轴棒法C/C复合材料界面刚度性能的研究

以渐进损伤方法和双线性内聚力模型为理论基础,结合ABAQUS用户子程序USDFLD对轴棒法C/C复合材料的界面刚度进行了研究.结果表明,轴棒法C/C复合材料的界面切向刚度介于1.0×105～0.5×104 N/mm3;当界面刚度取值过高时,计算得到的极限破坏载荷过低;当界面刚度取值过低时,计算得到的弹性模量偏低.     

界面性能对轴棒法耐烧蚀C/C复合材料轴向拉伸性能的影响规律研究

为指导轴棒法耐烧蚀C/C复合材料的后处理工艺的实施,以渐进损伤方法和双线性内聚力模型为理论基础,结合ABAQUS用户子程序USDFLD对轴棒法C/C复合材料界面性能对轴向弹性模量和极限破坏载荷影响规律进行了研究.研究结果表明,随着界面强度的增加,轴向弹性模量和极限破坏载荷逐渐增加;随着界面断裂能的增加,轴向弹性模量几乎...     

热处理温度对热解炭及炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响

以丙烷为气源,采用等温等压化学气相渗透技术制备了炭/炭复合材料,利用X射线衍射、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、纳米压痕仪、三点弯曲法研究了热处理温度对热解炭以及炭/炭复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响.微观结构观察显示随着热处理温度的升高,热解炭层间距减小,同时石墨化度提高;由于发生了局部应力石墨化,热解炭出现同心微裂纹,并且随热处理温度的升高裂纹的数量和宽度增加.纳米压痕测试表明,热解炭的纳米压痕行为是完全的弹性形变,完全卸载后热解炭表面没有残余压痕,但加载和卸载曲线没有重合而是存在一定的能量耗散,随着热处理温度的升高,热解炭的弹性模量增大.热处理后纤维强度降低,并且纤维与基体炭界面脱离,导致炭/炭复合材料的弯曲强度和模量下降.     

纤维含量和热处理对炭/炭复合材料性能的影响

研究了炭纤维体积分数和预制体热处理温度对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着预制体中炭纤维体积分数的增加炭/炭复合材料的硬度逐渐增加,但当炭纤维的体积分数大于30%时,炭/炭复合材料硬度增加的幅度减小.炭纤维体积分数的增加对炭/炭复合材料硬度的影响有两个相反的作用,纤维的增强作用将使硬度增大,而孔隙率的增加将导致硬度的减小.炭/炭复合材料的抗弯强度随着纤维体积分数的增加而增加,但因纤维体积分数的增加会导致孔隙减小.致使热解炭不能充分地渗透填充到纤维间的孔隙内,抗弯强度下降,所以随着纤维体积分数的增加,材料的弯曲强度会出现拐点.随着预制体热处理温度的不同,炭/炭复合材料有脆性断裂、整束纤维拔出的假塑性断裂和部分炭纤维拔出的假塑性断裂三种断裂机制.     

基于Al/PTFE真实细观特性统计模型的宏观力学性能模拟

通过细观力学有限元方法对Al颗粒增强聚四氟乙烯（Al/PTFE）复合材料的宏观力学性能进行了研究,基于Al颗粒粒径分布统计规律及通过SEM对该复合材料孔洞含量的统计分析,在细观层次上建立了考虑颗粒和孔洞位置和尺寸分布的随机代表性体积单元（RVE）,借助ABAQUS有限元软件,对二维平面应变和三维实体模型在单轴压缩载荷作用下的力学行为进行了数值仿真;并施加了周期性边界条件（PBC）以提高数值计算结果的准确性。此外,分析了不同颗粒含量下复合材料准静态应力-应变关系,重点对细观有限元模型与准静态压缩试验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:二维和三维2种模型均能较好地模拟Al/PTFE的宏观力学性能,且二维模型较三维模型计算效率更高,并进一步证实了PBC的正确性和有效性。      

脉冲FCVI制备炭/炭复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

采用脉冲强制流动热梯度化学气相渗透（IFCVI）法制备了毡基炭／炭复合材料。借助偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了基体热解炭的微观组织结构及断口形貌特征；用弯曲实验测定了材料的力学性能。结果表明：采用脉冲FCVI，经1000℃～1250℃，100h致密化，2300℃热处理后，炭／炭复合材料的密度可达1．7g／cm^3，弯曲强度为125．4MPa，挠度为0．61mm。该工艺致密化速率快，所制备材料的密度分布均匀、力学性能好。研究表明，温度是影响材料组织结构的主要因素，高温条件下有利于粗糙层热解炭组织的生成，而低温有利于光滑层热解炭组织的生成，一般因沉积环境复杂多变，常得到混合型组织。     

多元耦合场 CVI法炭/炭复合材料制备及结构分析

为了降低成本,以液化石油气作碳源气体,炭毡作增强体,利用多元耦合场CVI方法快速制备了炭/炭复合材料．研究表明,炭纤维预制体在650℃较低温度条件下沉积15h,密度达到了1．71g·cm~(-3)；采用偏光显微镜研究了热解炭的显微结构．结果表明,在同一试样中存在粗糙层、光滑层和带状结构的热解炭,并且材料密度均匀性较好．同时分析了致密化的工艺过程并讨论了热解炭沉积机理．     

界面对双向纤维增强复合材料力学性能的影响

基于均匀化理论与有限元方法,针对双向连续纤维增强复合材料(CBFRC),建立了微观代表体积单元(RVE)模型,并预测了界面对CBFRC宏观等效力学性能的影响。在建立的RVE模型中,采用表面内聚力本构关系描述纤维/基体之间的界面。研究结果表明:不同界面刚度下,CBFRC中的基体发生不同形式的初始损伤。与界面断裂能相比,界面刚度和界面强度对CBFRC面外抗拉强度的影响较大,而对CBFRC面内抗拉强度的影响较小,且界面的存在会降低CBFRC整体的抗拉强度。随着纤维体积分数的增加,CBFRC面内的抗拉强度也随之急剧增加,但CBFRC的面外抗拉强度反而有减小的趋势。本文中所提出的方法能够简单有效地对实际复杂的三维纤维增强复合材料进行优化设计。     

炭/炭复合材料表面氧化硼减摩涂层研究

通过料浆法在碳化硅涂层炭/炭复合材料表面制备了三氧化二硼涂层。采用XRD、SEM对涂层的结构和表面形貌进行了表征,并对涂层的摩擦性能进行了测试,同时还探讨了涂层的润滑机理。结果表明:所制涂层的摩擦系数为0.06～0.08,比炭/炭复合材料的摩擦系数(0.15～0.18)低,减磨效果明显。究其原因主要在于三氧化二硼涂层在空气中,表面层将转变为硼酸,具有自润滑能力。     

双基体炭/炭复合材料的微观结构与力学性能

借助偏光显微镜、扫描电镜,透射电镜以及力学性能测试研究了微观结构对双基体炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:基体炭在偏光显微镜下呈现光学各向异性,材料内部形成多层次的界面结构,热解炭呈现"皱褶状"片层结构,中间相沥青炭呈现片层条带状结构,基体炭片层的走向基本上平行于纤维轴向.材料受载破坏时裂纹通过改变扩展路径而延缓其扩展速度,在纤维-基体界面处以及基体炭片层之间引起滑移,在断口形貌上体现出锯齿状的断裂形式,材料具有韧性断裂的特征,抗弯强度最高可达223MPa.     

Tribological and mechanical properties of the composites made of carbon fabrics modified with various methods

Carbon fabric (CF) was modified with strong HNO₃ etching, plasma bombardment, and anodic oxidation, respectively. The modified carbon fabric was then used to prepare carbon fabric composites (CFC) by dip-coating in a phenolic resin and the relative mass content of carbon fabric in the carbon fabric composites is 65%. The friction and wear behaviors of the carbon fabric composites were evaluated with a Xuanwu-III high temperature friction and wear tester, and their mechanical properties were evaluated on a Shimadzu™ universal materials testing machine, respectively. The changes in the chemical compositions of the unmodified and modified carbon fabrics were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the unmodified and modified carbon fabric composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the friction-reduction and anti-wear properties of the carbon fabric composites were improved by anodic oxidation, plasma bombardment, and strong HNO₃ etching, so were the mechanical properties and load-carrying capacity. The composite made of the carbon fabric modified with anodic oxidation showed the best tribological and mechanical properties, and the one made of the carbon fabric etched with HNO₃ had the poorest tribological and mechanical properties among the three kinds of the tested composites. The active groups were produced during the oxidation process, which contributed to strengthen the bonding strength between the carbon fabric and the adhesive and hence to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of the composites made of the modified carbon fabric. The friction and wear properties of the carbon fabric composites were closely dependent on the environmental temperature. Namely, the wear rates of the composites at elevated temperature above 180 °C were much larger than that below 180 °C, which was attributed to the degradation and decomposition of the adhesive resin at excessively elevated temperature. Moreover, the composite made of the carbon fabric modified with anodic oxidation had better thermal stability than the one made of the unmodified carbon fabrics.     

A comparative study on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/PEEK composites

The aim of this work was to improve mechanical properties such as flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) thermoplastic polymer which has very high processing temperature due to its high melting temperature. Carbon fiber (CF) surface was modified by two different methods: oxidative and non-oxidative. Piranha solution and chromate solution were used for chemical treatment (oxidative treatment), and silicone based polymers were used for polymer coating (non-oxidative). The changes on the surface structure and surface chemistry were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. FTIR results indicate that coating fibers decreases carbon element content, whereas increases the oxygen and silicone content as well as their functional groups on the surface. Flexural strength and ILSS properties of CF/PEEK composites were measured according to ASTM D-790 and ASTM D2344, respectively.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of titanium alloy connecting rod made by powder forging process

A new powder metallurgy (P/M) titanium alloy connecting rod with the composition of Ti–1.5Fe–2.25Mo (wt.%), formed by a powder forging process, was successfully developed with the help of a pre-processing simulation using a commercial finite element software (DEFORM-3D). The microstructures and the mechanical properties of the deformed material were evaluated. The results indicate that the microstructures of the crank pin end, fork part and piston pin end are lamellar α + β structures and the microstructure of shank is of through-transus bi-modal phase. The tensile strength and elongation are much higher than those of the most widely used PF-11C50/60 steels, and can well meet the requirements of the connecting-rod industry.     

碳纳米管对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

为了探讨碳纳米管(CNTs)对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CF/ER复合材料)力学性能与疲劳寿命的影响,利用静态拉伸实验和拉-拉疲劳实验沿纤维方向对CF/ER复合材料和CNTs增强CF/ER复合材料(CNTs/CF/ER复合材料)进行了对比研究,同时利用X射线仪与扫描电镜对试样进行了观察.研究结果表明,CNTs的加入,虽然对CF/ER复合材料的拉伸力学性能影响不明显,但可以提高高周疲劳寿命约4倍,使各种实验应力水平下的裂纹密度降低9.5％以上,并可观察到试样中CNTs的拔出、破裂及桥联作用.由此可见,CNTs的加入可明显改善CF/ER复合材料的疲劳寿命.     

Effect of isotropic interlayers on the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon/carbon composites

Multilayer which consists of isotropic (ISO) interlayer and rough laminar (RL) and single RL structure carbon/carbon (C/C) composites have been prepared by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration at 5 and 1 kPa. Mechanical and thermal properties of both composites have also been studied. Experimental results indicate that ISO interlayer between fiber and matrix plays an important role on fracture behavior and strength of the composites. Comparing with single RL structure composites, the strength decrease of composites with ISO interlayers is about 28-40%. ISO interlayer is the main source of fracture due to its low density and micropores between crystallites. The low thermal conductivity of ISO interlayers also results in the thermal property degradation of obtained C/C composites. By reducing infiltration pressure, the ISO interlayers are substituted by compact RL matrix which improves the general properties of C/C composites.     

沥青过渡层对C/C复合材料力学性能的影响

在2D碳／碳（C／C）复合材料的碳纤维与基体热解碳间引入中间相沥青做过渡层，研究了中间相沥青的引入对C／C复合材料力学性能的影响．结果表明，与没有过渡层，普通沥青做过渡层、中间相沥青做过渡层的三类C／C复合材料比较．采用沥青做过渡层可以提高复合材料的力学性能，采用中间相沥青做过渡层制备的C／C复合材料的弯曲强度比采用普通沥青做过渡层提高44％，剪切强度提高15％．中间相沥青的引入可以使碳纤维束间和束内的结合强度不同，从而使基体断裂产生的裂纹扩散时发生偏转，复合材料的强度和韧性同时得到提高．     

Review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber/polymer composites

In this paper, the mechanical properties of vapor grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF)/polymer composites are reviewed. The paper starts with the structural and intrinsic mechanical properties of VGCNFs. Then the major factors (filler dispersion and distribution, filler aspect ratio, adhesion and interface between filler and polymer matrix) affecting the mechanical properties of VGCNF/polymer composites are presented. After that, VGCNF/polymer composite mechanical properties are discussed in terms of nanofibers dispersion and alignment, adhesion between the nanofiber and polymer matrix, and other factors. The influence of processing methods and processing conditions on the properties of VGCNF/polymer composite is also considered. At the end, the possible future challenges for VGCNF and VGCNF/polymer composites are highlighted.     

Evaluating the mechanical properties of reinforced LDPE composites made with carbon fibres recovered via solvothermal processing

Carbon fibre was recovered from a thermoset composite via a solvo-thermal process and used as reinforcement in low density polyethylene (LDPE). The oxidized recovered carbon fibres have shown better properties than original non-oxidized fibres. The best interactions between the continuous and dispersed phases were found using 3-aminopropyl-trimetoxysilane and experimentally synthesized polyalkenyl-polymaleic anhydride based polymers. The tensile strength of the prepared composites nearly doubled when 3-aminopropyl-trimetoxysilane was used as compatibilizer, in comparison to the composites prepared without additives. Based on infrared analysis, a chemical reaction has been proposed between –COOH groups of compatibilizers and the –OH groups of the carbon fibre surface for the best composites.