铁酸镧掺杂对铌酸钾钠基陶瓷介电和铁电性能的影响(英文)

用传统固相反应法制备了(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3(KNN)和0.98(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.02LaFeO3(0.98KNN-0.02LF)无铅陶瓷,并对其介电、铁电性质以及相结构进行了研究.KNN陶瓷是正交相,0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷是伪立方相结构.介电研究表明:0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷的介温曲线与KNN陶瓷相比较出现两点异常:(i)正交相–四方相相变温度(TO-T)和四方相–立方相相变温度(TT-C)均降低;(ii)最高介电常数温度Tm附近的相变温度宽化.并且,0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷在0～400℃内显示了相对比较平坦的介电常数,介电常数达到2000,介电损耗低于4%.电滞回线变"窄"进一步证明了0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷的弛豫性.     

手性化合物S811的强热释效应及反铁电特性

用热释电流谱、介电温谱、电滞回线谱、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热台偏光显微镜(PLM)对手性化合物S811的电学性能及相变行为进行了研究.热释电流谱、介电温谱显示S811在相变附近具有强热释电电流,其最大热释电系数达到384nC/(cm2·K),介电常数在相变过程也发生了突变.电滞回线谱显示,在冷却过程依次出现了反铁电体-铁电体转变的双电滞回线和单电滞回线,揭示了S811作为热释电探测材料的应用潜力,拓展了其应用范围.     

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜的微结构及铁电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(简称BST)薄膜材料,研究了BST薄膜的组成、晶体结构、表面形貌及介电性能.介电偏压特性曲线和电滞回线都表明其具有铁电性,厚度为500 nm、晶粒尺寸为30 nm的BST薄膜,介电系数电压变化率(介电调谐率)为29.4%,矫顽场强(EC)约为12.1 kV/cm,并讨论了介电偏压特性曲线和电滞回线之间的联系,解释了电滞回线不对称的原因.     

掺镁铌酸钾锂晶体的生长与介电特性

首次用提拉法生长了K3Li2 Nb5O15∶Mg晶体 ,在 10～70 0K的温度范围内 ,研究了该晶体的c、a方向片的介电温度特性 ,测量了频率在 5× 10 2 ～ 5× 10 8Hz范围内介电常数的频率依赖关系。结果表明除了在 62 3K附近有铁电 -顺电相变以外 ,还在 80K左右存在铁电 -铁电相变 ,其介电弛豫频率约为2 5 0MHz左右。     

无铅Ba(Ce,Ti)O_3陶瓷的电卡效应

本文使用标准固相烧结法制备了Ba(Ti_(1-x)Ce_x)O_3(x=0.10,0.15,0.20)陶瓷,通过XRD分析发现这些陶瓷中除了Ba(Ti_(1-x)Ce_x)O_3主相外,还存在少量的杂相。利用Rietveld拟合的方法,获得了Ba(Ti_(1-x)Ce_x)O_3主相中的Ce/Ti实际比例。介电温谱表明这些陶瓷均存在一个明显的介电峰,且随着x的增加,峰值温度下降,介电峰宽展宽。利用不同温度下的电滞迴线,给出了不同温度和电场强度下的极化值,通过间接法获得了这些陶瓷的电卡效应。结果表明,BaTi_(0.9)Ce_(0.1)O_3的电卡效应最强,其DT值在403K和40kV/cm的电场下达到最大值,为0.48K,电卡强度为0.12×10~(-6)K·m/V。     

(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的介电压电性能

研究了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的介电和压电性能,发现陶瓷从室温到500℃温度范围的介电谱中存在两个介电峰,电滞回线显示第一个介电峰由铁电-反铁电相变引起的,温度继续升高,反铁电相由宏畴变为微畴,微畴向顺电相转变导致了第二个介电峰,该峰对应的相变为弥散型相变.室温下陶瓷具有较高的剩余极化强度Pr=29.4μC/cm2和相对低的矫顽电场Ec=2.8kV/mm,极化后的陶瓷显示出较高的压电常数d33=120pC/N和机电耦合系数Kp=28.5%,以及高的频率常数Nφ=2916Hz.m,120℃具有最小的谐振频率温度系数.     

Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3-K0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3系铁电体的相变研究

研究了(Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系x分别为0、0.08、0.16和0.20时陶瓷不同频率下的介电温谱,发现材料为弛豫型铁电体,材料的介电谱在室温到500℃的温度范围内存在一个介电常数-温度"台阶",一个介电常数-温度峰和一个介电损耗-温度峰,通过分析陶瓷不同温度下的电滞回线验证陶瓷在升温过程中产生了铁电-反铁电-顺电相变,采用铁电体成分起伏理论和内电场理论解释了这类弛豫型铁电体相变的原因.     

Nao．5 Bio．5 TiO3 -Ko．5 Bi0．5 TiO3系铁电体的相变研究

研究了(Na1-xKx)0.5 Bi0．5 TiO3体系x分别为0、0．08、0．16和0．20时陶瓷不同频率下的介电温谱，发现材料为弛豫型铁电体，材料的介电谱在室温到500℃的温度范围内存在一个介电常数-温度“台阶”，一个介电常数-温度峰和一个介电损耗一温度峰，通过分析陶瓷不同温度下的电滞回线验证陶瓷在升温过程中产生了铁电-反铁电-顺电相变，采用铁电体成分起伏理论和内电场理论解释了这类弛豫型铁电体相变的原因。     

(0.84-x)Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-0.16K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3-x)SrTiO_3系无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能

采用固相法制备了Bi补偿的(0.84-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.16K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-x SrTiO3(简称NBTKBT-xST)无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同ST掺量对体系陶瓷的结构与电性能的影响规律。结果表明,在掺杂范围内(0≤x≤0.06),材料均能形成单一的钙钛矿固溶体结构。随着x的增加,陶瓷晶体结构逐渐由三方相向四方相过渡,且该体系的三方-四方准同型相界(MPB)位于0.03≤x≤0.04。在此组成区域内,体系陶瓷的铁电与压电性能较好,其中x=0.04时,材料的电性能较好:压电常数d33=156 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数k p=0.29,相对介电常数εr=1116,介质损耗tanδ=4.1%,剩余极化强度P r=30.5μC/cm2,矫顽场E c=23.9 kV/cm。介电温谱和变温电滞回线表明体系陶瓷在T d以上可能存在极性相与非极性相共存。     

Ho_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_3的磁性与巨磁介电效应

采用固相反应法制备了Ho0.5Pr0.5FeO3多晶样品,对其磁性和磁介电特性进行了系统研究。在T=4.5 K附近存在Ho离子的反铁磁相变,在T=59~80K可观测到Fe离子的自旋重取向转变,磁滞回线表明样品呈现弱铁磁性。在T=270 K,介电常数可达~103,研究表明该介电常数与270 K附近的电阻变化相关联,该处电阻变小,介质损耗减小,导致介电值变大。尤其重要的是,该样品在室温下表现出磁场诱导的巨磁介电效应,在频率f=1 kHz、外加磁场为1.6×106 A/m下,其值可达5500%,该巨磁介电效应可能来源于磁电阻效应。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.