酶解水牛乳蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的工艺优化

以水牛乳蛋白为原料,选用6种蛋白酶在各自适宜的条件下酶解制备血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽,用高效液相色谱检测酶解产物对ACE的体外抑制活性,筛选出胃蛋白酶为制备水牛乳蛋白ACE抑制肽的最佳用酶.在此基础上,分别考察了酶解时间、初始酶用量、初始底物浓度、酶解温度和pH值对酶解工艺的影响,得到水牛乳蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的适宜酶解工艺条件:酶解时间为3h,酶用量为10 000U/g,底物质量浓度为20 g/L,反应温度为37℃,pH值为2.0,此时酶解产物的水解度为17.4％,ACE抑制率可达90.0％.采用超滤技术对酶解产物活性组份进行分离富集,结果表明产物中高活性部分均可富集于10 ku和5 ku渗透液中,且高活性组份分子量主要集中在5 ku以下,该组份对ACE的活性抑制率为84.7％.     

酶膜反应器水解酪蛋白连续制备ACE抑制肽的研究

目的:将酶解与膜分离耦合,连续制备ACE抑制肽.方法:通过考察超滤膜包对原料蛋白质及酶的截留、膜通量以及膜包滤出液的ACE抑制活性,确定试验用膜包;通过优化的超滤条件,采用静态间歇式反应、半连续反应和连续反应3种不同的模式制备ACE抑制肽.结果:静态反应的得率、单位时间产量和单位活力酶对应的产量远小于半连续和连续反应,其中连续反应的得率迭43.4%,单位时间产量为6284mg,h,单位活力酶对应的产量为0.23mg/U,产物的ACE抑制率迭81.6%(1mg/mL),整个系统持续稳定反应8 h以上.结论:将醇解反应与膜分离耦合来水解牛乳酪蛋白,制备ACE抑制肽,可实现连续化生产,提高原料和酶的利用率.     

小米多肽酶解工艺及其抗氧化和ACE抑制活性

以小米蛋白为原料，制备具有抗氧化活性和血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)抑制活性的食源性多肽。采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶酶解小米蛋白，选取最优酶解工艺。选用碱性蛋白酶酶解4 h，得到的蛋白水解液分别通过3 ku和10 ku的超滤膜，得到分子质量＜3，3~10 ku和＞10 ku的3种组分，测定其抗氧化活性和ACE抑制活性。结果表明:采用碱性蛋白酶酶解4 h得到的蛋白水解液经超滤后得到分子质量＜3 ku的多肽具有最高的抗氧化活性和ACE抑制活性，其DPPH清除能力为38.44%，ABTS自由基清除能力为81.62%，羟基自由基清除能力为68.49%，ACE抑制活性为87.53%。此方法得到的多肽分子质量小，功能氨基酸含量较高，具有良好的抗氧化活性和ACE抑制活性。本研究结果为抗氧化肽和ACE抑制肽的开发提供试验依据，对未来工业化的发展提供理论参考。     

超滤技术分离双低油菜ACE抑制肽及其性能研究

采用超滤技术对双低油菜酶解物中的ACE抑制肽进行了分离提纯研究,考核了分离参数对分离效果的影响,分析了不同分子质量段多肽HPLC肽谱的变化,研究了双低油菜高ACE抑制活性多肽的耐消化性、酸碱稳定性和耐热性。结果表明,超滤分离能明显提高双低油菜ACE抑制肽的活性,截留分子质量为3 ku的超滤膜透过液IC50值下降了15%,活性多肽回收率超过58%,酶解物中有4个高活性的组分峰,小于3 ku分子质量段的ACE抑制肽有良好的耐热性、酸碱稳定性和耐消化性。     

用玉米大豆复配蛋白制备降血压肽水解酶筛选研究

为了综合利用玉米、大豆加工副产品，使其营养价值、生物活性提高，用三种酶酶法改性复配蛋白质后，采用试剂盒测定了酶解肽抑制血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶（ACE）的活性，并用HPLC分析了原料中氨基酸的组成。结果表明：复配蛋白质适合用作生产抑制ACE活性肽的原料；中性蛋白酶是一种用于玉米、大豆蛋白制备降血压肽的较理想的酶，当[E]／[S]为0．5％，料液比为1：15，水解时间为3h时，肽的ACE抑制率最高可达99％。     

玉米ACE抑制肽的制备工艺及中试生产

以玉米黄粉为原料,利用Alcalase酶、Protamex酶和Flavourzyme酶酶解制备血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽,研究酶解条件、酶解方式对玉米肽ACE抑制活性的影响。同时,在试验的基础上,对100 kg玉米黄粉酶解制备ACE抑制肽进行了中试生产。实验结果表明:单酶水解制备ACE抑制肽的最适酶为Protamex酶,在酶解150 min时水解产物的ACE抑制率为(90.98±0.54)%,水解产物的分子质量集中在10 405.22~300 Da。Flavourzyme酶和Protamex酶的分步水解可进一步提高玉米蛋白的酶解效率和玉米肽对ACE的抑制活性,在先用Flavourzyme酶水解2 h再加入Protamex酶继续水解3 h后,水解产物的ACE抑制率达到(99.35±3.55)%(IC50=0.764 mg/m L),水解产物的分子质量集中在8 439.49~185.2 Da。采用双酶分步水解方式水解100 kg玉米黄粉时,肽粉得率为27%,ACE抑制率为(56.70±0.86)%(1 mg/m L)。     

酪蛋白源ACE抑制肽的分离纯化

采用碱性蛋白酶酶解酪蛋白制备ACE抑制肽.通过正交实验得到最佳酶解条件为:温度50℃,pH值7.5,酶用量5%,底物质量分数5%,在此条件下,ACE抑制活性为47.23%.采用超滤对酶解液进行初步分离,得到分子量小于4 ku的组分,其ACE抑制活性为57.34%.用凝胶柱SephadexG一25进行进一步纯化,纯化后的组分ACE抑制活性最高可达62.78%,比原酶解物的ACE抑制活性高了24.77%,其相对分子质量在1 500 u以下.     

马面鱼皮ACE抑制肽的制备、分离纯化及稳定性

为实现马面鱼皮的高值化利用,优化其胶原蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的酶解条件,通过超滤、凝胶色谱、高效液相及U-PLC-MS等方法分离、纯化及分析ACE抑制肽.探讨pH值、温度及体外模拟胃肠消化对分离制备多肽的ACE抑制活性的影响.结果表明:利用复合酶解法可制备高活性ACE抑制肽,即在蛋白酶N"天野"2G用量1200 U/g,...     

酶解丝素蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的研究

本研究首次探讨利用Alcalase酶解丝素蛋白制备高活性ACE抑制肽.以水解度为主要评价指标,研究了温度、浓度、pH、加酶量以及反应时间对酶解反应的影响.分析了不同水解度下的酶解产物与ACE体外抑制活性、肽得率和蛋白回收率的关系.确定了制备ACE抑制肽的最佳酶解反应DH值为17.12％,此时所得丝素蛋白肽的肽得率为50...     

超滤法制备高ACE抑制活性玉米肽

为了获得高降血压活性的玉米肽,采用截留分子质量为5、3、1 ku超滤膜对玉米蛋白酶解液进行分级分离,比较了各级份及未分级玉米肽的肽含量及血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性;并采用正交试验对最佳膜分离条件进行了优化。结果显示:经截留分子质量3 ku的膜滤过肽液的ACE抑制活性最高,其最佳膜分离条件为:原液浓缩比3∶1,pH值为5.5,温度为35℃时,此玉米肽滤过液的ACE抑制率大于82.27%。截留分子质量为3 ku的超滤膜为分离玉米ACE抑制肽的最佳超滤膜。     

Primary and secondary structure of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from egg white protein

The primary structure of novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from egg white protein was investigated, and secondary structure of the peptide was explored for the first time. The potential effects of bioactive peptides were submitted to bioactivity screening with ACE inhibitory activity, antioxidant property, and anticoagulation activity. Bioactive peptides from egg white protein were characterized by LC tandem mass spectrometric, and secondary structures of those peptides were investigated by FT-IR. Our results showed that total 11 bioactive peptides with three new and eight known structures were identified with LC/MS/MS, which then were synthesized by Fmoc solid phase method. Peptide Thr-Asn-Gly-Ile-Ile-Arg (TNGIIR) exhibited higher activity against ACE to other two new peptides. The concentration of the peptide TNGIIR, necessary to inhibit 50% the activity of ACE was 70 μM. Results also suggested that the secondary structural differences between peptides could also influence the ACE inhibition capacity. Thus, it appears that primary and secondary structure of peptide plays the potential role inhibiting the ACE activity.     

QIGLF, a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide from egg white protein

BACKGROUND: Novel angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory peptides from egg white protein can be rapidly screened by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In this study, several peptides with higher ACE‐inhibitory activity were prepared from egg white protein by enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase, purified with Sephadex G25, identified by LC/MS/MS and their structure determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. RESULTS: Peptide sequences DHPFLF, HAEIN and QIGLF that showed ACE‐inhibitory activity were investigated further for their stability in gastrointestinal solution and for changes in their secondary structure in solution mixtures. QIGLF exhibited the highest activity (IC₅₀ = 75 µmol L^?1) and was resistant to digestion by proteases of the gastrointestinal tract. The CD spectrum of QIGLF showed the presence of the α‐helix conformation. CONCLUSION: Three peptides were identified by LC/MS/MS and synthesised by Fmoc solid phase synthesis. Of the three, only the peptide sequence QIGLF was a potential ACE inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ value of 75 µmol L^?1. Moreover, QIGLF showed low gastrointestinal enzyme susceptibility and contained a relatively high amount of α‐helix. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Identification of an Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysates by a Soybean Protease and the Antihypertensive Effects of Hydrolysates in 4 Spontaneously Hypertensive Model Rats

ABSTRACT: Our previous study demonstrated that, because of its substrate specificity, protein hydrolysates by protease D3, which is originated from soybean, exhibited the prominent property of being less bitter than other enzymatic hydrolysates. In the 1st experiment in this series, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from soy protein hydrolysate by D3 were identified by the establishment of a novel and effective peptide identification method. The amino acid sequences of candidate ACE inhibitory peptides were determined by electrospray ionization mass/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis after rough purification of the samples with gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. Some of the candidate peptides had amino acid sequences that showed homology with those of the reported ACE inhibitory peptides. Then, 8 types of novel candidate peptides were synthesized according to a solid-phase method, and their ACE inhibitory activity was confirmed as the IC₅₀ value. The most potent inhibitor was NWGPLV (IC₅₀= 21 μ M ). In the 2nd experiment, the antihypertensive activity of protein hydrolysates by D3 was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive model rats (SHRs). The dose-dependent antihypertensive effect of soy protein hydrolysate was confirmed, and systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced after the oral administration of doses exceeding 100 mg/kg. Casein hydrolysate was found to have the most potent effects on suppressing blood pressure as well as ACE inhibitory activity among the various food protein hydrolysates studied because of the primary structure of casein. These results indicate that hydrolysates by D3 could be a useful food ingredient because it has the physiological function (antihypertensive activity).     

Evaluation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of hydrolysates generated from byproducts of freshwater clam

Solid wastes of freshwater clam in food processing, including mainly mantle, were used as a raw material for the recovery of bioactive peptides related to angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Among the primary hydrolysates of dried mantle (DM), the peptides corresponding to hydrolysates using 2 crude peptidases exhibited a strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀, 0.23 mg/mL), and recovery efficiency of soluble materials and their protein content were considerably large with 42.65% and 468.6 mg/g, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity of all secondary hydrolysates digested by pepsin and trypsin was significantly increased as compared to primary hydrolysates. Furthermore, the peptic secondary hydrolysates were fractionated by gel filtration and reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). These peptides with molecular weight of less than 1 kDa possessed the stronger ACE inhibitory effect, and their inhibitory pattern was found to be competitive. The results showed that the DM hydoplysates might be utilized as a rich source of bioactive peptide.     

Evaluation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus) muscle protein hydrolysates generated by gastrointestinal proteases: identification of the most potent active peptide

In this study, smooth hound protein hydrolysates (SHPHs), obtained by treatment with various gastrointestinal proteases, were analyzed for their angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Protein hydrolysates were obtained by treatment with crude alkaline enzyme extract, low molecular weight (LMW) alkaline protease, trypsin-like protease and pepsin from Mustelus mustelus, and bovine trypsin. All hydrolysates exhibited inhibitory activity toward ACE. Hydrolysate generated with alkaline protease extract displayed the highest ACE inhibitory activity, and the higher inhibition activity (82.6% at 2 mg/mL) was obtained with a hydrolysis degree of 18.8%. This hydrolysate was then fractionated by size exclusion chromatography on a Sephadex G-25 into five major fractions (P₁–P₅). ACE inhibitory activities of all fractions were assayed, and P₃ was found to display a high ACE inhibitory activity (62.24% at 1 mg/mL). P₃ was then fractionated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and ten fractions of ACE inhibitors were found (F₁–F₁₀). Sub-fraction F₃ showed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity, being able to suppress more than 60% of initial enzyme activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The amino acid sequence of peptide F₃ was determined by ESI/MS and ESI–MS/MS as Ala-Gly-Ser, and the IC₅₀ value for ACE inhibitory activity was 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/mL. Further, purified peptide F₃ maintained inhibitory activity even after in vitro digestion with gastrointestinal proteases in order to demonstrate gastrointestinal stability digestion to enable oral application. These results indicate that smooth hound protein hydrolysate possesses potent antihypertensive activity.     

豆粕血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的结构鉴定及作用机制解析

以大豆粕为原材料,利用超声辅助酶解技术、超滤-?KTA层析相结合的方法分离纯化获取豆粕酶解产物中血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE）抑制肽,对其分子质量分布进行研究,后通过质谱分析与分子对接技术鉴定并筛选出ACE抑制活性肽的氨基酸序列,经固相合成肽序列,检测其ACE抑制肽的活性并基于分子对接技术探索其抑制机制。结果表明：经超声辅助酶解提取获得的豆粕肽分子质量主要分布在6 000 Da以下;根据分子对接的最低预测自由能筛选出的GVRP（－8.44 kcal/mol）和IIVTP（－9.04 kcal/mol）可以抑制ACE活性,半抑制浓度（50% inhibitory concentration,IC50）分别为（84±0.06）、（77±0.08）μmol/L;分子对接结果表明：GVRP、IIVTP能够与ACE的活性口袋S1、S1′、S2形成氢键相互作用,共有的过近接触（3.5 ?范围内）ACE氨基酸残基为His513、Ala354和Glu384。本研究基于串联质谱与分子对接技术,建立从混合多肽中快速鉴定、筛选活性多肽的方法,探究活性多肽与ACE稳定结合并体现其ACE活性的抑制机制,为后续的深入研究提供一定参考。     

基于超声预处理的脱脂玉米胚芽ACE抑制肽的制备

为了研究超声辅助酶解制备血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽的较优工艺,通过三种超声设备对脱脂玉米胚芽预处理,碱性蛋白酶酶解,酶解液体外模拟胃肠消化,以消化液ACE抑制率和酶解过程中玉米胚芽水解度(DH)为指标对超声预处理和酶解的参数进行单因素逐级优化。实验结果表明,最佳超声工作模式为20~40 kHz聚能式逆流双频交替超声模式;超声工作参数为功率密度120 W/L,超声预处理时间15 min,初始温度30℃,物料浓度5%;酶解条件为加酶量3000 U/g,酶解时间30 min,pH9.0,酶解温度50℃。在此条件下,酶解液的IC₅₀为4.166 mg/mL,比对照组降低了5.08%;胃肠消化液的IC₅₀为3.986 mg/mL,比对照降低了4.44%。制备的酶解产物,经模拟胃肠消化后具有较强的ACE抑制活性。优化获得的制备脱脂玉米胚芽ACE抑制肽的工艺是可行的。     

基于LC-MS/MS的酸乳肽谱及ACE抑制活性

利用液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)的方法,对4种酸乳(优味舒风味发酵乳、风味发酵乳、初乳24+K风味发酵乳和十天风味发酵乳)的肽谱进行分析,分别鉴定到152、125、364条和274条肽段。利用血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)的抑制活性比较以上4种酸乳的生物活性,在相同质量浓度2.0 mg/L时,4种酸乳ACE抑制率分别为46.84%、42.75%、77.41%和63.84%。初乳24+K风味发酵乳含有肽的数量大、ACE抑制活性高可能与其独特的原料成分相关。对4种酸乳的肽谱及ACE抑制活性的考察,为进一步研究酸乳肽的功能特点和ACE抑制活性提供了理论依据。     

泥鳅ACE抑制肽的体外活性研究

以泥鳅蛋白为原料,酶解制备具有降血压活性的短肽,研究该肽的稳定性。在加热温度≤80℃条件下加热2h,泥鳅降血压肽（<2.5ku）的ACE抑制活性没有显著变化。当2.0≤pH≤8.0时,泥鳅降血压肽的ACE抑制活性变化不显著。冷冻干燥优于喷雾干燥。Mg2+对泥鳅降压肽的降压活性起到促进作用,而Zn2+和Mn2+抑制了肽的降压活性。葡萄糖对降压肽活性的影响程度明显大于蔗糖,随着浓度的升高,其ACE抑制活性逐渐降低,褐变程度加深;氯化钠对降压活性的影响不明显。在模拟胃肠道消化体系中,胃蛋白酶的消化显著提高了产物的降压活性;胰酶的消化降低了产物的降压活性。泥鳅多肽属于底物型ACE抑制肽。      

乳清蛋白酶解制备ACE抑制肽的研究

采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽，通过体外检测法测定其ACE抑制率。结果表明，碱性蛋白酶水解物的ACE抑制率最大。采用三因素二次通用旋转设计对碱性蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白的水解条件进行优化。研究了底物浓度、温度和酶与底物的质量比对ACE抑制率的影响，建立了回归方程，分析了各因素对ACE抑制率的影响．确定了最优的水解条件。