半固态铝合金钛、硼细化工艺研究

采用钛硼细化工艺,结合低温浇注方法,制备了ZL104铝合金半固态坯料,并将坯料重新加热至半固态温度进行等温处理.实验结果表明:钛硼有效地细化了合金的铸态组织,半固态重熔过程中可获得球形初生α-Al晶粒,浇注温度越低,铸态组织越细,球形初生α-Al晶粒组织越好.     

细化处理ZL104半固态保温过程中的组织演变

研究了用稀土和钛硼细化剂细化处理的ZL104铝合金的铸态组织和其在半固态重熔加热过程中的组织变化。实验结果表明：稀土和钛硼都细化了合金的铸态组织，半固态重熔过程中都可获得球形初生α-Al晶粒。但钛硼细化效果比稀土好，获得的球形晶粒的圆整度高，初生α-Al晶粒的球化速度快。     

稀土La对半固态A356铝合金凝固组织的影响

利用Al-La稀土中间合金对液态A356铝合金进行了细化处理,并用低温浇注技术制备了半固态A356铝合金浆料,研究了细化处理对所制备半固态A356铝合金的初生α-Al相形貌和尺寸的影响。结果表明,细化处理的A356铝合金经低温浇注可制备具有颗粒状和蔷薇状初生α-Al相的半固态浆料,稀土La可显著改善半固态A356铝合金中初生α-Al相的晶粒尺寸和颗粒形貌。探讨了稀土La对半固态A356铝合金的初生α-Al相细化机理。     

倾斜板法制备铝基复合材料半固态坯料的研究

采用倾斜板法制备了半固态TiB2/ZL203复合材料坯料,考察了浇注温度和倾斜角度对半固态坯料组织中初生α-Al颗粒形貌和尺寸的影响。结果表明,采用倾斜板法可以制备出初生α-Al相细小且呈等轴状或近球状的TiB2/ZL203复合材料坯料。初生α-Al相平均晶粒尺寸和平均圆度系数分别随着浇注温度的减小和倾斜角度的增加而相应地减小和增加。但当倾斜角度超过45°时,半固态组织有所粗化。当倾斜角度为45°和浇注温度为700℃,半固态TiB2/ZL203复合材料坯料初生α-Al相平均晶粒尺寸最小,形貌最为圆整,适于触变成形。     

水冷铜质蛇形通道制备半固态7075铝合金浆料

采用自制的水冷铜质蛇形通道装置制备了半固态7075铝合金浆料,研究了浇注温度、弯道数量和冷却水流量对半固态7075铝合金浆料组织的影响。结果表明,当浇注温度为680~700℃时,能获得理想的半固态7075铝合金浆料,其初生α-Al的平均晶粒尺寸小于41μm,形状因子大于0.79。相同温度下,随着弯道数量增加,半固态浆料组织中初生α-Al的平均晶粒尺寸减小、形状因子提高;冷却水流量为450L/h时,获得的半固态浆料组织较好。采用低过热度浇注制备半固态7075铝合金浆料过程中,合金熔体在具有一定弧度且封闭的蛇形弯道内流动并多次改变流动方向,具有类似搅拌功能,使得初生晶核逐渐演变为球形或近球形晶粒。     

水冷铜质蛇形通道制备半固态A380铝合金浆料

采用水冷铜质蛇形通道制备了半固态A380铝合金浆料,研究了浇注温度、弯道数量、冷却水流量对半固态A380铝合金浆料组织的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,初生α-Al晶粒尺寸减小、形状因子提高;浇注温度在610~630℃时,可以获得理想的半固态浆料组织。随着水冷铜质蛇形通道弯道数量增加,半固态浆料组织中初生α-Al晶粒更加细小、均匀、圆整。水冷铜质蛇形通道冷却水流量为500L/h时,可以获得初生α-Al晶粒细小、圆整的半固态浆料组织。     

半固态2A12铝合金部分重熔组织的演变

对低压脉冲磁场技术制备的2A12铝合金半固态坯料进行部分重熔,利用光学显微镜和图像分析仪等,对半固态坯料部分重熔微观组织的演变进行了研究.结果表明,随着加热温度的提高或保温时间的延长,坯料的平均晶粒尺寸增大,重熔液相增加,晶粒的圆整度提高.最佳的部分重熔工艺参数如下:加热温度为620℃左右,保温时间为20～40 min.形成初生α-Al晶粒为均匀的近球形颗粒,平均晶粒尺寸为116～120 μm,液相率在40％左右,适合于半固态触变成形.组织演化机制分析表明,部分重熔的初期阶段,重熔液相较少,晶粒主要通过凝并快速长大;随加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,重熔液相增加,晶粒主要通过原子扩散慢速长大并发生球化.     

半固态模锻ZL101铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能

采用低过热度浇注法制备半固态ZL101铝合金圆棒坯料,在200 T立式油压机上模锻成形铝合金车轮,研究了铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能.结果表明:低过热度浇注法制备ZL101铝合金圆棒坯的合理浇注温度为635 ～655 ℃,棒坯组织为细小均匀的等轴和球形α-Al晶粒,棒坯合适的二次加热工艺为600 ℃等温加热60 ～80 min.半固态模锻ZL101铝合金车轮组织由球形α-Al晶粒和α+Si共晶组织组成,经T6热处理后,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为211.9 MPa、318.1MPa和5.9％,表明半固态模锻铝合金车轮具有较高的综合力学性能.     

脉冲磁场下制备半固态铝铜合金坯料的研究

采用脉冲磁场技术制备了半固态Al-4.5Cu合金坯料,考察了冷却速度和脉冲频率对半固态坯料初生α-Al相形貌和尺寸的影响.结果表明,利用脉冲磁场处理可以制备出初生α-A1相为细小的近球状颗粒的半固态Al-4.5Cu合金坯料.初生α -Al相平均晶粒尺寸和平均形状系数分别随着冷却速度的减小和脉冲频率的增加而相应的减小和增加.但当冷却速度减小到20℃/min,脉冲频率增大到10 Hz时,半固态组织有所粗化.当冷却速度为40℃/min,脉冲频率为6 Hz时,半固态Al-4.5Cu合金坯料初生α-Al相平均晶粒尺寸最小,形貌最为圆整,适合于半固态成形.     

准共晶铝硅合金半固态坯料重熔加热时的组织演变

以Al-10Si-3Cu-1Mg准共晶铝硅合金为研究对象,采用低温铸造法制得半固态淬火坯料,研究坯料重熔加热温度和保温时间对组织演变的影响.结果表明,提高加热温度或者延长保温时间,可使准共晶铝硅合金中共晶硅由铸态坯料显微组织的条状、蠕虫状及网状转变为球状或块状,网状被打开直至长成粗大的球状;共晶α相与初生α-Al相合并、长大成完全的非枝晶组织.准共晶铝硅合金坯料半固态加热重熔的最佳工艺参数为:558℃保温40 min或568℃保温20 min,既可使初生α-Al相完全非枝晶化,又可使共晶硅转变为小的粒状.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.