赤霞珠、蛇龙珠和玫瑰香葡萄酒芳香性成分的差异性研究

芳香类物质种类及含量的差异是决定葡萄酒风味的重要因素。本文对赤霞珠、蛇龙珠和玫瑰香葡萄酒的芳香性成分进行探讨分析。结果表明,3种葡萄酒中3-甲基-1-丁醇的含量最高,相对含量分别为20.61%、21.00%和15.54%;次之为丁二酸单乙酯,含量分别为17.90%、8.94%和16.55%;再次为乳酸乙酯,含量分别为12.36%、17.01%和12.06%。赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中特有的检出成分为乙酸异戊酯和丙酸;玫瑰香葡萄酒中特有的检出成分为3-乙氧基丙醇。蛇龙珠葡萄酒中没有检出1-丁醇、4-酮基-戊酸乙酯和癸酸乙酯,赤霞珠和玫瑰香葡萄酒中均有上述成分;玫瑰香葡萄酒中未检测到(顺)3-己烯-1-醇和糠醇。     

不同果酒挥发性风味物质对比分析

以4种不同果酒（青梅酒、桃花酒、杨梅酒、桑葚酒）为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）对其挥发性风味成分进行测定,并对其挥发性风味物质进行主成分分析（PCA）,建立综合评分模型对不同果酒挥发性成分进行综合评价。结果表明,4种不同果酒中共检测出79种挥发性风味成分,其中,醇类17种、醛类16种、酮类8种、酯类18种、脂肪酸类5种、萜烯类11种及其他类4种,醇类物质相对含量最高,青梅酒、桃花酒、杨梅酒、桑葚酒的醇类相对含量分别为30.17%、25.15%、28.08%、28.41%。PCA结果表明,4种果酒综合得分按高低顺序依次为青梅酒>桑葚酒>杨梅酒>桃花酒。     

3种浸渍酶对蛇龙珠葡萄酒香气影响的比较

香气是葡萄酒的重要感官成分,它来自于葡萄浆果、酿造和陈酿各阶段.葡萄酒酿造过程中添加浸渍酶有助于葡萄中香气前体物的浸出,增加葡萄酒的芳香潜能.本研究采用顶空固相微革取(HS-SPME)技术提取香气物质,气相色谱与质谱联用(GC-MS)技术定性定量分析香气物质,比较了FCE、Vinozym G和Ex-colour 3种浸渍酶对蛇龙珠葡萄酒香气物质的影响.结果显示,3种浸渍酶处理的蛇龙珠葡萄酒中主要香气成分相似,但含量有所差异.添加Vinozym G浸渍酶处理的酒中酯类、酸类、醇类、萜烯类、酮类、苯环衍生物类等各类香气物质总量均达到最高,对萜烯类香气物质的浸促作用尤为显著;表明VinozymG浸渍酶更有利于增强蛇龙珠葡萄酒的芳香潜力.     

固相微萃取气相色谱质谱联用法分析6个食用玫瑰品种的芳香成分

目的:研究6个品种食用玫瑰的芳香性物质成分。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取技术对6个不同品种食用玫瑰样品的香味物质进行萃取,经气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分离和检测,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行鉴定,最后应用色谱峰面积归一法计算各成分的相对含量。结果:6个不同品种食用玫瑰中共检测出117种芳香成分,其中共同化合物13种,分别是香茅醇、香叶醇、苯乙醇、2-蒎烯、苯乙醛、苯甲醛、戊醛、癸烷、甲基庚烯酮、正癸醛、2,4-戊二烯醛、十一烷、硼酸。结论:顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱技术可以简便快捷准确地进行玫瑰花挥发性成分的分析鉴定。     

应用香气化合物多维统计分析方法建立赤霞珠葡萄酒原产地模型

以烟台、新疆、宁夏与北京四大产区32款赤霞珠葡萄酒作为实验样本,采用搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)与气相色谱-质谱联(GC-MS)、液液微萃取技术(LLME)与气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)定量分析了葡萄酒中59种挥发性香气成分。定量数据运用多维统计方法进行分析,通过方差分析(ANOVA)与主成分分析(PCA)选出13种代表性化合物作为葡萄酒产地判别的自变量(4-萜品醇、1-壬醇、2-苯乙醇、乙酸2-苯乙酯、3-甲硫基-1-丙醇、苯甲酸、4-甲基苯酚、α-萜品醇、癸酸、辛酸乙酯、3-辛醇、2-壬醇、棕榈酸乙酯),用这13种物质进行判别分析(DA)并建立了赤霞珠葡萄酒的原产地鉴定模型。该模型对32款不同产区的葡萄酒进行了正确的分类,交叉验证的结果显示,对未知样品归类的准确率到达100%,充分肯定了此模型对赤霞珠葡萄酒原产地鉴别的能力。     

川法小曲白酒香气成分测定条件优化

利用顶空固相微萃取(HS—SPME)技术和气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC—MS)相结合的方法,定性分析川法小曲白酒香气成分组成,并对影响顶空固相微萃取效果的因素进行优化。试验结果表明:20%vol、45%装液量、0.1g/mL氯化钠、45℃平衡温度、平衡30min、萃取50min下萃取效果最佳。该条件下,测得川法小曲白酒中45种香气成分,其中酯类29种,醇类5种,醛类1种,其它成分10种。     

三种不同珠干红葡萄酒品质的对比性研究

选取烟台地区的赤霞珠、梅鹿辄和蛇龙珠葡萄为原料,采用相同的工艺酿造干红葡萄酒,对酒的品质进行对比研究。结果表明,酒中3-甲基-1-丁醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、1-己醇、β-苯乙醇、4-羟基-苯乙醇、甘油、丁二酸单乙酯、1,4丁内酯和丁二酸二乙酯的含量为赤霞珠＞梅鹿辄＞蛇龙珠。赤霞珠、梅鹿辄葡萄酒中2-甲基-1-丙醇的含量均高于蛇龙珠葡萄酒。蛇龙珠葡萄酒中丙醇、1-丁醇、丁二醇的含量较高。蛇龙珠葡萄酒中乳酸含量最高,而梅鹿辄葡萄酒中酒石酸含量最高。梅鹿辄、赤霞珠葡萄酒中杨梅素、槲皮素含量分别为蛇龙珠葡萄酒的5.0倍、6.4倍和19.6倍、44.5倍。蛇龙珠葡萄酒中除对香豆酸外,其余酚类物质的含量较少。梅鹿辄和赤霞珠葡萄酒的感官得分高于蛇龙珠葡萄酒。     

不同产区赤霞珠葡萄酒酚类物质特征性分析

目的 探究赤霞珠葡萄酒酚类物质的产区差异性。方法 利用高效液相色谱,分析了新疆天山北麓产区、焉耆盆地产区与山东半岛产区赤霞珠葡萄酒中酚类物质组成与含量,结合多元统计方法进行评价。结果 新疆天山北麓产区、焉耆盆地产区与山东半岛产区赤霞珠葡萄酒的酚类物质含量差异较大,其中新疆两产区的原花青素B1、儿茶素、表儿茶素、对香豆酸、总黄烷醇类、总黄酮醇类、总类黄酮及总酚含量显着高于山东半岛产区(P<0.05),焉耆盆地产区芦丁、槲皮苷、白藜芦醇含量显着高于山东半岛产区(P<0.05)。基于酚类物质的聚类分析结果显示,当欧氏距离超过15时,山东半岛产区样品聚为一类,新疆两个产区葡萄酒样品聚在一起;基于酚类物质的Fisher判别分析能区分山东半岛产区样品,对新疆两个产区个别样品有误判,回代检验与交叉验证合计正确率分别为91.30%和86.96%。结论 新疆天山北麓、焉耆盆地与山东半岛产区赤霞珠葡萄酒酚类物质具有明显的产地差异性。     

葡萄品种、产区及酿造工艺对酒中白藜芦醇的影响

用高效液相色谱方法研究了葡萄品种、葡萄产区和不同酿造工艺对干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量的影响.结果表明:梅鹿辄葡萄酒中白藜芦醇总量比赤霞珠葡萄酒高30.7%～34%,其中反式白藜芦醇含量显著高于赤霞珠葡萄酒,达到60%～70%;西部宁夏产区的葡萄酒白藜芦醇总量比东部天津蓟县产区的葡萄酒高10.9%;使用佳尼美德发酵罐比立式罐发酵的葡萄酒白藜芦醇总量高4.9%.     

Extracts from red muscadine and cabernet sauvignon wines induce cell death in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells

Red wine contains a diversity of polyphenolic compounds that exert beneficial health effects including anti-cancer effects. This trial evaluated the anti-proliferative potential of red muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) and red cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) wines in cell culture. Chemical properties of wines were determined by HPLC-PDA analysis and concentrated extracts of each wine were evaluated before and after glycosidic hydrolysis in MOLT-4 leukemia cells. Cell growth and the induction of apoptosis were evaluated after exposure to various extract dilutions. Wine extracts reduced cell viability up to 68% and cell numbers up to 50% after 48 h with muscadine extracts being more effective than cabernet sauvignon. Caspase-3 activity was induced similarly by all extracts in a dose dependent manner. Cell cycle arrest in the G₂/M phase was observed for both muscadine and the non-hydrolyzed cabernet sauvignon extract. Collectively, extracts from both wines exerted anti-cancer effects in leukemia cells.     

河西地区不同产地赤霞珠干红葡萄酒挥发性成分分析

以甘肃河西走廊产区5个不同产地葡萄园的赤霞珠葡萄为原料,分别发酵酿造干红葡萄酒,并对样品进行挥发性成分分析,共检测出107种物质,其中主要成分有58种,包括醇类物质19种,酯类物质18种、酸类物质5种、羰基类9种以及其他7种。对比不同产地赤霞珠干红酒发现其挥发性成分在种类和含量均有差异,并表现为各自特有的品质特性。     

Characterization of odor-active compounds in three varieties of ciruela (Spondias purpurea L.) fruit

The aroma-active compounds present in tree ripened fruits of ciruela (Spondias purpurea L.) cultivars Chi abal, Campech abal, and Ek abal were isolated by means of simultaneous distillation solvent extraction and solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Application of odor activity values (OAV) afforded 22 compounds in higher amounts than their threshold concentrations (OAVs >1). Results of the identification experiments in combination with the OAVs suggested that methyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, with fruity odor notes; (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, with grassy odor notes, and limonene (citrus-like) were the potentially important common odorants in all ciruela cultivars. Clear differences in the OAVs of some odorants between each of the cultivars suggested that they contributed to the unique sensory profiles of the individual cultivars.     

赤霞珠和梅鹿辄干红葡萄酒的香气分析

本文以王朝赤霞珠、梅鹿辄两种干红葡萄酒为研究对象,利用液液萃取法提取香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行分析,两种干红葡萄酒中共检出77种香气组分,根据计算机检索定性并利用面积归一化法对组分进行定量,鉴定出70种香气组分。     

三种不同发酵程度的台湾乌龙茶香气成分对比研究

采用顶空固相微萃取（headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）对3种不同发酵程度的台湾乌龙茶香气成分进行了研究,并比较了三种乌龙茶之间香气成分上的差异性。结果表明,在3种乌龙茶中共鉴定出香气成分72种,其中文山包种和冻顶乌龙茶香气成分较接近,但和东方美人茶之间差异较大;文山包种茶的香气成分主要是橙花叔醇、α-法呢烯、吲哚、茉莉内酯、顺-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯、咖啡因、茉莉酮酸甲酯和β-紫罗酮等;冻顶乌龙茶的香气成分主要是α-法呢烯、橙花叔醇、吲哚、茉莉内酯、香叶醇、2,6,10,14-四甲基-十五烷、顺-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯、咖啡因、β-紫罗酮、十六酸甲酯和香叶基丙酮等;而东方美人茶的香气成分主要是芳樟醇氧化物、橙花叔醇、十六酸、β-紫罗酮、芳樟醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、咖啡因、香叶醇、己酸-3-己烯酯、香叶基丙酮、植酮和顺-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯等。经对比发现,不同发酵程度的乌龙茶在香气成分上的相似和差异性可能与茶叶的加工工艺密切有关。      

猕猴桃琥珀酒和猕猴桃桃红酒的香气成分GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对2种不同猕猴桃酒中主要香气成分进行了分析研究,共鉴定出101种香气成分,其中猕猴桃琥珀酒和猕猴桃桃红酒分别检测到54、78种香气成分,其中32种是二者共有的.猕猴桃琥珀酒的主要香气成分为辛酸乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯,其相对含量分别为19.11％和13.58％,猕猴桃桃红酒中的主要香气成分为辛酸乙酯和苯乙醇,其相对含量分别为为14.52％、12.96％.     

马铃薯及其蒸馏酒香气成分的鉴定

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The effect of oak wood source, location of seasoning and coopering on the composition of volatile compounds in oak-matured wines

The effect of geographical origin and place of seasoning and coopering of oakwood on the concentration of 20 compounds extracted into, or formed in, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and model wines during barrel maturation is described. The oak from which the barrels were fabricated was sourced from the Vosges and Limousin regions and the Tronçais forest in France, and from Ohio in the USA, and was seasoned in either Australia, France or the USA. Wines matured in Vosges oak barrels contained the highest concentrations of cis and trans- oak lactone and eugenol. The Limousin oak barrels imparted lower levels of cis- oak lactone and eugenol to the wines than did the other French oaks. However, the Limousin-oaked wines were richer in these compounds than the American-oaked wines. These results reflected the previously reported composition profiles of the oak-wood from which the barrels were fabricated. Oak seasoned and coopered in Australia generally imparted more cis- oak lactone, eugenol and the coopering products vanillin and furfural into the wines than did the oak seasoned in France or the USA. Although medium toast had been specified for all barrels, there was considerable variability in the concentration of compounds formed by coopering in the wines. Apparent random microbiological activity in the wines also contributed substantially to variation in wine composition. As a likely result of coopering and microbiological variability, few consistent origin or seasoning effects on the compounds resulting from coopering or microbiological action during oak maturation were observed.