熔融缩聚法合成高分子量聚L-乳酸

以L-乳酸为原料,采用分步除水、丙交酯回流、优选催化剂等工艺,通过熔融缩聚法制备了高分子量聚L-乳酸(PLLA),研究了脱水产物、反应装置、催化剂、聚合工艺等对产物分子量、产率及色泽的影响,并对产物分子结构进行了表征。在加装丙交酯回流装置后,以Sn(Ot)2/SnC l2.2H2O/TSA为催化剂,在170℃,反应12h所得PLLA黏均分子量(Mη)可达10.6万,产率为76%。     

一种新型成核剂对聚乳酸等温结晶行为的影响(英文)

The effect of a novel active nucleating agent(TBC8-eb) on the isothermal crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) . The analysis on kinetics demonstrates that TBC8-eb can not only accelerate the crystallization rate but also transform most of the original spherulite crystals of PLLA into sheaf-like crystals. Furthermore,the free energy of folding(σe) of PLLA and PLLA with TBC8-eb is 0.15 and 0.06 J·m-2,respectively,which suggests that the addition of TBC8-eb favors the regular folding of molecule chains in the crystallization of PLLA,improv-ing its crystallization rate. The FTIR results show that TBC8-eb can accelerate the conformational ordering of PLLA in the isothermal crystallization. The conformational ordering of PLLA nucleated with TBC8-eb begins with the interchain interaction of CH3,and then a short helix emerges where a couple of CH3 groups interact.     

异烟肼衍生物对聚L-乳酸性能的影响

以异烟肼和均苯三酸为原料合成了新型均苯三酸三异烟肼,考察了其对聚L-乳酸(PLLA)结晶性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:均苯三酸三异烟肼起到了异相成核的作用,能有效提升PLLA的结晶速率,其中添加质量分数2.0%的均苯三酸三异烟肼可使PLLA有最大非等温结晶焓,但过量的均苯三酸三异烟肼却不利于PLLA的结晶。均苯三酸三异烟肼的加入不会改变PLLA的热分解行为,但随着均苯三酸三异烟肼含量的增加,其起始分解温度下降。     

生物医用材料聚L-乳酸的生物相容性及降解性能研究

通过DSC、SEM、TGA等分析手段对合成得到的聚L-乳酸(PLLA)进行了细胞种植、动物体内包埋及热降解实验,其生物相容性及体内、体外降解情况。实验证明PLLA材料具有良好的生物相容性和组织相容性。用其薄膜埋植于兔子皮下,兔子的生存状态及生长良好;其薄膜可为细胞在其表面上生长、增殖、分泌基质提供良好的微环境。PLLA材料分子量越大降解速度越慢,且体内降解的速度要比体外降解的速度快。     

聚L-乳酸的热性能研究

为了了解聚L-乳酸(PLLA)自身结构特点,更好地控制其成型加工过程,研究了PLLA的非等温结晶行为、熔融行为和热失重过程。结果表明:降温速率对PLLA的非等温结晶过程具有显著影响,在1℃/min的降温速率下,PLLA的结晶起始温度为121℃,结晶焓为3.363 J/g;PLLA的熔融双峰遵循熔融-再结晶的机理;PLLA热分解温度在300℃左右,且随升温速率的增加而增大。     

聚乳酸纤维的静电纺丝及其形态结构研究

采用二氯甲烷为溶剂,以滚筒为收集装置,利用静电纺丝法制备了聚乳酸纳米纤维。分析了溶液体系和滚筒转速对纤维形态结构的影响。结果表明:在质量分数相同的条件下,采用相对分子质量较大的聚乳酸切片所纺纤维直径细而均匀;质量分数增加时,电纺丝产品由一些高分子微/纳米液滴渐变为成形较好、珠状较少的平滑纤维,其平均纤维直径先增加后减小;控制收集滚筒的转速在一定范围内,可以获得排列取向较好的纤维。     

聚L-乳酸的研究进展与产业化进程

随着资源的减少和白色污染的加剧，作为生物可降解材料的聚L-乳酸（PLLA）引起了世人的广泛关注。综述了近年来PLLA的合成方法如一步聚合法、两步聚合法、酶催化开环聚合法等，介绍了PLLA在医用、纺织、塑料等领域的专利情况及其应用现状，认为随着LLA的大批量生产和利用，PLLA的生产成本将大幅度下降，必将得到巨大的发展。     

直接熔融缩聚法合成聚L-乳酸

以L-乳酸为原料,通过直接缩聚法合成了聚L-乳酸(PLLA)。探讨了反应历程中包括聚合温度及时间、催化剂种类及用量对PLLA黏均分子量和光学纯度的影响。采用红外光谱确定聚合物结构,用乌氏黏度计测定黏均分子量,通过旋光仪测定比旋光度,并通过其值计算PLLA的光学纯度。研究表明:合适的聚合温度为150℃,聚合时间为20 h,真空度0.1 MPa,催化剂氯化亚锡和对甲苯磺酸(TSA)组成的复合催化剂效果好于辛酸亚锡、氧化锌;得到的PLLA最高黏均分子量达到41 320,最高光学纯度达到86.4%,可以作为增塑剂使用。     

Gelatin multilayers assembled on poly(L-lactic acid) surface for better cytocompatibility

Gelatin multilayers were assembled on PLLA substrate at pH 3, 5, and 7, which was below, around, and above the isoelectric point of the amphoteric polymer, using the layer-by-layer assembly technique. The multilayer deposition on the PLLA substrate was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurement. The XPS, water contact angle, and atomic force microscopy data indicated that the layer thickness, surface hydrophilicity, and surface morphology of the gelatin multilayers assembled strongly depended on the pH at which the layers were deposited. Chondrocyte culture was used to test the cell attachment, cell morphology, and cell viability on the PLLAs modified with gelatin multilayers. All these modified PLLAs exhibited dramatically improved cytocompatibility compared with the virgin PLLA, and even better performance than that of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The best cell compatibility was observed for the gelatin multilayers assembled at pH = 5. These results indicate that the cell compatibility of biodegradable polyesters can be effectively and facilely improved by assembly of gelatin multilayers, and the performance can be controlled by adjusting the solution pH at which the multilayers are deposited. This may help the design and fabrication of better scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Unique Homo-Crystallization and Melting Behavior of Poly(L-lactic acid): Influence of Stereocomplex with Varied Structure

Homo-crystallization and melting behavior of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) (≤10 wt.%) was studied. The different thermal history had been applied to exert structural variation on stereocomplex (SC). The PLLA/PDLA blend showed different crystallization and melting behavior when cooled from 250°C or 200°C. Double melting peaks were observed after the blend was cooled from 250°C. SC annealing at different temperatures exhibited significant effect for melt-crystallization of PLLA. Influence of initial melting condition before cooling was also investigated. The cold crystallization of amorphous blend initially was studied and some novel results had been observed.     

聚乳酸的成型加工及其降解性能

研究了可生物降解材料－－聚乳酸（PLLA）的流变性能、纺丝成型性能及降解性能,发现PLLA熔体为切力变稀流体,非牛顿指数n=0.93,具有良好的挤出成型性能。同时,通过PLLA纤维和薄膜在不同环境中的降解实验,表明聚乳酸是一种良好的生物降解医用材料和环保塑料。     

环氧扩链端羧基乳酸预聚物

L-乳酸先熔融缩聚成乳酸预聚物,再以丁二酸酐封端,最后以环氧树脂AG80进行扩链.采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪与热重分析仪对扩链产物进行结构性能表征.探讨丁二酸酐用量、扩链剂用量、催化剂类型与用量、反应条件对扩链反应的影响.结果表明:丁二酸酐用量2.5％,环氧基团/羧基摩尔比1.5:1,催化剂为2-甲基咪唑,催化剂用量1.5％,在160℃下反应10 min时,扩链后聚乳酸粘均分子量达到145600.     

Unique Crystallization Behavior of Poly(L-lactic acid) Nucleated by Stereocomplex with Different Fine Structure

Effect of the addition of poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) as stereocomplex (SC) on crystallization behavior of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) had been systemically investigated. The result indicated that the inclusion of PDLA with higher MW into PLLA exhibited lower t _1/2 and showed accelerated crystallization behavior. Meanwhile, SC formed in blends with higher MW of PDLA exhibited enhanced nucleation activity. In combination with both DSC and WAXD analysis, it was believed that nucleation process was more related to the crystalline size of SC. The result in this study would provide guidance for the application of SC as nucleating agent for the PLA-based products.     

低相对分子质量聚乳酸及其与壳聚糖的共混为载体的药物控释研究

以两种低黏均相对分子质量(Mη=3 595和10 306)聚乳酸及其与壳聚糖按5∶1,10∶1,20∶1,40∶1质量比共混为载体,用熔融法制备了吡虫啉控释制剂;用体外实验测定了制剂中吡虫啉的释放动力学;通过测定释放过程中释放介质水的pH,初步考察了基体的降解性能;通过测定释放实验结束时制剂残留质量,考察了基体的溶蚀性能,初步探讨了释放机理。结果表明,低相对分子质量聚乳酸及其与壳聚糖共混材料为载体,可以用于吡虫啉的控制释放,呈现扩散和溶蚀共同控制的缓慢释放,和溶蚀控制的快速释放两阶段释放规律。提高聚乳酸的相对分子质量可以减缓吡虫啉的释放,使释放特征发生从初期的快速释放和后期的缓慢释放,到初期缓慢释放和随后的快速持续释放的转变。降低聚乳酸相对分子质量或在基体中加入壳聚糖,可加大基体的溶蚀,使溶蚀控制的吡虫啉快速释放阶段提前。在Mη=10 306的聚乳酸中加入不同质量比的壳聚糖,可使释放介质水的pH约为中性,在117-336 h内调节快速释放开始时间,在228-445 h内调节释药中值时间。这种聚乳酸/壳聚糖共混载体可望在多功能型种子处理控释制剂上获得应用。     

Experimental investigation on the properties of poly (L-lactic acid) vascular stent after accelerated in vitro degradation

Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) vascular stents are promising to be used to treat vascular stenosis. However, the degradation of these implanted stents has a great influence on the mechanical properties. In this work, we studied the factors that can influence the mechanical properties by accelerating the degradation of PLLA stents with crimping and expansion in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 70°C. The typical influence factors such as the real-time weight-average molecular weight (M_w), crystallinity, surface morphologies, and mass loss of these samples were analyzed in detail. Results showed that radial strength of the stents increased from 877 to 1204 mmHg after accelerated degradation for 2 days and then decreased to almost 0 mmHg after 10 days. Meanwhile, radial stiffness showed an upward trend which is caused by the decrease in M_w, increase in crystallinity and local damage during the crimping and expansion process. Moreover, negligible mass loss of stents was observed in this period and the bulk degradation behavior predominated in the whole process.     

In vitro degradation of poly(L-lactic acid) fibers produced by melt spinning

In vitro degradation of poly(L -lactic acid) fibers was investigated for a period of 16 weeks in Ringer solution at 37°C. Two sets of fibers, with similar initial mechanical properties, molar mass, and crystallinity content, but markedly different in diameter (72 and 120 μm) were studied. Viscometric molar mass decreased during the immersion time at a faster rate for the thinner fibers compared to the thicker ones. As a consequence, the fiber mechanical properties changed; the elastic modulus was only slightly affected by the molar mass decrease whereas ultimate mechanical properties (stress and strain at break) showed a strong decrease. A quantitative correlation between tensile strength and viscometric-average molar mass was attempted. A possible explanation of the faster degradation rate of the thinner fibers was proposed on the basis of the higher surface/volume ratio and water uptake. Dynamic mechanical properties were also measured as a function of immersion time. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 213–223, 1997     

静电纺丝法纺制聚乳酸纳米纤维无纺毡

采用静电纺丝法制备了生物降解聚乳酸(PLLA)纳米纤维无纺毡。分析了纺丝液浓度、电压、接收距离、挤出速度等因素对纤维形态的影响。结果表明:纺丝液的浓度和挤出速度对纤维直径的影响较为明显,溶液挤出速度增大,所得纤维微孔含量及尺寸也增大;适当的电压和接收距离有利于收集无液滴纤维;随着纤维直径的减小,无纺毡的孔径呈减小趋势。在PLLA质量分数为5．7％、挤出速度0．8 mL／h、接受距离 15．5 cm、电压8 kV的静电纺丝条件下,可制备纤维直径为200-400 nm的PLLA纳米纤维无纺毡。     

聚乳酸多孔微球的制备及其表征

以聚乳酸（PLLA）/四氢呋喃（THF）为淬火溶液,无其他添加剂条件下,通过低温淬火、萃取、洗涤和干燥得到直径为30.92μm±1.55μm的PLLA多孔微球,多孔微球由直径为0.34μm±0.06μm向外辐射的纤维组成。偏光显微镜表明多孔微球为球晶结构。XRD结果表明,多孔微球属于α晶型,晶粒尺寸大小为17.25nm。DSC结果表明,PLLA多孔微球的结晶度为36.05%。与熔融挤出造粒得到PLLA原料（结晶度小于10%）相比,低温淬火得到的多孔微球的结晶度大大提高。N₂吸附-脱附结果分析表明,多孔微球的平均孔径和孔体积分别为42.92nm和0.1135cm³/g,大部分为大孔和介孔结构,比表面积和孔隙率分别为14.18cm²/g和93.15%。采用等温DSC模拟低温淬火过程研究了PLLA在THF溶液中结晶动力学,利用Avrami方程得到Avrami指数n平均值为2.29,说明PLLA在THF溶液中为异相成核和三维生长。     

Kinetics of crystal nucleation of poly(L-lactic acid)

The kinetics of crystal nucleation of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) has been analyzed by fast scanning chip calorimetry in a wide temperature range between 313 and 383 K, that is, between temperatures about 30 K below and 40 K above the glass transition temperature. The relaxed melt was rapidly cooled to the analysis temperature and subsequently aged between 10⁻¹ and 10⁴ s, to permit formation of nuclei. The number of formed crystal nuclei has been probed by analysis of the crystallization rate at 393 K. The nucleation rate is maximal at 370–375 K and decreases monotonously with decreasing temperature in the analyzed temperature range. The observation of a monomodal dependence of the nucleation rate on temperature points to predominance of a single nucleation mechanism in the analyzed temperature range, regardless nucleation occurs in the glassy or devitrified amorphous phase. The collected data suggest that nuclei formation at ambient temperature requires a waiting time longer than about 10⁸ s. The performed study is considered as a quantitative completion of nucleation-rate data available for PLLA only at temperatures higher than 360 K, suggesting that the nucleation mechanism is independent on temperature in the analyzed temperature range between 313 and 383 K.     

聚乳酸/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以纳米二氧化钛对聚L-乳酸进行共混改性，并对所得PLLA/TiO2复合材料的结构与性能进行了分析表征。实验结果表明，所得复合材料处于无定型态，退火处理后结晶，TiO2不改变PLLA基体结晶的α晶型，但结晶衍射峰强度随TiO2添加量增加而减弱。TiO2对PLLA基体的结晶性能和熔融行为影响较小，表明TiO2对PLLA的异相成核作用有限。