基于面壳封闭的B-rep模型分解方法

三维实体B-rep模型分解是B-rep表示转换为CSG表示的关键问题,并且对深入分析CAD模型的几何形状及其结构关系具有重要意义.文中提出一种基于面壳封闭的方法分解B-rep模型,该方法采用先分割后缝合的策略.首先识别模型中的所有切割环,然后通过切割环将B-rep模型分割成多个面壳,最后利用切割环在面上的收缩将面壳封闭成实体.经过上述3个步骤,可以将具有二次曲面的B-rep模型有效地分解为加体和减体的组合,同时实验表明该方法具有较高的计算效率.     

基于区域分割的零件三维模型检索方法

为了满足大规模零件库的实时检索要求和零件模型以结构单元重用特点,提出一种基于区域分割的零件三维模型检索方法.该方法将平面划分为边界凸平面、边界凹平面和混合边界平面;利用边界邻域曲率、垂直边界曲率和沿边界曲率定义曲面在该边界的表面边界凹凸性,提出了马鞍面在区域凹凸性分析时计为凹、凸和平表面的约定条件.根据两表面合并后区域凹凸性是否保持不变,提出了边分类规范;通过外部边闭合规范、待定边转换规范和表面平区域合并规范,实现零件三维模型的区域分割.通过表面区域编码规范对分割区域编码,利用区域结构码实现相似结构零件的检索.实验结果表明,区域分割后零件整体相似结构检索更加有效,局部相似结构检索可以通过二元邻接区域结构求交集实现.     

刺绣中的形状分割算法

提出一种适用于刺绣CAD系统中Satin针法的形状分割算法.该算法可将任意形状的平面区域分割成若干个条状的子区域,并且使得每个子区域关于它们的形状线大致对称.以一个改进的直骨架为形状分析基础,通过分析修剪后的骨架上的分叉点找出所有可能的分割线,然后优化这些分割线来对区域进行分割.实验结果表明：该算法对边界噪声具有一定的抗干扰能力,能够满足Satin刺绣的要求.     

面向设计意图不变的三维CAD模型重用方法

为了解决目前检索到的三维CAD模型难以重用的问题,提出一种针对B-rep表示的CAD模型重用方法.首先提出一种自动识别B-rep模型中对称特征的算法,依据面的属性对B-rep模型所有的面进行排序,将具有相同属性的面分为一类,并通过不同类之间的合并形成B-rep模型中的对称特征,同时提取该对称特征的约束知识;然后交互式地定义B-rep模型的其他特征,使B-rep模型中的任一面都属于模型的某一特征(主形状特征或局部形状特征);最后以B-rep模型的主形状特征为特征树的根节点,依据特征之间的邻接关系逐次递归地建立特征之间的依赖关系,并自动创建B-rep模型的特征树.与NXTM同步建模方法进行比较的实验结果表明,文中方法利用模型高层次的设计知识重用已有模型,使模型在修改过程中始终保持原有的设计意图,在模型的重用过程中具有一定的优越性.     

三维激光扫描表面数据区域分割

针对现有三维激光扫描数据区域分割算法受原始碎片表面粗糙度影响较大且只适用于形状较规则、表面较平坦及断裂面较少的物体这一问题,提出了区域膨胀策略的三维扫描表面数据区域分割算法,该算法将三维激光扫描表面数据分割成若干个具有相同法矢方向的区域。首先将三维扫描表面数据转化为三维网格模型;然后利用同一区域中相邻网格具有相似法线方向这一性质,使用区域膨胀策略生成若干获选表面区域;最后通过去除候选区域中的噪声区域得到最终表面区域分割结果。通过实物表面扫描数据对上述算法进行仿真验证,结果表明该算法可对三维表面扫描数据进行有效的区域分割。     

一种基于区域分割的几何模型简化方法

根据几何模型简化中保持细节特征的要求,引入了图像的区域分割原理,提出了一种利用曲度进行区域生长的网格模型区域分割方法,用A型种子或B型种子进行生长,将模型分割为一些区域;在此基础之上,提出了一种基于区域分割的几何模型简化方法,各个区域按照三角形数目的比例进行简化.该方法在保持模型细节特征的基础之上,大大地加快了模型简化的速度;另外还提出了一种累进网格模型的实现方法,实现了具有细节特征的多分辨模型间的层次过渡.实验证明本文所提出的几何模型简化方法加快了网格模型的简化速度,并具有保持模型的三角形网格密度分布的特点,是一种实用、方便和有效的简化方法.     

边缘和区域多阶段结合的图像分割

基于局部灰度的边缘检测和基于全局灰度统计的阈值分割是两种最要的图像分割方法.针对这两种方法单独使用时得不到理想分割结果的问题,提出一种边缘和区域多阶段结合的策略,利用边缘像素的灰度确定子区域分割阈值,将边缘和区域边界距离评估作为子区域递归分割的终止条件,最后叠加边缘图修订区域分割结果.实验表明,本文方法对于目标灰度不均的细胞图像能获得理想的分割效果.     

纯虚拓扑理论与建模方法

为了将复杂的B-rep模型有效地转换成可供有限元分析的壳网格,提出一种基于纯虚拓扑的建模方法.首先使用合并、分割、插入和收缩4种基本算子将B-rep模型转换成纯虚拓扑模型;之后利用基于约束列表的网格优化算法将纯虚拓扑模型自动划分成较为均匀的网格.实验结果表明,该方法可以快速、鲁棒地生成实际复杂模型的壳网格,网格质量均匀、有效,从而为后续有限元求解分析提供了良好的基础.     

自适应的基于点云的CAD模型重建方法

基本的随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法无法根据点云模型的噪声自适应地设定分割参数,并有效判断点云数据是否被合理分割。针对该问题,提出了一种自适应的基于点云模型的计算机辅助设计(CAD)模型重建方法。该方法采用RANSAC算法从点云数据中提取基本形状体素,使用直方图法分析点到相应形状体素表面的投影距离。对分割不合理的区域,按照该点云面片的高斯噪声设置新的分割参数,再次进行形状提取。经过一定轮数的迭代,该方法可以合理提取点云模型中的细小形状体素。然后通过校准形状体素的位置和方向、根据相邻形状体素之间的交线裁剪形状体素,实现CAD模型的重建。最后,以误差分布图和直方图分析了原始点云数据中点到CAD模型表面投影距离,有70.71%的点的投影距离不超过点云模型包围盒高度的1%。实验结果表明,以点云包围盒高度的1%为尺度向实验数据中加入噪声时,该方法仍能够通过自适应设置分割参数提取出合理的细小体素。     

一种基于感兴趣区域的图像检索算法

提出了一种基于感兴趣区域的图像检索算法，该算法以图像中用户感兴趣的目标为研究对象，使用一种改进了的区域分割算法对图像进行目标区域分割，采用伪Zemike矩提取分割出来的区域形状特征结合其它区域特征构成检索特征向量。本文还讨论了在检索系统中用户感兴趣的区域与分割后图像目标区域的映射关系。在实验系统中证明有较高的区域准确率。     

A framework for quad/triangle subdivision surface fitting: Application to mechanical objects

In this paper we present a new framework for subdivision surface approximation of three‐dimensional models represented by polygonal meshes. Our approach, particularly suited for mechanical or Computer Aided Design (CAD) parts, produces a mixed quadrangle‐triangle control mesh, optimized in terms of face and vertex numbers while remaining independent of the connectivity of the input mesh. Our algorithm begins with a decomposition of the object into surface patches. The main idea is to approximate the region boundaries first and then the interior data. Thus, for each patch, a first step approximates the boundaries with subdivision curves (associated with control polygons) and creates an initial subdivision surface by linking the boundary control points with respect to the lines of curvature of the target surface. Then, a second step optimizes the initial subdivision surface by iteratively moving control points and enriching regions according to the error distribution. The final control mesh defining the whole model is then created assembling every local subdivision control meshes. This control polyhedron is much more compact than the original mesh and visually represents the same shape after several subdivision steps, hence it is particularly suitable for compression and visualization tasks. Experiments conducted on several mechanical models have proven the coherency and the efficiency of our algorithm, compared with existing methods.     

A new CAD mesh segmentation method, based on curvature tensor analysis

This paper presents a new and efficient algorithm for the decomposition of 3D arbitrary triangle meshes and particularly optimized triangulated CAD meshes. The algorithm is based on the curvature tensor field analysis and presents two distinct complementary steps: a region based segmentation, which is an improvement of that presented by Lavoue et al. [Lavoue G, Dupont F, Baskurt A. Constant curvature region decomposition of 3D-meshes by a mixed approach vertex-triangle, J WSCG 2004;12(2):245-52] and which decomposes the object into near constant curvature patches, and a boundary rectification based on curvature tensor directions, which corrects boundaries by suppressing their artefacts or discontinuities. Experiments conducted on various models including both CAD and natural objects, show satisfactory results. Resulting segmented patches, by virtue of their properties (homogeneous curvature, clean boundaries) are particularly adapted to computer graphics tasks like parametric or subdivision surface fitting in an adaptive compression objective.     

Solid model edit distance: a multi-application and multi-level schema for CAD model retrieval

We present the solid model edit distance(SMED),a powerful and flexible paradigm for exploiting shape similarities amongst CAD models.It is designed to measure the magnitude of distortions between two CAD models in boundary representation(B-rep).We give the formal definition by analogy with graph edit distance,one of the most popular graph matching methods.To avoid the expensive computational cost potentially caused by exact computation,an approximate procedure based on the alignment of local structure sets is provided in addition.In order to verify the flexibility,we make intensive investigations on three typical applications in manufacturing industry,and describe how our method can be adapted to meet the various requirements.Furthermore,a multilevel method is proposed to make further improvements of the presented algorithm on both effectiveness and efficiency,in which the models are hierarchically segmented into the configurations of features.Experiment results show that SMED serves as a reasonable measurement of shape similarity for CAD models,and the proposed approach provides remarkable performance on a real-world CAD model database.     

Computing global visibility maps for regions on the boundaries of polyhedra using Minkowski sums

A global visibility map is a spherical image built to describe the complete set of global visible view directions for a surface. In this paper, we consider the computation of global visibility maps for regions on the boundary of a polyhedron. Both the self-occlusions introduced by a region and the global occlusions introduced by the rest of the surfaces on the boundary of the polyhedron are considered for computing a global visibility map. We show that the occluded view directions introduced between a pair of polyhedral surfaces can be computed from the spherical projection of the Minkowski sum of one surface and the reflection of the other. A suitable subset of the Minkowski sum, which shares the identical spherical projection with the complete Minkowski sum, is constructed to obtain the spherical images representing global occlusions. Our method has been successfully tested on many CAD models. It extends the previous methods for computing global visibility maps using convex decomposition, and it exhibits a better performance.     

Manipulation of CAD surface models with haptics based on shape control functions

With traditional two-dimensional based interfaces, many CAD surface models are difficult to design and edit due to their 3D nature. This paper discusses a technique for the deformation of CAD surface models with haptic interaction based on shape control functions. With the technique, designers can use a haptic interface to directly touch a native B-rep CAD model, and deform it in real-time by pushing, pulling and dragging its surfaces in a natural 3D environment. The deformation is governed by shape control functions. By using the shape functions, designers can specify the area of deformation, and also have greater controls on the shape of deformation. This technique is numerically efficient, and can deform complex surface models involving several thousand control points in real-time. The haptic-based deforming approach gives designers greater flexibility for the manipulation of complex CAD surfaces.     

联合骨架与边界特征的平面形状分解

在形状分析及其相关应用中,将形状分解成有意义的几个部分往往具有重要意义。骨架与轮廓都蕴含了丰富的物体形状全局与局部信息。提出一种联合骨架与边界特征的平面形状分解方法。该算法引入符合视觉特性的弯曲度比率作为约束,获得可控的分解结果以满足不同细节尺度的要求。算法充分利用对轮廓进行离散曲线演化时得到的信息,避免几个重要的部分被合并为一个整体。由于采用了鲁棒的骨架生成方法,使得算法对较高噪声干扰具有一定的鲁棒性,且能使得一个重要的部分不被进一步误分解。以MPEG7形状库等形状为实验对象,对算法的有效性进行了验证。分解实验结果均较为符合人类的主观感觉,同时对噪声污染的形状也具有较为鲁棒的结果。     

复杂曲面局部协调设计技术

综合利用CAGD中的曲线曲面理论和方法,通过构造合理的局部区域来裁剪N边汇交曲面,并利用汇交曲面的原始信息解决局部NURBS曲面的协调设计．该方法在新生成曲面与裁剪汇交曲面之间保证处处G^1连续,同时光滑地逼近于局部区域的特征走向．这种基于特征敏感的带复杂边界条件约束的协调曲面重构方法,作为曲面高级编辑工具已应用于计算机辅助反求工程CAD软件RE—SOFTV6．0中．实际应用表明,局部协调设计技术能够较好地解决复杂曲面造型和反求工程建模中模型的整体连续性和保形性．     

基于Hermite插值的网格拼接和融合-CIDE2013

网格模型的拼接和融合是3维形状编辑和造型中的一个重要方面。基于Hermite插值技术,提出了一种适用于具有一般边界点空间分布的三角网格模型之间无缝光滑拼接和融合方法。首先查找网格模型待拼接区域的边缘点集,并利用二次B样条曲线插值边缘点集分别得到边缘曲线;然后对边缘曲线进行Hermite插值得到拼接区域连续曲面;最后对拼接曲面分别进行三角网格化和Laplacian光顺平滑处理以实现网格模型的光滑拼接和融合。由于利用B样条曲线插值待拼接模型边界,本文方法适用于具有各种不同边界情形的网格模型拼接和融合,它不仅仅可以处理平面边界曲线情形也可以处理空间边界曲线情形。结合Hermite曲面插值拼接过渡区域,使得产生的拼接网格能光滑地衔接待拼接模型。实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效地实现三角网格模型的光滑拼接、模型修复和模型融合。