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关于二次烧成釉面砖等问题的答疑１、我公司生产二次烧成釉面砖,我们在釉面中使用某厂生产的镨黄色料,经１１２０℃釉烧后,黄色几乎消失,请问是何原因,是否与我厂使用的秀明熔块有关？ 答：镨黄是一种稳定性很好的色料,它的烧成温度范围广,发色能力强,与透明熔块相容性好,在１１２０℃温度下使用应该是没有问题的。贵厂出现颜色消褪的问题,估计是色料生产的质量出现问题。目前有的色料生产厂家由于技术和管理等原因,生产的色料质量发色不稳定。在选用色料时最好选用大公司生产的色料,他们在生产控制和质量保障上做得很好,且每…     

陶瓷色料在高温瓷泥中的应用研究

研究了陶瓷色料在高温瓷泥中的发色情况，结果发现：在1310℃的烧成温度下，镨黄、锆铁红、棕色、钴黑、铬锡红等包料均会出现起泡、变色、褪色等缺陷，而包裹色料发包正常。文中测量了各包坯的色度值，对色料出现缺陷的原因进行T分忻。实验证实：温度和气氛是影响色料在瓷泥中发包的2个主要原因。所有色料都适合在氧化气氛、温度为250℃使用。     

ZnO包裹γ-Ce_2S_3大红色料的制备及其温度稳定性

以乙酸锌、六亚甲基四胺和CTAB为原料,采用液相法制备ZnO包裹γ-Ce_2S_3大红色料,研究了不同反应温度对ZnO包裹γ-Ce_2S_3色料的温度稳定性及H_2S释放的影响。结果表明:当反应温度在90℃时形成了均匀致密的ZnO包裹层,包裹后的色料温度稳定性从350℃提升到380℃,在380℃空气气氛下热处理后的红度值a*达36.17,高于未包裹色料的a*值(27.99)。将包裹后的色料在200℃热处理0.5 h后并未发现有H_2S气体放出,且色料红度值保持不变。     

水解法制备氧化硅包覆钒酸铋黄色颜料及其表征

研究先采用共沉淀法制备了未包裹BiVO₄黄色色料,再以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用水解法制备了SiO₂包裹BiVO₄包裹色料。系统研究了Si/Bi摩尔比和水浴温度对包裹色料耐温性的影响,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对色料进行了表征。结果表明,当反应温度为45℃、n_Si/Bi=4时,可得到耐温性最佳的BiVO₄@SiO₂色料,其色度参数L*、a*和b*值分别为75.41、0.06和72.08,包裹色料在700℃煅烧后其呈色基本不变,并在800℃煅烧后仍呈现红相黄色调且未烧结成块,仍可作为黄色颜料使用,而未包裹色料在600℃煅烧后已变色且烧结成块无法使用。总之,BiVO₄@SiO₂包裹色料的耐温性有了显著提升,且可开发为多种色度的高温无机黄色颜料。     

溶胶凝胶法制备铬锡红色料研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了铬锡红色料,对不同矿化剂,不同温度下合成的色料进行了ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、可见分光光度和颗粒度的测试。结果表明：在采用适当的矿化剂所合成的色料中,锡榍石含量在１２００℃已达到最大值;铬己固溶入锡榍石晶格中取代了部分锡,从而使色料呈现玛瑙红色,在１２００℃合成出高品位、高温稳定的铬锡红色料,这个温度比固相法合成的温度降低了１００℃。与固相合成法相比采用溶胶－凝胶法合成的试样其呈色更好,     

探究温度制度对制备ZrSiO4-CdSxSe1-x包裹色料的影响

笔者研究了化学共沉淀法制备ZrSiO4-CdSxSe1-x包裹色料的工艺,进一步探究了温度制度（煅烧温度、升温速率和保温时间）对其合成的包裹色料的影响,并利用扫描电镜、色差仪对实验样品进行表征和分析。实验表明：当煅烧温度为950℃时,升温速率为30℃/min,保温时间为40min,色料在透明釉的呈色效果最佳,色度值坐标...     

氧化镨制造陶瓷色料总结

制造陶瓷色料,需要使用大量的化工原料,如氧化锆、氧化铬、氧化锡、五氧化二钒等。这些化工原料,有的不仅价格昂贵,而且国内资源少,供应有困难。例如,五氧化二钒经常需要从国外进口金属钒,在国内加工后,供生产陶瓷色料使用。为扩大制造陶瓷黄色色料原料的品种,1965年我厂就开始了利用氧化镨制造     

影响锆镨黄质量的因素及控制方法

任何一种色料要得到广泛的应用,必须具备两个基本条件：一是呈色稳定性好;二是呈色能力强。锆镨黄色料呈色鲜明,在加入量极少的情况下,可获得柔和色调,通过锆基三原色(锆镨黄、钒锆兰、锆铁红)可以制得一系列的调和色,所以它是市场上销售量极好的色料品种之一。目前,许多陶瓷色料-厂都努力研究如何制备呈色能力强、色调纯正、成本低廉的镨黄色料,其中最重要的是保证其品质的稳定性。现就锆镨黄色料生产过程中影响其质量的一些因素,提出一些控制办法。     

烧成制度对溶胶-共沉淀合成锆镨黄色料的影响

采用溶胶-共沉淀法合成锆镨黄色料,分别探讨了煅烧温度、升温速率和保温时间对合成色料的物相组成、显微形貌与色度值的影响。实验结果表明:以4℃/min的升温速率煅烧至750℃并保温时间1 h,合成的色料性能最佳,此时主晶相为硅酸锆,还有少量的二氧化锆;煅烧温度和保温时间的增加致使硅酸锆含量先增加后减少,色度值随着硅酸锆含量的变化也先提高后降低;而随升温速率的提高,硅酸锆的含量增加,并在8℃/min时完全转化为硅酸锆;随温度、升温速率和保温时间的增加,部分硅酸锆晶体的显微形貌由颗粒状发育为块状和柱状。     

浅谈偏钒酸铵在陶瓷色料中的应用

本文简要介绍了偏钒酸铵在陶瓷色料行业中作为矿化剂的应用。其中,主要介绍了偏钒酸铵在镨黄、钴黑、无钴黑、坯用黑色及蓝绿系列陶瓷色料中不同的矿化剂作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。