisory information to the TSC, required safety injection flow rate for maintaining the coolability of the reactor core has been suggested in terms of the depressurization pressure. In this study, mechanistic development of the safety injection flow map was performed by post-processing the core exit temperature (CET) data from MELCOR simulation. In addition, effect of oxidation during the core degradation was incorporated by including simulation data of core water level decrease rate. Using the CET increase rate and core water level decrease rate, safety injection flow maps required for removing the decay and oxidation heat and finally for maintaining the coolability of the reactor core were developed. Three initiating events of small break loss of coolant accidents without safety injection, station black out, and total loss of feed water were considered. Reactor coolant system depressurization pressure targeting the suggested injection flow achievable with one or two high pressure safety injections was included in the map. This study contributes on improving the current SAMG by providing more practical and mechanistic information to manage the severe accidents.  相似文献   

17.
针对我国二代改进型三环路核电厂乏燃料水池冷却管线破口事故(LOCA)引发的严重事故,使用MECLOR1.8.6程序进行了建模计算,分析研究了严重事故进程和乏燃料组件加热、熔化以及氢气的产生等主要现象。结果表明,乏燃料水池严重事故进程相对缓慢,但乏燃料组件的熔化及产生的氢气风险还是可能最终造成放射性向环境的大量释放。此外,本文还对乏燃料水池严重事故管理导则中的应急注水策略和氢气风险管理策略的有效性进行了计算分析,得到了严重事故下执行相关策略的时间窗口,从而为同类型核电厂严重事故管理导则的开发和有效执行提供支持。  相似文献   

18.
    
The Modular Accident Analysis Program version 5 (MAAP5) is a computer code that can simulate the response of light water reactor power plants during severe accident sequences. The present work aims to simulate the severe accident of a typical Chinese pressure water reactor (PWR) with MAAP5. The pressurizer safety valve stuck-open accident is essentially a small break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA), which becomes one of the major concerns on core melt initiating events of the PWR. Six cases with different assumptions in the pressurizer (PZR) safety valves (SVs) stuck-open accident stuck open accident were analyzed for comparison. The results of first three cases show that the severe accident sequence is correlated with the number of the stuck open valve. The primary system depressurized faster in a more SVs stuck open case, and the consequences in which is hence slighter. The remaining 3 cases along with the case 2 were then analyzed to study the effect of operator intervention to the accident. The results show that the auxiliary feed water (AFW) is effective to delay the core degradation and hence delayed the finally system recovery. The high pressure injection (HPI) operation and manually opening the steam generator (SG) SVs are effective to mitigate this kind of severe accident. The results are meaningful and significant for comprehending the detailed process of PWR severe accident, which is the basic standard for establishing the severe accident management guidelines.  相似文献   

19.
    
The accident categories of severe accidents (SAs) for prototype sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) which need proper measures were investigated through the internal event probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and event tree analysis for the external event and six accident categories, unprotected loss of flow (ULOF), unprotected transient over power (UTOP), unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS), loss of reactor sodium level (LORL), protected loss of heat sink (PLOHS) and station blackout (SBO), were identified. Fundamental safety strategy against these accidents is studied and clearly stated considering the characteristics and existing accident measures of prototype SFR, and concrete measures based on this safety strategy are investigated and organized. The sufficiency of these SA measures is confirmed by comparing the evaluated core damage frequency (CDF) and containment failure frequency (CFF) to the target value, 1×10?5 and 1×10?6 per plant operating year, respectively, which were selected based on the IAEA's safety target. However, the target value of CDF and CFF should be satisfied considering all the SAs caused by both internal and external events. External event PRA for prototype SFR is now under evaluation and we set out to satisfy the target value of CDF and CFF considering both internal and external events.  相似文献   

20.
福岛第一核电厂事故源项估算及方法比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文参考日本福岛第一核电厂的部分资料,利用美国核管会发布的《轻水堆核电厂事故源项》(NUREG-1465)以及国际原子能机构发布的《为轻水堆设计估算参考源项所提供的简化方法》(IAEA-TECDOC-1127)两份技术文件中的假设条件,分别计算出事故后由堆芯释放到安全壳内的放射性源项。同时通过对堆芯积存量、抑压水池净化...  相似文献   

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