时变论域下红绿灯配时的语言动力学分析

城市道路不同时刻的车流量变化很大,建立与车流量变化相适应的红绿灯动态配时模型有利于缓解交通拥堵,减少出行者的等待时间.本文通过综合时变论域、平行控制理论、语言动力系统（Linguistic dynamic system,LDS）,提出了一种新的红绿灯控制方法.该方法以红绿灯不同时刻周期时长所形成的序列为时变论域,由各相位的排队长度确定对应的通行序列与时长,得到时变论域下红绿灯配时方案.该方案形成一个由实时车流数据驱动的动态模糊规则库来对红绿灯配时周期及相位通行序列与时长进行动态调整,进而形成红绿灯配时演化过程的语言动力学轨迹,最后通过实例验证该方案的有效性.     

时变论域下红绿灯配时的模糊控制

针对交叉口日益拥堵,交通信号灯配时设置的不合理问题,提出一种基于时变论域的模糊控制方法,给出了交通信号灯的实时配时方案。该配时方法通过动态地调整信号周期和绿灯时长,以匹配多变的交通流状况,实现了实时控制。以长沙市某十字路口为例验证了该方案的有效性,结果表明：与定时信号配时方法相比,该配时方法更有效的缓解了交叉口交通拥堵状况,增强了路口通行能力,减少了车辆延误时间。     

面向诱导的交通状态信息提取方法

为实现可变信息板（Variable Message Signs,VMS）的交通状态信息提取,选取速度、饱和度与交叉口平均延误作为交通参数,提出了基于模糊推理的关联路段交通状态信息提取方法。针对驾驶员的VMS信息响应特性,设计了面向拥挤状态的VMS诱导策略,在关联路段均处于拥挤状态时基于Vague集对交通状态进行排序,以判别交通状态相对最优的关联路段进行发布。以实际算例验证了该方法的有效性,所提出的VMS诱导策略能够逐步引导拥挤交通流的分流,并为驾驶员在拥挤状态下进行路径选择提供决策支持。     

基于激光传感数据的拥堵路口交通信号灯控制

针对城市车流高峰时段的道路拥堵问题,提出基于激光传感数据的交通信号灯智能控制方法研究。在道路两侧均匀布置激光传感器节点,采集实时的激光传感数据和车流量信息,并构建一种两层级的交通信号灯控制模型,以提取的交通路口实时传感数据作为输入项进行模糊推理,并求解出交通信号控制模糊子集,最后推导出当前车流长度、车辆在路口的平均滞留时长及车辆的延误时长等变量,达到缓解交通拥堵,提高通行效率的目的。仿真实验数据表明,提出的拥堵交通信号灯智能控制方法具有良好的控制效果,可以明显减少车辆延误时长,提高道路通行的效率和安全性。     

Traffic modeling, prediction, and congestion control for high-speednetworks: a fuzzy AR approach

In this study, a fuzzy autoregressive (fuzzy-AR) model is proposed to describe the traffic characteristics of high-speed networks. The fuzzy-AR model approximates a nonlinear time-variant process with a combination of several linear local AR processes using a fuzzy clustering method. We propose that the use of this fuzzy-AR model has greater potential for congestion control of packet network traffic. The parameter estimation problem in fuzzy-AR modeling is treated by a clustering algorithm developed from actual traffic data in high-speed networks. Based on the adaptive AR-prediction model and queueing theory, a simple congestion control scheme is proposed to provide an efficient traffic management for high-speed networks. Finally, using the actual Ethernet-LAN packet traffic data, several examples are given to demonstrate the validity of this proposed method for high-speed network traffic control     

Fuzzy neural-based control for nonlinear time-varying delay systems.

In this paper, a partially known nonlinear dynamic system with time-varying delays of the input and state is approximated by N fuzzy-based linear subsystems described by a state-space model with average delay. To shape the response of the closed-loop system, a set of fuzzy reference models is established. Similarly, the same fuzzy sets of the system rule are employed to design a fuzzy neural-based control. The proposed control contains a radial-basis function neural network to learn the uncertainties caused by the approximation error of the fuzzy model (e.g., time-varying delays and parameter variations) and the interactions resulting from the other subsystems. As the norm of the switching surface is inside of a defined set, the learning law starts; in this situation, the proposed method is an adaptive control possessing an extra compensation of uncertainties. As it is outside of the other set, which is smaller than the aforementioned set, the learning law stops; under this circumstance, the proposed method becomes a robust control without the compensation of uncertainties. A transition between robust control and adaptive control is also assigned to smooth the possible discontinuity of the control input. No assumption about the upper bound of the time-varying delays for the state and the input is required. However, two time-average delays are needed to simplify the controller design: 1) the stabilized conditions for every transformed delay-free subsystem must be satisfied; and 2) the learning uncertainties must be relatively bounded. The stability of the overall system is verified by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulations as compared with a linear transformed state feedback with integration control are also arranged to consolidate the usefulness of the proposed control.     

基于累积时延的流媒体传输模糊拥塞控制

为保证网络流媒体传输质量,在流媒体的传输中需要采用有效的拥塞控制策略.结合流媒体数据对时延敏感的特点,提出了一种基于累积时延的模糊拥塞控制算法,该算法在流媒体数据流传输过程中检测和跟踪其时延,在转发分组数据前,根据容忍时延阈值,丢弃超时数据包,减少不必要的带宽浪费,并且对所到达的数据流按照累积时延进行优先级分类,把全局性缓冲区和各队列的局部性缓冲区按照正常、拥塞避免和拥塞的规则划分为3个具有交叉过渡域的阶段,然后采用整体和局部相结合的拥塞控制方法,实现队列调度过程中的模糊处理,从而对网络拥塞进行有效的控制.理论分析和实验结果表明,使用基于累积时延的模糊拥塞控制算法,能有效改善流媒体的传输性能,是解决流媒体传输拥塞控制的有效途径,并能对提高网络性能起到重要作用.     

基于Smith的自适应模糊网络拥塞控制算法

针对网络拥塞控制系统中因网络时滞对主动队列管理算法产生的不利影响, 提出了一种基于Smith预估的自适应模糊主动队列管理算法。该算法将Smith预估控制与自适应模糊控制相结合, 利用Smith预估器补偿网络时滞, 同时运用模糊控制在一定程度上克服了传统Smith预估器对模型结构与参数的精确性过于敏感、鲁棒性差等缺点。仿真结果表明, 该方法可以使队列长度快速收敛到设定值, 同时维持较小的队列振荡, 尤其是在网络条件变化的情况下, 该算法优于传统PI控制、模糊控制和传统的滑模控制。     

单路口低饱和交通流的多相位混沌控制仿真研究

交通流是一个复杂的动态非线性系统,有时会出现混沌现象,混沌交通流的表现形式是交通无序状态。对混沌交通流,模糊控制受其原理限制,缩短延误时间的控制效果不佳。本文以低饱和交叉口信号控制问题为研究对象,提出了针对混沌交通流的实时混沌引导控制方法,并设计了相应的混沌控制器。利用MATLAB软件完成的仿真表明,混沌引导控制能将无序的交通流有序化,降低延误,增大道路通行能力,其效果优于模糊控制。     

Fuzzy-Based Dynamic Distributed Queue Scheduling for Packet Switched Networks

Addressing the problem of queue scheduling for the packet-switched system is a vital aspect of congestion control. In this paper, the fuzzy logic based decision method is adopted for queue scheduling in order to enforce some level of control for traffic of different quality of service requirements using predetermined values. The fuzzy scheduler proposed in this paper takes into account the dynamic nature of the Internet traffic with respect to its time-varying packet arrival process that affects the network states and performance. Three queues are defined, viz low, medium and high priority queues. The choice of prioritizing packets influences how queues are served. The fuzzy scheduler not only utilizes queue priority in the queue scheduling scheme, but also considers packet drop susceptibility and queue limit. Through simulation it is shown that the fuzzy scheduler is more appropriate for the dynamic nature of Internet traffic in a packet-switched system as compared with some existing queue scheduling methods. Results show that the scheduling strategy of the proposed fuzzy scheduler reduces packet drop, provides good link utilization and minimizes queue delay as compared with the priority queuing (PQ), first-in-first-out (FIFO), and weighted fair queuing (WFQ).     

基于模糊逻辑的高速网络自适应拥塞控制研究

基于模糊逻辑 ,利用自适应拥塞控制机制来预测高速网络 (如Internet中 )的拥塞问题 .把路由器的缓冲系统看作一个非线性离散动态系统 ,利用基于模糊逻辑的控制器来预测源端发送速率的确切值以防止拥塞的发生 .通过对参数向量的调节来估计无法预测的和具有统计波动性的网络通信量 ,并利用Lyapunov分析方法来验证闭环系统的稳定性 .最后 ,以一个仿真例子说明了所提出方法的有效性 .     

互联网中的模糊滑模拥塞控制策略

针对互联网中的拥塞控制问题, 基于滑模控制理论及T-S（Takagi-Sugeno）模糊模型,提出了一种模糊滑模拥塞控制策略。考虑到互联网中存在的不确定和时变时滞因素,采用T-S模糊模型对网络系统进行了建模。利用线性矩阵不等式设计了一个渐近稳定的滑模面,有效地补偿了不确定及时滞因素的影响。基于趋近律的方法设计了控制器,有效地抑制了路由器中队列长度的振荡。多种情况下的仿真对比表明,所提出的控制策略具有更好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

基于模糊参考模型机制的网络自适应拥塞控制

在高速通信网络的发展过程中,业务流呈现出的突发性和多样性为提高网络服务质量制造了更多的困难。该文提出的网络自适应拥塞控制方法以模糊参考模型机制的核心来提高主动队列管理算法在突发性网络状况中的适应能力,以2条信息通道分别实现主动队列管理的控制与学习功能,并结合参考模型机制实现模糊反向推理算法,针对网络突发性状况自适应调整主控制通道的控制行为。仿真研究表明,该控制方法提高了拥塞控制机制的自适应性能,并在自适应性能和实时性能上获得了较好的平衡。     

Cooperative multiagent congestion control for high-speed networks.

An adaptive multiagent reinforcement learning method for solving congestion control problems on dynamic high-speed networks is presented. Traditional reactive congestion control selects a source rate in terms of the queue length restricted to a predefined threshold. However, the determination of congestion threshold and sending rate is difficult and inaccurate due to the propagation delay and the dynamic nature of the networks. A simple and robust cooperative multiagent congestion controller (CMCC), which consists of two subsystems: a long-term policy evaluator, expectation-return predictor and a short-term rate selector composed of action-value evaluator and stochastic action selector elements has been proposed to solve the problem. After receiving cooperative reinforcement signals generated by a cooperative fuzzy reward evaluator using game theory, CMCC takes the best action to regulate source flow with the features of high throughput and low packet loss rate. By means of learning procedures, CMCC can learn to take correct actions adaptively under time-varying environments. Simulation results showed that the proposed approach can promote the system utilization and decrease packet losses simultaneously.     

Urban traffic congestion estimation and prediction based on floating car trajectory data

Traffic flow prediction is an important precondition to alleviate traffic congestion in large-scale urban areas. Recently, some estimation and prediction methods have been proposed to predict the traffic congestion with respect to different metrics such as accuracy, instantaneity and stability. Nevertheless, there is a lack of unified method to address the three performance aspects systematically. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimate and predict the urban traffic congestion using floating car trajectory data efficiently. In this method, floating cars are regarded as mobile sensors, which can probe a large scale of urban traffic flows in real time. In order to estimate the traffic congestion, we make use of a new fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in which the weights of multi-indexes are assigned according to the traffic flows. To predict the traffic congestion, an innovative traffic flow prediction method using particle swarm optimization algorithm is responsible for calculating the traffic flow parameters. Then, a congestion state fuzzy division module is applied to convert the predicted flow parameters to citizens’ cognitive congestion state. Experimental results show that our proposed method has advantage in terms of accuracy, instantaneity and stability.     

模糊自适应PID参数自整定控制器的研究

当控制系统中的被控对象存在纯滞后、时变或非线性等复杂因素时,普通的PID控制器的控制效果很难达到较好的控制效果,针对这一问题,应用模糊控制和自适应控制的知识,设计了模糊自适应PID参数自整定控制器,此控制器的比例系数、积分系数和微分系数可根据模糊推理规则进行在线调整。仿真结果表明,该控制方法提高了系统的动、静态特性,使该系统具有较好的鲁棒性。     

植保机钟摆式喷杆主动悬架自适应模糊控制

针对具有不确定性与参数时变性的钟摆式喷杆主动悬架系统的运动控制问题,设计出一种基于间接型自适应模糊控制方法的喷杆位姿主动控制器。为一种结构简单、成本低廉且应用广泛的钟摆式喷杆主动悬架系统建立了数学模型,并在此基础上,为了不失一般性,对系统模型进行了输入输出线性化变换。应用间接自适应模糊控制方法克服由于系统不确定性以及外部干扰带来的一些负面影响。此外,应用Lyapunov综合法设计控制器中调整参数的自适应律。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法具有快速响应性以及较强的自适应性和鲁棒性。所设计的控制器有利于提高植保机的喷雾均匀性及喷杆的稳定性。     

考虑边界交叉口交通拥堵的反馈阀门控制

基于路网宏观基本图(macroscopic fundamental diagram, MFD)实施城市区域交通控制时,为了防止边界交叉口受阻方向的车辆排队长度过长,同时提高路网内车辆完成率,提出了考虑受控区域边界交叉口交通拥堵状况的交通流反馈阀门控制方法,通过对边界控制阀门处路段存放车辆富余空间的分析,提出了阀门交叉口位置和数量选择模型;针对可能造成的阀门交叉口交通拥堵,提出了受控区域边界拥堵交通流分配算法,也即通过提前调节阀门上游交叉口的绿灯时间,把部分交通流提前控制在其它相邻上游交叉口.通过实际路网仿真,结果表明该方法可以有效控制阀门交叉口的车辆排队长度,降低阀门交叉口车辆平均延误时间和平均停车次数.     

基于自适应转发的大数据通信带宽时延感知拥塞控制技术

大数据通信带宽时延会导致通信拥塞故障,影响通信网络的正常运行,为此提出基于自适应转发的大数据通信带宽时延感知拥塞控制技术。根据通信网络的组成结构和通信原理,构建大数据通信网络模型。在该模型下,采集大数据通信带宽时延,通过特征提取与匹配,感知当前通信网络的拥塞状态。针对处于拥塞状态的通信信道,在考虑通信带宽的情况下,计算拥塞控制量,利用自适应转发技术调度并分配通信带宽,在差分流传输控制协议的支持下,实现大数据通信带宽时延感知拥塞控制。通过拥塞控制效果测试实验得出结论：与传统拥塞控制技术相比,在优化设计技术的控制作用下,移动通信网络的吞吐量有所增加,带宽时延降低了149.3ms,同时通信误码率降低了0.037%,即优化设计技术在拥塞控制效果方面具有明显优势。     

FLRED: an efficient fuzzy logic based network congestion control method

The number of applications running over computer networks has been increasing tremendously, which increased the number of packets running over the network as well leading to resource contention, which ultimately results in congestion. Congestion increases both delay and packet loss while reducing bandwidth utilization and degrading network performance. Network congestion can be controlled by several methods, such as random early detection (RED), which is the most well-known and widely used method to alleviate problems caused by congestion. However, RED and its variants suffer from linearity and parametrization problems. In this paper, we proposed a new method called fuzzy logic RED (FLRED), which extends RED by integrating fuzzy logic to overcome these problems. The proposed FLRED method relies on the average queue length (aql) and the speculated delay (D _Spec ) to predict and avoid congestion at an early stage. A discrete-time queue model is used to simulate and evaluate FLRED. The results showed that FLRED outperformed both RED and effective RED (ERED) by decreasing both delay and packet loss under heavy congestion. Compared with ERED and RED, FLRED decreased the delay by up to 1.5 and 4.5% and reduced packet loss by up to 6 and 30%, respectively, under heavy congestion. These findings suggest that FLRED is a promising congestion method that can save network resources and improve overall performance.