餐厨垃圾微生物发酵生产蛋白饲料的工艺优化

以餐厨垃圾为原料,采用酵母菌、黑曲霉和枯草芽孢杆菌作为混合发酵菌剂进行固态发酵,结合正交试验,建立并优化了餐厨垃圾转化为生物活性蛋白饲料的工艺条件。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为以酿酒酵母∶枯草芽孢杆菌∶黑曲霉（1∶1∶2）为混合菌剂,接种量1.0%,尿素添加量1.0%,30 ℃发酵48 h,含水量60%,在此发酵条件下发酵产物中粗蛋白含量提高了58.7%;粗纤维、粗淀粉和粗灰分含量均显示下降;氨基酸总含量增加了1.08倍,其中必需氨基酸含量提高了95.9%;维生素B1、B2的含量也有显著提高;微生物指标均符合国家饲料卫生标准（GB/T 5009.23-2006）。     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵玉米黄粉制备可溶性肽

采用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵玉米湿法生产淀粉的副产物来制备玉米可溶性肽。通过单因素和响应面试验对发酵培养基及培养条件进行了系统优化,得到最佳发酵培养基为:脱淀粉玉米黄粉(destarch corn gluten meal,DCGM)添加量100 g/L、蔗糖添加量8 g/L、Na Cl添加量1. 0 g/L。最佳发酵条件为:发酵时间42 h、培养基初始p H 9. 0、发酵温度37℃、接种量4%、发酵转速180 r/min。在此优化条件下,摇瓶发酵获得可溶性肽含量为22. 7 g/L,是优化前的13. 3倍。理化分析显示,该可溶性肽以分子质量<1 000 Da的低聚肽为主(将近80%),具有突出的抗氧化活性,尤其是O2-·清除率达60%,DPPH·清除率达80%,远优于目前的商品肽。该研究表明,利用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵玉米黄粉产可溶性肽是可行的,为玉米黄粉的高值化利用提供技术依据。     

烟草中淀粉降解菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵工艺优化

从河南初烤烟叶表面分离筛选得到一株淀粉降解菌HX-6,并对菌株产酶培养基和烟叶发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明:淀粉降解菌HX-6为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),其最佳产酶培养基配方为:可溶性淀粉与红薯淀粉(m可溶性淀粉∶m红薯淀粉=1∶1)17.0 g/L,蛋白胨与酵母粉(m蛋白胨∶m酵母粉=1∶1)21.89 g/L,KNO 32.58 g/L,菌株经最佳产酶培养基培养后,其菌株酶活力提高了71.51%;烟叶发酵最优工艺为:HX-6菌株粗酶液添加量4%、发酵温度35℃、发酵时间27 h,发酵后淀粉降解率达31.75%,总糖和还原糖含量分别增加了18.8%,20.2%,感官品质显著提升(P<0.05),香气质变好,香气量增加。     

组合微生物发酵提高豆粕品质的方法与优化工艺研究

采用枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌组合发酵豆粕,通过研究不同接种量、料水比、发酵时间、发酵温度等对发酵豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性的影响,旨在确定豆粕适宜的发酵参数以及发酵对豆粕品质的影响。结果表明,理想的发酵条件为:接种量枯草芽孢杆菌4%、酵母菌5%、乳酸菌2%,料水比1∶0.9,发酵的起始温度为30℃,发酵时间为72 h,培养基的初始pH为自然(自来水)。豆粕发酵后可有效去除胰蛋白酶抑制剂。豆粕发酵后蛋白质含量提高12.12%,而氨基酸态氮含量发酵后是发酵前的10.87倍。发酵豆粕的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量均显著提高,改善了豆粕品质。     

红曲废渣发酵制备枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂

本研究通过单因素和响应面分析优化红曲废渣制备枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂的条件,对发酵过程中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的含量进行追踪,以分析菌体增长的限制因素,并对该微生态制剂的储藏稳定性和体外抗氧化性进行评估.结果表明,当发酵条件为:红曲废渣浓度100 g/L,枯草芽孢杆菌接种量为10％(5 lg CFU/mL),摇床转速为2...     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16的产酶条件优化及应用

本文采用单因素实验和正交实验,对解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16的产酶条件及水酶法提取樟树仁油工艺条件进行优化,并与枯草芽孢杆菌AS1.398的水酶法提取樟树籽仁油工艺进行比较。结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16的最佳发酵培养基为:玉米粉4.5%,麸皮2.5%,豆粕4.0%,Ca Cl_20.2%,KH_2PO_40.03%,Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 0.4%,p H7.5,121℃灭菌20 min;解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16的最佳发酵条件为:接种量2%,37℃、220 r/min,摇瓶培养44 h。在最佳产酶工艺条件下,解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16所产中性蛋白酶活力为6984.3 U/m L,比产酶条件优化前提高了54.0%。解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16水酶法提取樟树籽仁油的最适酶解时间为4 h、最适加酶量为20%(v/v),相应的樟树籽仁油得率为91.1%、樟树籽仁油的酸价升高值只有0.3 mg KOH/m L。解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16的水酶法提取樟树籽仁油的效果显著优于枯草芽孢杆菌AS1.398(常用的中性蛋白酶生产菌)的效果。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对杏鲍菇发酵液糖类成分降解规律研究

目的:探究枯草芽孢杆菌对杏鲍菇发酵液中糖类成分降解规律,为开发杏鲍菇为原料的益生菌保健品提供理论支持。方法:以杏鲍菇子实体为主要原料配制培养液,接入纯培养后的枯草芽孢杆菌,在36、46℃下分别进行发酵培养,测定(0~60)h内发酵液中总糖、还原糖浓度及枯草芽孢杆菌的菌落数。结果:大部分发酵过程中,36℃发酵条件下发酵液的总糖、多糖的含量高于46℃发酵条件中总糖、多糖的含量。整个发酵过程中,46℃发酵条件下发酵液中还原糖的含量高于36℃发酵条件中还原糖的含量。2种发酵条件下菌落数的变化趋势是先上升下降再上升。结论:从降解糖类程度、活性菌体数量、成本核算确定枯草芽孢杆菌发酵杏鲍菇子实体培养液的最佳工艺为发酵温度36℃,发酵时间为24 h。     

紫菜发酵提取物的体外降血脂功能分析

对紫菜的微生物发酵产物进行功能分析研究。采用酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)以固态、液态2种发酵方式发酵紫菜,利用非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)细胞模型对紫菜发酵提取物的体外降血脂活性进行评价。紫菜经过发酵后水溶性蛋白含量显著升高,还原糖含量显著下降;枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵醇提物在高浓度下的抑脂率高达73%,与阳性对照洛伐他汀的结果接近;高浓度下枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵水提物对胞内总甘油三酯(total triglyceride,TG)含量相较于模型组下降了8. 4%;枯草芽孢杆菌固、液态发酵醇提物对胞内总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量具有显著下调作用,相较于模型组分别下降了20. 3%和18. 2%。结果表明,紫菜经发酵后具有潜在的降血脂功能,进一步为紫菜的活性研究提供理论依据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌BSG1产蛋白酶发酵条件优化

为了进一步提高突变枯草芽孢杆菌BSG1(Bacillus subtilis BSG1)的蛋白酶分泌能力,从发酵培养基的组成及菌株的培养条件等方面,优化了枯草芽孢杆菌BSG1产蛋白酶的条件。优化出的最佳培养基(质量浓度)为:大豆粉2%,玉米粉1%,硫酸镁0.6%。最佳培养条件为:培养基起始pH7.0,摇瓶装液量150/500mL,接种量5%,摇床转速为280r/min,35℃发酵24 h。在这一条件下,枯草芽孢杆菌BSG1分泌的蛋白酶酶活达到2 469.12 U/mL,为发酵条件优化前(2 175.81 U/mL)的1.13倍。通过优化,不但提高了菌株的蛋白酶产量,更优化出了价格低廉的农产品作为碳氮源,取代了比较昂贵的生化试剂,这将会极大的降低菌株发酵生产蛋白酶的成本。     

微生物两步联合发酵对豆渣主要营养品质及抗氧化性影响

以雅致放射毛霉、枯草芽孢杆菌单独预发酵和分别联合植物乳杆菌发酵豆渣,测定发酵前后豆渣的主要营养品质和抗氧化特性的变化。结果表明,以未发酵豆渣为对照,分别经雅致放射毛霉和枯草芽孢杆菌预发酵后,豆渣的粗纤维和糖苷型大豆异黄酮含量均显著降低(P<0.05),其他主要营养物质均显著升高(P<0.05),纤维素酶活性分别提高了21.6倍和8.5倍,蛋白酶活性分别提高了7.3倍和29.6倍;相较于预发酵组,植物乳杆菌联合雅致放射毛霉和植物乳杆菌联合枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆渣后,糖苷型大豆异黄酮含量分别降低了67.2%和68.3%、苷元型大豆异黄酮升高了2.2倍和2.3倍、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性增加了154.5%和299.3%,总酚含量均显著降低。预发酵和联合发酵均可显著提升豆渣的总还原力和DPPH自由基清除能力,而后者更为显著。豆渣的抗氧化性与其大豆异黄酮的生物转化有较高的相关性。与单独预发酵相比,植物乳杆菌联合雅致放射毛霉或枯草芽孢杆菌发酵对豆渣主要营养品质、关键酶活性和抗氧化能力的提升效果更好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press