冷轧板表面色差缺陷控制

针对唐山国丰钢铁冷轧板表面色差缺陷,对生产数据进行了统计分析.运用电镜对缺陷部位进行了能谱分析,认为结晶器弯月面处铜板裂纹是造成冷轧板产生色差缺陷的根源.通过优化连铸工序操作、强化设备管理,冷轧板表面色差缺陷得到有效控制.     

连铸圆坯表面网状裂纹特征分析与控制

采用酸浸低倍检测、电子显微镜、电子探针等手段对圆坯表面网状裂纹特征和形成原因进行了分析。研究发现圆坯表面网状裂纹沿粗大奥氏体晶界呈网状分布，存在明显脱碳现象，裂纹内富集As元素。分析表明圆坯表面网状裂纹的形成原因是钢中As元素含量高导致的奥氏体晶界As元素富集和过热度高导致的奥氏体晶粒粗大。据此进行了控制圆坯表面网状裂纹的工艺优化措施，控制钢中As元素质量分数在0.008%以内、控制钢水过热度在20～35℃、降低结晶器保护渣熔点并提高黏度，取得了显著效果。     

10B21螺栓头部开裂原因分析及改善措施

针对10B21线材拉拔后在加工M7螺栓过程中发生螺栓头部开裂质量问题,对螺栓进行金相组织检测、电镜能谱检测分析.金相组织检测分析表明,该质量问题是由于盘条表面存在裂纹,经拉拔后存留钢丝,加工螺栓时开裂;利用电镜能谱对裂纹处检测分析,发现P、Cr、Na、O元素较高,可判定盘条表面裂纹为钢坯内裂造成.通过分析10B21螺栓头部开裂原因,提出了改善10B21方坯质量的措施和方法.     

高强钢表面裂纹产生原因分析与控制

对济钢新开发的高强钢中厚板出现的表面裂纹进行了系统的分析,高强钢裂纹主要表现为小纵裂、星形或网状裂纹。扫描电镜分析表明,高强钢裂纹处存在较多的O、Ca、Mg、Na、Cu等元素,钢水碳含量、连铸工序、加热时间等是高强钢产生裂纹的主要原因。采取严格控制钢水碳含量、优化连铸工艺和加热工艺等技术措施后,使高强钢中厚板表面裂纹大幅度减少。     

双相钢表面山峰纹问题分析与控制

在生产过程中,热镀锌双相钢表面出现明显的山峰纹缺陷,严重影响热镀锌双相钢产品的表面质量。缺陷处有漏镀、锌层不均和抑制层形成不良等特征,基板表层有脱碳及微裂纹、表层毛刺突起等现象。通过分析认为,基板表层微裂纹是造成热镀锌双相钢表面山峰纹的根本原因。采用低温快烧的加热制度,适当降低轧制温度,合理控制除鳞及酸洗工艺,降低热卷厚度以降低冷轧压下率,可有效控制冷轧板浅表层微裂纹的形成,从而有效解决热镀锌双相钢表面山峰纹问题。     

热镀锌双相钢表面粗糙问题分析与控制

 目前强度级别较高的双相钢产品已经可以普遍采用热镀锌工艺生产,热镀锌双相钢在生产过程中,表面出现明显的粗糙缺陷,形成边部与中部的色差,严重影响热镀锌双相钢产品表面质量。粗糙缺陷伴随粗糙度异常升高、锌层不均、抑制层形成不良、基板表面微裂纹等现象。分析认为,基板表面微裂纹是造成热镀锌双相钢表面粗糙的主要原因。热轧态组织和冷轧压下率是决定冷硬板浅表层微裂纹形成的关键因素。通过优化卷取温度及热轧卷厚度,改善热轧态组织及降低冷轧压下率,可有效控制冷轧板表面浅表层微裂纹的形成,从而良好解决热镀锌双相钢表面粗糙问题。     

DH36热轧钢板纵向裂纹分析

钢板表面的纵向裂纹严重影响钢板表面质量和成材率.分析裂纹形成原因,消除钢板表面裂纹,有利于提高产品质量及产品竞争力.用光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜对DH36钢板出现的表面纵裂纹进行了观察和分析,发现钢板裂纹的深度在100 μm左右,宽度小于0.5 mm.在发裂纹中出现的夹杂物主要是氧化铁,其它夹杂物类型有:纯SiO2,FeO/MnO与硅铝酸盐复合夹杂(CaO-Al2O3-SiO2,MgO-Al2O3-SiO2)夹杂物,在轧制过程中形成裂纹源,能谱仪分析结果还显示钢的基体在裂纹附近并没有出现杂质元素(Cu和As)的富集.钢板裂纹处氧化更严重,脱碳层厚度增加,以此推断裂纹应该在轧制加热前就已经出现.改善铸坯质量是消除DH36热轧钢板纵向裂纹的关键.     

316L不锈钢冷轧板表面缺陷分析和工艺改进

316L不锈钢0.3~4.0 mm冷轧板的冶金生产流程为180 t EAF-AOD-LF-200 mm连铸板坯-热轧2.5~14.0 mm板-冷轧。通过对连铸坯、热轧卷以及冷轧板的化学成分、金相和扫描电镜及能谱检测,并对316L不锈钢冷轧板表面出现的线状缺陷进行了分析。结果表明,连铸坯表面振痕较深,有凹坑,并且存在深度≤300μm微裂纹缺陷;热轧板表面存在线状缺陷,缺陷附近存在大面积的氧化区域;冷轧板缺陷处(S含量0.001%,Cr_(当量)/Ni_(当量)=1.58)未发现较大尺寸的夹杂物。得出冷轧板线状缺陷源来自连铸坯,在加热炉中被严重氧化,最终形成冷轧板表面线状缺陷。通过将铸坯拉速从1.1 m/min降至1.0m/min,钢水过热度从45℃降至40℃,二冷比水量从1.0 kg/t降至0.9 kg/t,铸坯修磨用砂轮由16~#改为20~#等工艺措施,冷轧板表面缺陷大幅减少。     

消除GCr15钢轧材研磨裂纹

金属制品研磨时如果磨料内应力高出金属强度一倍,表面就会出现裂纹。第聂伯炼钢厂对ＧＣｒ15钢105～190ｍｍ方坯在研磨中化学成分和组织结构等因素对表面裂纹形成的影响以及研磨制度工艺参数进行了研究。。在研究化学成分作用时,用统计方法采用标准换算来估测基本元素(Ｃ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｐ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ａｌ)中两组主要元素平均含量差别来确定是否有研磨裂纹。从66炉钢水中取样分成两组:140～190ｍｍ正方坯轧材和105ｍｍ×105ｍｍ方坯,每组选两炉轧材,研磨后表面有裂纹的和表面不出现裂纹的与其化学成分平均含量相比较。资料表明,10%以…     

304不锈钢冷轧薄板表面线缺陷的形貌

研究了304不锈钢冷轧薄板表面出现的线缺陷的形貌,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察连铸板坯、热轧板带和冷轧板的微观组织,分析冷轧板上线缺陷的微观形貌.结果表明,冷轧304不锈钢板的线缺陷是一种微观"沟槽",在线缺陷沟槽边缘存在氧化膜,有的氧化膜呈多层台阶式结构,主要是铬和铁的氧化物,某些氧化膜的边缘存在Mg、Ca、Al等元素.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.