氧分压对ZnO薄膜温差电动势的影响

研究了氧分压对ZnO薄膜温差电动势的影响.用直流反应磁控溅射方法成功地制备了C轴取向性能良好的ZnO薄膜.实验研究发现,温差电动势和磁温差电动势随温度的变化呈线形关系.氧分压越大,温差电动势率越小.研究结果还表明,磁温差电动势比温差电动势小.     

氧分压对磁控溅射ZnO薄膜生长行为和光学特性的影响

采用反应射频磁控溅射方法, 在Si(001)基片上制备了具有高$c$轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜. 利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、透射光谱和室温光致荧光光谱等分析技术, 研究了氧分压对薄膜的表面形貌和光学特性的影响. 研究结果显示: 0.04～0.23Pa的氧分压范围内, ZnO薄膜存在三个不同的生长模式, 薄膜生长模式转变的临界氧分压分别位于0.04～0.08Pa和0.16～0.19Pa之间; 在0.16Pa以下时, ZnO薄膜的表面岛呈+c取向的竹笋状生长; 当氧分压>0.19Pa时, 薄膜的表面岛以-c取向生长为主; ZnO薄膜的折射率、光学带隙宽度以及PL光谱强度均随着氧分压的增大而增大, 氧分压为0.19Pa时, 薄膜的发光峰最窄, 其半峰宽为88meV.     

Effect of Surface Roughness on Laser Induced Nonlinear Optical Properties of Annealed ZnO Thin Films

Variation of nonlinear optical properties with surface roughness of ZnO thin films deposited on corning glass substrates at different annealing temperature(TA) was reported.The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-Vis-NIR transmission and single beam z-scan technique using second harmonics of Nd:YAG laser.Surface morphology of the samples was investigated by atomic force microscopy(AFM).Surface roughness was found minimum(8.4 nm) for ZnO sample annealed at 450 ℃.The nonlinear optical properties(NLO) were found to be dependent on surface roughness and the highest value of third order nonlinear susceptibility(χ～(3)=4.3×10～(-7) esu) was obtained for ZnO at TA 450 ℃.     

Effect of Phosphor Addition on Intergranular Exchange Coupling of Co-Pt Thin Films

In this paper, ternary Co-Pt-P thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering with platinum and home-made Co-P chips pasted on the cobalt target. The structure and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. With increasing phosphor content, the coercivities of Co-12 at.% Pt-P films increase from 1034 to 1525 Oe owing to the exchange decoupling among magnetic grains. The decrease of inter-granular exchange coupling was confirmed by delta-M curve measurement and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) with nano- beam composition analysis shows that phosphor segregated at cobalt-based grain boundaries is responsible for the exchange decoupling. It is thus suggested that the phosphor addition is e?ective to tune the exchange coupling of magnetic grains, particularly for perpendicular recording media.     

Deduction of the Experimental Surface Impedance of YBCO Thin Films Using a Self-Consistent Calculation

Measurement of surface impedance of double sided microstrip line resonator patterned out of thin film YBCO has been carried out as a function of temperature and power (restricted to linear regime). New model of the current density distribution has been used in order to extract the real and imaginary parts of the surface impedance. This model is based on a sound physical theory rather than a phenomenological one. The introduction of the critical current density in this model has a great influence on the determination of the microwave loss mechanisms along the transmission lines. Several propagation quantities have been extracted using the above mentioned model. Using this model and an iteration method to determine the RF magnetic field, we were able to reproduce our experimental results of the quality factor and then determine the corresponding surface impedance as well as the kinetic inductance and the shift in the effective dielectric constant as a function of temperature.     

Effect of IR Irradiation on the Oxidation of Thin Cu–Ti Films on Si Substrates at Reduced Oxygen Pressure

The effect of IR irradiation on the low-pressure oxidation of thin Cu–Ti films grown on Si by magnetron sputtering is studied, and the phase composition of the films is determined before and after oxidation. The solid-state reactions involved are discussed, and a mechanism is proposed which accounts for the observed decrease in oxidation rate under IR irradiation.     

大面积YBCO高温超导双面薄膜的生长研究

采用倒筒式直流溅射(ICS)方法,辐射方式加热基片,通过电机带动基片旋转,在两面同时溅射沉积YBCO高温超导双面薄膜。在加热温度为850℃,总压强为35Pa,氧氩比为1∶2,靶基距50mm,基片转速5～40r／min条件下,在20mm×20mm的LaAlO     

An Iterative Method for Computing the Surface Resistance of YBCO Thin Films in the Nonlinear Regime of RF Power

A numerical method to find, in the nonlinear regime, the quality factor, the surface resistance, and the resonance frequency of YBCO microstrip line resonator, deposited on both sides of an MgO substrate, is presented. The numerical method is based on an iterative self-consistent technique used to find the RF magnetic field in the nonlinear regime of the dissipation mechanisms. The determination of the RF magnetic field yields to the corresponding surface resistance and resonance frequency. The dependence of the geometrical factor of the film on the RF magnetic field is discussed. This latter is usually used as constant in the literature. However, in our calculation this factor has a maximum at a certain RF input power.     

An Iterative Method for Computing the Surface Resistance of YBCO Thin Films in the Nonlinear Regime of RF Power

A numerical method to find, in the nonlinear regime, the quality factor, the surface resistance, and the resonance frequency of YBCO microstrip line resonator, deposited on both sides of an MgO substrate, is presented. The numerical method is based on an iterative self-consistent technique used to find the RF magnetic field in the nonlinear regime of the dissipation mechanisms. The determination of the RF magnetic field yields to the corresponding surface resistance and resonance frequency. The dependence of the geometrical factor of the film on the RF magnetic field is discussed. This latter is usually used as constant in the literature. However, in our calculation this factor has a maximum at a certain RF input power.     

Growth and Characterization of YBCO Thin Films by Sequential Deposition and Annealing

A novel thin film growth procedure, sequential deposition and annealing (SDA), which contains the advantages of both in situ and ex situ procedures, was proposed. Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_{7 – x} (YBCO) high temperature superconducting thin films were grown and characterized by the SDA procedure. Purely c-axis-oriented YBCO thin films with no foreign phases and other oriented grains were successfully prepared. The superconducting transition properties of SDA-grown YBCO thin films were measured by measurement of inductance and resistance. The inductance measurements gave a T _c ^onset of 85 K and a T _c of 5 K. The resistance measurements gave a T _c ^onset of 90 K and a T _c of 5 K. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that SDA-grown YBCO thin films had micrometer-size grains surrounded by many nanometer-size grains. The nanometer-size grains in SDA-grown YBCO thin films are responsible for degradation of superconducting transition properties.     

Comparison of Flux Pinning Mechanism in Laser Ablated YBCO and YBCO:BaZrO3 Nanocomposite Thin Films

Thin films of YBCO and YBCO:BaZrO₃ (BZO) nanocomposite have been deposited using the pulsed laser deposition technique. Substantial increase in critical current density (J _C ) and pinning force density (F _p ) of the nanocomposite thin films was observed. The possible pinning mechanism in YBCO:BZO nanocomposite thin films has been explored and compared with the pinning mechanism in pure YBCO thin film by studying the variation of J _C with magnetic field (B) and temperature. In the intermediate field regime (0.1–1 T), J _C follows B ^−α with nearly similar values of α for YBCO and YBCO:BZO nanocomposite thin films indicating similar pinning mechanism in both thin films. The variation of J _C with reduced temperature (t=T/T _C ) has been studied for both the films and it was observed that the mechanism of pinning in both YBCO and YBCO:BZO thin films is similar (δT _C pinning). The observed enhanced values of J _C and F _p of the nanocomposite thin film is attributed to the presence of BZO nanoparticles, which induces more defects due to lattice mismatch between YBCO and BZO leading to improved flux pinning properties of the nanocomposite thin film.     

金属有机沉积法制备YBCO薄膜的研究进展

钇钡铜氧(YBCO)涂层导体因具有高临界转变温度(Tc)、高临界电流密度(Jc)和高不可逆场(Hirr)而成为最有应用前途的超导材料.但是,高昂的生产成本限制了YBCO带材的大规模应用.YBCO带材是在薄金属基带上通过外延生长的方法获得并具有良好结晶度和机械强度的超导涂层,而不是采用粉末套管法.金属有机沉积技术(MOD)是一种有效的超导层制备方法,与其他方法相比,它具有不需真空设备、可精确调节薄膜组分以及可实现批量生产等优点.因此,MOD在YBCO带材的生产中具有广阔的应用前景.传统MOD是以金属三氟乙酸盐(TFA)为原料,在热解过程中,TFA前驱体薄膜的热分解导致薄膜厚度急剧减小,薄膜内应力增加.为了避免薄膜龟裂,原始的热解时间需要10～20 h,漫长的热解时间不符合带材的低成本制备要求.因此,研究人员不断改进MOD工艺,在确保YBCO薄膜超导性能的同时大幅缩短了热处理时间.随着研究人员对MOD工艺的不断改善,MOD工艺经历了从传统三氟乙酸盐?金属有机沉积法(TFA?MOD)到低氟三氟乙酸盐?金属有机沉积法(LF?MOD),再到无氟?金属有机沉积法(FF?MOD)的发展变化.目前,通过调节FF?MOD结晶过程的温度和氧分压,YBCO薄膜的外延生长速率已经达到100 nm/s.此外,近年来通过缩小第二相纳米颗粒尺寸来提高YBCO薄膜磁通钉扎性能的研究取得了长足进展.研究人员通过两步加热工艺和制备纳米颗粒的胶体溶液,成功将第二相纳米颗粒的尺寸减小到10～15 nm,Jc(77 K,1 T)从0.1 MA/cm2增大到0.45 MA/cm2.本文按照金属有机沉积法制备YBCO薄膜的发展路径综述了TFA?MOD、LF?MOD和FF?MOD的研究进展,并在此基础上对近年来化学溶液法制备长带和提高YBCO薄膜磁通钉扎性能的主要研究进行了综述和展望.     

3种表面处理对2E12-T3铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥离腐蚀行为的影响

为了有效控制2E12新型铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥离腐蚀破坏,对2E12-B铝合金表面分别进行了包铝、阳极氧化和微弧氧化处理,利用浸泡腐蚀试验、金相显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）等研究了表面处理对2E12-T3铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥离腐蚀行为的影响规律,探讨了作用机理。结果表明：2E12一13铝合金对晶间腐蚀和剥离腐蚀十分敏感,表面包铝、阳极氧化和微弧氧化均能显著提高2E12-13铝合金的抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥离腐蚀性能,其中微弧氧化处理提高抗晶间腐蚀性能的效果最好,表面包铝提高抗剥离腐蚀性能的效果最好。     

Influence of Deposition Pressure (O2) on the YBCO (Y123) Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

In this paper, the influence of oxygen pressure on film quality and superconducting properties of YBa₂Cu₃O_7?δ (YBCO-Y123) thin films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) was investigated. For this purpose, YBCO thin films were deposited on polished LaAlO₃ (l00) (LAO) substrates at three different oxygen pressures (150, 200, and 250 mTorr). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to make comparative studies of film microstructure. Except for oxygen pressures, all other variables such as number of pulses, repetition rate, deposition temperature, heating and cooling rate, target-substrate distance, laser excitation energy, annealing temperature, and annealing pressure were fixed. For this fixed set of parameters, SEM, XRD analysis, and AC susceptibility measurements of these films revealed that the crystal structure quality and superconducting properties of YBCO thin films are optimum at the oxygen deposition pressure of 150 mTorr. As the deposition pressure increased, Y₂BaCuO₅ (Y211) phase peaks were seen in XRD patterns. The reason for this was believed to be caused by decreased concentration of CuO and BaO as determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) of thin films.     

Two-Peak Temperature Dependence of Microwave Surface Impedance of Single-Crystalline YBCO Thin Films: Role of Pairing Symmetry and Defect Structure

Temperature dependencies of microwave surface impedance were measured for c-oriented highly perfect YBCO thin films deposited by off-axis dc magnetron sputtering onto CeO₂-buffered r-cut sapphire substrates. A distinct two-peak structure of R _s(T) and X _s(T) dependencies with peaks at 28–30, K and 50, K has been revealed. The peaks become smeared at higher frequencies or in applied dc magnetic field, while the peak positions remain almost unchanged. The two-peak Z _s(T) behavior is believed to be an intrinsic electron property of extremely perfect quasi-single-crystalline YBCO films. A theoretical model is suggested to explain the observed anomalous Z _s(T) behavior. The model is based on the Boltzman kinetic equation for quasiparticles in layered high-T _c superconductors (HTS) cuprates. It takes into account the supposed s + d wave symmetry of electron pairing and strong energy-dependent relaxation time of quasiparticles, determined mainly by their elastic scattering on extended defects parallel to the c-axis.     

衬底温度和生长氧压对La0.67Sr0.33MnO3:Ag0.08薄膜激光感生电压效应的影响

通过化学共沉淀法制备了La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃:Ag_0.08 (LSMO:Ag_0.08)多晶材料, 然后采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在LaAlO₃ (LAO)倾斜衬底上制备了LSMO:Ag_0.08薄膜。研究了衬底温度和生长氧压对薄膜结构、电输运特性及激光感生电压(LIV)效应的影响。结果表明: 当衬底温度为790℃、生长氧压为45 Pa时, 薄膜具有最大峰值电压(U_p)、优值(F_m)和各向异性Seebeck系数(ΔS); 在优化的衬底温度和生长氧压条件下, 长程Jahn-Teller协变引起ΔS数值提高, 这是LIV信号增强的主要原因。     

Study of the Usual and the Unusual Effect of a DC Magnetic Field on the Microwave Properties of Different Superconducting YBCO Thin Films

An experimental observation of the improvement of the microwave properties of high temperature superconductor thin film subjected to a weak DC magnetic field is reported. This characterization was done with two YBCO films deposited onto LaAlO₃ substrates and the coplanar resonator technique was used to extract their microwave properties. The results are presented as a comparison between the behaviors of a sample that exhibits an unusual effect with another sample that has a usual behavior. To understand the origins of such a difference, the crystallographic properties and the microstructure were investigated respectively by mean of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A major difference in terms of growth axis orientation and of granularity has been observed between the two samples. Based on the correlated variation of the surface resistance and the surface reactance of the considered sample, the presence of anomalous weak links and also of a-axis grains in one of the films could explain its unusual behavior.     

Pinning Energies and Relaxation Rates in Laser Ablated Al-Doped YBCO Superconducting Thin Films

Systematic magnetization measurements were performed on laser ablated Al-doped YBCO thin films in the temperature range from 4 to 80 K and fields up to 12 T. The magnetization as a function of logarithmic time in the temperature range from 10 to 80 K generally showed a linear behavior. This type of performance allows us to determine the temperature and field dependence of the apparent pinning potential on the basis of the Kim–Anderson model for thermal activation of flux motion. The relaxation rate values are calculated from the time-dependent magnetization curves. The relaxation rate dependence on temperature, magnetic field, and doping concentrations has been investigated for different Al concentrations and applied fields up to 5 T. A strong nonlinearity was observed for the relaxation rate dependence on both temperature and applied fields. The apparent pinning potential values, U _o, are estimated from the dependence of relaxation rates temperature curves using U _o=k _B T/S expression. The dependence of U _o on both temperature and fields is elaborated and discussed in detail. The pinning potential, U _o, increases with temperature up to 40 K, however, above 40 K, a rapid decrease of U _o has been observed. Besides, a noticeable decrease in U _o as the applied field increases up to 0.1 T for temperatures below 40 K, and it is almost field independent for temperatures exceeding 40 K.     

Pt／Ti电极的扩散行为及其对铁电薄膜的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ电极，用ＲＢＳ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ方法研究了Ｐｔ和Ｔｉ的扩散行为，发现在氧气氛中进行热处理造成Ｔｉ层的快速氧化，Ｔｉ厚度对Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ的扩散有很大影响。Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ的扩散造成其上的铁我差的显微结构和性能。