2030年世界能源使用预计增长50％

2008年6月底发布国际能源展望报告指出，在2005～2030年的25年内世界总的能源消费将增长50％，而增长最大的将来自发展中国家。据IEA2008国际能源展望报告的基准情况预测，除经合组织（OECD）以外的国家需求将增长85％，而主要由世界上工业化国家组成的OECD将增长19％。报告认为，OECD以外的国家年均经济增长率为5．2％，而OECD的年均经济增长率为2．3％。IEA按基准情况分析认为，石油和其他能源液体预计继续供应整个能源消费的最大部分，但其所占份额将从2005年37％下降至2030年33％，     

中国将成为世界最大能源消费和石油进口国

国际能源署（IEA）27日首次在中国发布《世界能源展望2013》报告。报告指出,中国将成为世界最大的能源消费国家和石油进口国。到2035年中国能源消耗总量将比当前水平增长50％;人均能源需求增长40％,达到与欧洲相同水平。     

社科院:中国能源需求趋势成全球最大变量

<正>证券日报"预计2014年后世界新增能源需求在中国、印度以及东南亚、中东、拉美和非洲等国家和地区进一步聚集,中国能源需求趋势成全球最大变量。"这是由中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所、社会科学文献出版社联合出版的《世界能源中国展望(2013~2014)》报告中的结论。报告认为,2011年至2035年中国能源需求的增长速度为2.23%,高于国际能源署(IEA)新政策情景下的     

甲醇制氢技术的经济特性

近年来，世界范围内出现了“能源危机”，这主要是世界能源的贮量构成和消费结构失调引起的。面对“能源危机”的现实，开发替代能源已成为必然趋势，甲醇及其由甲醇制氢就是替代能源之一。世界各国能源结构也处于战略转移的过程中，甲醇制氢技术将会受到人们的重视。     

2035年美国能源真能独立？

国际能源署（IEA）11月12日发布的《世界能源展望》预计,美国2017年将超越沙特成为全球最大产油国,2035年将实现能源自给自足。尽管近年来有关美国非常规油气开发将推动国际能源格局转变的论断早已不绝于耳,但这家国际能源机构对美国能源前景的预测堪称最为乐观。不过,笔者对此不敢苟同。     

美国“能源独立”的思考和启示

综述了美国从“能源独立”到能源供不足需、以及能源自给率重新提高的发展过程，分析了美国“能源独立”对全球的影响，指出了其对我国能源发展道路的启示和借鉴意义。     

我国可再生能源投资金额列世界第二

据报告，我国2007年在可再生能源项目的投资总额已经名列世界第二，排名仅次于德国。据英国广播公司1日的报道，环境团体“气候组织”的研究报告指出，2007年中国在可再生能源项目投资了120亿美元。     

煤炭将是消费增长最快的能源

美国能源情报署近期发布的《2007国际能源展望》报告预测，由于从长远看国际原油价格将持续上涨，因此2004～2030年，煤炭将是世界上消费增长最快的能源，平均年增速将达到2．2%；天然气消费量的年均增长率将为1．9％。     

天然气将超煤炭成第二大能源

埃克森美孚化工公司近日发布了最新版《2030年能源展望报告》。报告称,至2030年,世界能源结构将发生重大改变。天然气占全球能源的比例将从约20％增至约25％,将超过煤炭成为世界第二大能源;风能、太阳能和生物燃料等新能源在全球能源中的比例将达到3％左右;全球液体燃料产量将增加,主要来源于非欧佩克国家生产的原油和天然气凝析液（NGLs）、加拿大油砂及生物燃料;页岩气和煤层气等非常规天然气将增长5倍。     

要闻与动态

天然气将超煤炭成第二大能源埃克森美孚化工公司近日发布了最新版《2030年能源展望报告》。报告称,至2030年,世界能源结构将发生重大改变。天然气占全球能源的比例将从约20%增至约25%,将超过煤炭成为世界第二大能源;风能、太阳能和生物燃料等新能源在全球能源中     

Contrasting energy efficiency in various ceramic sintering processes

Regarding the recent energy costs and environmental concerns, energy efficient and sustainable manufacturing processes have become important topics. In this paper, a number of novel sintering methods were reviewed to illustrate their potential to reduce energy consumption during ceramic processing. Three approaches: adding sintering aid, increasing heating rate, and applying electric field on the reduction of the energy consumption were considered, and the underlying mechanism in each approach was explored. Next, the laser sintering that is utilized in additive manufacturing approaches and the new Cold Sintering Process (CSP) were introduced as potential techniques for the further improvement of energy efficiency. Since the need of furnaces was eliminated in these latter techniques, their heat dissipation during sintering would significantly decline. For example, it was demonstrated that the energy consumption for BaTiO₃ powder can decrease from 2800 kJ/g for conventional techniques to 30 kJ/g for CSP. A simple parameter, “Normalized Excess Energy”, was used as a first order approximation to compare the energy merit in the different sintering techniques.     

2040年世界能源展望--埃克森美孚2016版预测报告简介

埃克森美孚公司2016年最新发布的《2040年世界能源展望》认为：2014–2040年（预测期）全球能源需求将增长26%,天然气将占增量的40%,2040年石油仍是第一大能源。北美洲在2020年前后将成为石油净出口地区。预测期内,全球运输部门的能源需求增长30%,主要来自非OECD国家;到2040年,电动车占全年新车销售比重将升至40%;车辆平均燃油消耗将从2014年的每百公里约9.41 L减少到2040年的约5.23 L。全球和中国的碳排放量预计在2030年前后达到峰值。     

我国粮食干燥节能途径

能耗是衡量粮食干燥机技术性能好差的一项经济指标。介绍了粮食干燥能耗情况，分析了粮食干燥的节能途径，供设计粮食干燥机时合理选用。     

Analysis of Energy Consumption in Drying Process of Biomaterials Using a Combined Unsymmetrical Double-Feed Microwave and Vacuum System (CUMV)—Case Study: Tea Leaves

An energy analysis of drying of biomaterials (tea leaves) was conducted on a combined unsymmetrical double-feed microwave and vacuum system (CUMV) to optimize the operating conditions and quality of the products. Tea leaves were dried from an initial moisture content of 172 to 7% (db). An energy consumption model based on the first law of thermodynamics was developed to evaluate energy efficiency. The influences of microwave power, vacuum pressure, and microwave operation modes on energy consumption were investigated in detail. The results showed that energy consumption as well as energy efficiency were strongly dependent on vacuum pressure and microwave power. Energy consumption and color parameters of the tea leaves were compared at different drying conditions. In particular, the experiments were carried out at different microwave powers (800 and 1,600 W) at a frequency of 2,450 MHz and different vacuum pressures (535 and 385 torr) to investigate the effects of these factors on the microwave–vacuum drying.     

水泥工程能源管理系统建设与应用

能源管理是水泥企业管理中不可或缺重要部分之一,文章介绍了水泥工业能源管理系统的建设内容与步骤,以国内建材行业的水泥生产基地为例,分析了水泥工程项目全流程能源管理系统的建设和优势。     

Energy and exergy analyses of seawater desalination system integrated in a solar heat transformer

Among the numerous options to improve the energy efficiency of desalination plants stands out the absorption heat transformer. A heat transformer is a device, which can deliver heat at a higher temperature than the temperature of the fluid by which it is fed. Solar thermal energy can be used as heat input for single effect heat transformer while the high grade thermal energy delivered by the heat transformer can be used as heat source for water desalination.In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the combination: flat plate solar collectors, a single effect heat transformer and desalination system (distillation process) used to provide a beach house located in Skikda (East of Algeria; Latitude 36.52°N, Longitude 6.57°E) with drinking water. This system produces about 500 l of drinking water per day in July.Mathematical models of the solar flat plate collectors (FPC), absorption heat transformer (AHT) operating with the water/lithium bromide solution and the overall desalination system (WP) were developed to simulate the performance of this combination system. The energy and exergy analyses are carried out for each component of the system. All exergy losses that exist in this solar desalination system are calculated. Energy and exergy efficiencies are estimated.     

Single-phased emission-tunable Ca3Si2O7:Ce,Eu phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

A series of single-phased emission-tunable Ca₃Si₂O₇:Ce³⁺, Eu²⁺ phosphors has been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The phosphors show two intense emission bands at about 450 nm and 610 nm, which are attributed to the 5d→4f transitions of Ce³⁺ and Eu²⁺ ions, respectively. The emission colors of Ca₃Si₂O₇:Ce³⁺, Eu²⁺ phosphors vary from blue (0.148, 0.147) to white (0.309, 0.260), and eventually to orange (0.407, 0.319) by tuning the Eu²⁺/Ce³⁺ ratio. Energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Eu²⁺ is studied by luminescence spectra and energy transfer efficiency. The results show an electric quadrupole–quadrupole interaction plays an important role in the process of energy transfer. The phosphors with tunable emission are suitable for application in white light-emitting diodes.     

Energy Dissipation Rates of Newtonian and Non‐Newtonian Fluids in a Stirred Vessel

Energy dissipation rates of water and glycerol as Newtonian fluids and carboxyl methyl carbonate solution as non‐Newtonian fluid in a stirred vessel are investigated by 2D particle image velocimetry and compared. Mean velocity profiles reflect the Reynolds (Re) number similarity of two flow fields with different rheological properties, but the root mean square velocity profiles differ in rheology at the same Re‐number. Energy dissipation rates are estimated by direct calculation of fluctuating velocity gradients. The varying energy dissipation rates of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids result from the difference in fluid rheology and apparent viscosity distribution which decides largely the flow pattern, circulation intensity, and rate of turbulence generation.     

国内三氯氢硅精馏节能技术应用进展

综述了系统耦合节能技术在国内三氯氢硅精馏工艺中的应用现状。介绍和分析了多效精馏、热泵精馏、热耦合精馏、差压耦合精馏及其有机结合在三氯氢硅精馏节能降耗方面的应用现状。讨论了三氯氢硅精馏节能技术的发展趋势,并指出系统耦合节能技术的大力实施是我国多晶硅行业追赶国际先进水平的有效途径。     

注塑机节能中变量泵与变频技术的应用现状

注塑机节能是目前研究的一大热点,在动力驱动系统节能方面,主要有两种节能方式:即采用比例变量泵进行节能与变频器驱动定量泵节能,对这两种主要节能方式的特点进行了详细介绍,并论述了注塑机节能技术的发展趋向.