水泥生产中利用工业废渣的节能效果

水泥工业是建材工业的耗能大户,大量工业废渣如不加以利用既污染环境,又占用大量土地。合理利用工业废渣、实现水泥工业的节能降耗。     

利用工业废渣生产新型节能墙体材料

本文介绍用炼钢钢渣、粉煤灰、石灰、水泥为原料，采用加压成型工艺，研制新型免蒸免烧砖，砖的标号可达１００￣＃～１５０￣＃。     

麻黄草废渣生物质能利用的研究

介绍了麻黄草废渣的主要成分、燃烧热值。麻黄草废渣经压制成型后，表观密度增加4.2-5.7倍时，燃烧时间可延长1.61倍，燃烧效率提高1.45-1.72倍。     

五大工业废渣成抡手货

以前扔都没处扔现在却当商品卖．电石泥和粉煤灰等以往的“老大难”工业废物现在变成了企业的“金元宝”。目前，青岛市工业固体废物综合利用率达到98％．医疗废物集中处置率达到100％，危险废物全部得到安全处置，钢渣、铬渣、粉煤灰、白泥和电石泥“五大渣”污染问题也得到解决。     

我国工业陶瓷的现状与发展趋势

本文结合国内工业陶瓷发展现状，系统归纳了国内外参考文献，分别描述了国内外工业陶瓷的发展现状，认为目前工业陶瓷的工程结构和陶瓷、功能陶瓷和生物陶瓷。     

石灰废渣作水泥立窑生料的研究及应用

石灰废渣是石灰厂石灰窑排放出的工业废渣。由于石灰窑在煅烧时是采用石灰石、燃料煤分层堆码在窑内焙烧的简易工艺,为此成品率不高,未烧透的石灰石、煤渣以及未选净的生石灰被作为工业废渣遗弃。一个月产二千吨熟石灰的石灰厂,每月排放的石灰废渣达三百余吨。在石灰岩地区,石灰厂密集,每年排放的石灰废渣占用地,污染环境,形成公害。紧邻柳铁金城江水泥厂的柳铁工务段石灰厂多年来排放的石灰废渣堆积数万吨。柳铁金城江水泥厂将石灰废渣开发利用于水泥生料,取得了良好的经济效益。     

糠醛废渣用作秸秆成型粘结剂的试验研究

选用糠醛废渣作为玉米秸秆成型的粘结剂,在糠醛废渣添加量不同的条件下,对秸秆的成型效果进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:在玉米秸秆成型过程中加入适量的糠醛废渣,可以使秸秆在较低的压力下成型,降低了秸秆成型过程中的能量消耗.     

Pt/C催化剂催化微晶纤维素加氢的研究

通过对Pt/C催化剂催化转化微晶纤维素的研究,探讨了纤维素催化转化的反应机理及反应温度、H2压力、反应时间对纤维素转化率和乙二醇选择性的影响,同时考察了超声波预处理微晶纤维素,讨论了超声时间对微晶纤维素催化加氢转化率的影响。试验结果表明,随着反应温度、H2压力的增大和反应时间的延长,纤维素转化率逐渐增加,在250℃,H2压力为4 MPa,反应2 h时,微晶纤维素的转化率可达到80.08%,乙二醇的选择性为70.02%。随着超声时间的延长,微晶纤维素的转化率逐渐增大,超声20 min后变化不明显。     

An easily controllable flash sintering process for densification of electrolyte for application in solid oxide fuel cells

A step-wise current-limiting flash sintering process (SCFS process) was proposed to densify La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte. Well-densified microstructures of LSGM samples were obtained at 690 °C under an electric field of 100 V cm⁻¹. Compared with the current-limiting flash sintering process, the spike in power dissipation was avoided, the shrinkage rate of LSGM samples was moderate, and the microstructures of LSGM samples were uniform. The conductivity of LSGM samples sintered via SCFS process at 0.9 A for 30 min reached 0.072 S cm⁻¹ at 850 °C, and this was approximately the same as the value of conventionally sintered LSGM samples at 1400 °C for 10 h. These results proved that SCFS process achieved easy controllability, and it is expected that SCFS process can be applied in industry.     

A robust design of the forming process parameters of the metallic bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Metallic bipolar plates are important components of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. To achieve higher performance of fuel cells, dozens of fine flow channels with the width of approximately 1 mm and a high aspect ratio of over 0.3 are required for bipolar plates. Those functional demands push the forming process of bipolar plates to the limit of material and tools, making the rupture sensitive to even a tiny deviation of the tools' geometric dimensions and material properties. To address that, a robust design method is established in this work to analyze the rupture probability by introducing the stochastic variation of material properties and tools’ geometric dimensions. Utilizing the method, the rupture probability is decreased from 19.14% to 0.18% during the practical forming of metallic bipolar plates by parameters control. The yield rate is also verified to be over 99.5%.     

Fluid flow and heat transfer in the transition process of natural convection over an inclined plate

The present study deals with fluid flow and heat transfer in the transition process of natural convection over an inclined plate. In order to examine the mechanism of the transition process, experiments on the flow and heat transfer were performed for various plate inclination angles in the range of 20 to 75°. The wall temperature and fluid flow fields were visualized using a liquid crystal sheet and fluorescent paint, respectively. The visualization confirmed that separation of a boundary layer flow took place, and the onset point of streaks appeared over the plate wall when the modified Rayleigh number exceeded a characteristic value for each inclination angle. The local Nusselt number in the transition range was proportional to the one‐third power of the local modified Rayleigh number. By introducing a nondimensional parameter, a new correlation between visualizations of the flow and temperature fields and heat transfer was proposed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(8): 648–659, 2001     

Quantification of the European industrial heat demand by branch and temperature level

We present the first comprehensive estimate of the final energy demand for heat in all EU28 member states for the reference year 2012, differentiated by temperature levels, comparing two different approaches. Two different calculation approaches based on different data sets yielded estimates of the total final energy demand for heat in the EU28 of 8150 PJ and 8518 PJ in 2012, respectively. Approach 1 distinguishes between three different process heat (PH) temperature levels and results in final energy demand for heat <100°C: 2077 PJ, 100–400°C: 2214 PJ and >400°C: 3859 PJ. The second approach distinguishes between low temperature space heat and hot water (<100°C: 1161 PJ) and four different PH temperature levels with a resulting energy demand of <100°C: 1027 PJ, 100–500°C: 1785 PJ, 500–1000°C: 1679 PJ and >1000°C: 2865 PJ. The high share of high‐temperature heat illustrates the limits to the potential decarbonisation of industrial thermal processes with renewable energy sources such as (non‐concentrating) solar thermal, geothermal or environmental heat. Therefore specific information on required temperature levels is of the essence. This, in turn, points out the relevance of renewable electricity and synthetic fuels based on renewable power for a significant reduction of CO₂ emissions from the industry sector in Europe. Considering current data quality, it is recommended to develop a consistent, comprehensive methodology to significantly improve the data basis on industrial heat demand. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ＳＦＦＳ￣ＲＢＰＣＡ 的高维复杂工业过程故障诊断方法研究

基于重构的故障分离方法能够抑制残差污染影响,有效降低误诊率,但该类方法计算量会随系统维度和故障变量数量呈指数级上升,难以直接应用于高维复杂工业过程的在线故障诊断。因此,提出的主成分分析法是一种基于序列特征选择算法的重构主成分分析故障诊断方法,该方法基于历史数据建立主成分分析监测模型,利用综合指标对实时数据进行故障检测,在故障分离过程中引入序列特征选择方法来定位故障变量,并〖JP2〗采用数学仿真算例和实际工程算例对该方法的诊断性能进行验证。结果表明：所提方法可以在较小计算量的情况下保证高诊出率和低误诊率,在诊断精度和诊断效率之间达到良好平衡,能够有效处理高维系统复杂故障,满足了在线诊断需求。     

Influence of biomass waste from agro-industries on obtaining energetic gases assisted by chronoamperometric process

The generation of energy by thermoelectric plants powered by biomass in Brazil has grown by ～3% in the last three years. In 2016, 8.8% of the electric energy in Brazil was generated using biomass as an input. However, the generation of residues and the possibility of reapproaching have motivated the planning and uses of electrochemical processes to evaluate the obtained gases (mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide) as clean energy sources. Although thermochemical processes using biomass as an energy source already exist, few reports regarding the study of this process through electrolysis are available. Herein, we describe a water electrolysis process using sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, and malt bagasse as biomass residues to obtain gases with potential uses as clean energy sources and analyze the mass concentration influences on the behavior of the electrochemical solution. Tafel and cyclic voltammetry analyzes showed a tendency to decrease the kinetics and current of the system with the increase of the biomass residue concentration in the solution. In contrast, sugarcane bagasse concentrations of 0.1%–1% increase the current. The faradaic efficiency and partial current density analysis confirm the results obtained from cyclic voltammetry for hydrogen production, with less faradaic efficiency for hydrogen and reduced current values in the system when the biomass residue concentration is higher. The production efficiency of carbon monoxide formed at the anode increases with the concentration for sugarcane bagasse (2.01–5.21 μA/cm²) with 1% of the biomass in solution.     

Solar-thermal driven drying technologies for large-scale industrial applications: State of the art,gaps, and opportunities

Research and Innovation (R&I) on Large-scale Industrial Solar-thermal driven Drying technologies (LISDs) is one of the strategies required to transition to a low-carbon energy future. The objective for this work is to guide future R&I on LISDs by defining the state of the art, gaps, and opportunities. To provide a high-level perspective on the current state of solar drying research, results are presented from an analysis of the content relevant to LISDs found in 45 solar drying Review Articles published in journals over the past 25 years. A conclusion is that most of the existing solar drying research is not focused on LISDs. To build-on these existing 45 solar drying Review Articles, results are presented from an analysis of 30 Original Research Articles with significant content relevant to LISDs published over the past 5 years. A gap is identified in coupling existing or slightly modified solar thermal collectors with existing or slightly modified industrial drying technologies to create indirect LISDs. To facilitate formulating new coupling strategies, the drying characteristics most relevant to this coupling are described and four fundamental classes of industrial dryer technologies are defined based on the underlying heat transfer mechanism, which then impacts the appropriate collector choice. At their most fundamental level, many of the technologies needed to couple solar collectors and industrial dryers to create novel indirect LISDs are not unique to indirect LISDs, but rather can be generalized across a wide range of Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) applications, and integration issues are discussed at a more fundamental SHIP level. The technical and economic characteristics of 19 existing LISDs installations throughout the world are presented, and potential and emerging areas discussed.     

On the use of ECLIPSE code for optimizing industrial processes

The sequential code ECLIPSE is used in the present work to perform a technical analysis of two industrial processes—a coke gas cleansing plant and a power plant—aiming their energetic and environmental optimization. The code is validated herein comparing its results against existing experimental data acquired at the above-referred plants, for the present operating conditions. Agreement is observed to be rather good. In order to optimize both processes as far as energy and environment aspects are concerned, alternative unit operations are suggested and are included in the production flow sheet and entirely new processes are simulated. The improvements attained in both processes are noticeable. Therefore, ECLIPSE proved to be an adequate tool for global industrial processes simulation, analysis and optimization. However, the code exhibits some limitations in simulating detailed complex physical phenomena, such as combustion. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

酒精行业沼气、废渣锅炉混烧-发电循环技术的开发与分析

通过对连云港市酒精行业沼气、废渣锅炉混烧实践的论述,及其循环经济推广技术开发的分析、论证,在对废渣脱水和挤压成型技术进行攻关研究的基础上,提出了废渣和沼气混合燃烧需要解决的关键措施。经实践证明,该技术节能效果显著,促进了循环经济的发展。