Thermal Properties and Flammability of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Montmorillonite/Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Flame Retardants

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/montmorillonite (MMT) composite was blended with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the EVA/MMT composite are in support of an intercalated with partially delaminated nanocomposite. The tensile strength of the nanocomposite is about 20% higher than that without layered silicates, MMT. Furthermore, the incorporation of MMT into polymer blend delays the main thermo-oxidative degradation. Cone calorimeter test points out that the addition of layered silicates into the pristine EVA/LLDPE blend or the blend with a low smoke non-halogen (LSNH) fire retardants, aluminum trihydroxide, and antimony trioxide, can reduce the maximum heat release rate by 30–40%. The smoke suppressing effect of layered silicates is only observed in the nanocomposite containing flame retardants. According to the limiting oxygen index (LOI) data and cone calorimeter test, the addition of the nanodispersed layered silicate and LSNH flame retardants to the EVA/LLDPE exhibits a synergistic effect on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression.     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物对茂金属聚乙烯的改性研究

以添加不同比例的茂金属聚乙烯 (mLLDPE) /乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯 (EVA)共混物为研究对象 ,考察了EVA含量对mLLDPE/EVA共混物的力学性能、热性能、流变性能、动态力学性能和形态结构的影响。研究结果表明 ,EVA添加到mLLDPE中 ,增加了mLLDPE的剪切敏感度、降低了mLLDPE的熔融粘度、改善了mLLDPE的流动性和加工性 ;在一定的添加比例范围内mLLDPE和EVA具有很好的相容性 ,可以在改善mLLDPE加工性能、引入极性基团的同时又保持与纯mLLDPE相近的力学性能 ,但会导致共混物材料的刚性下降 ,柔性增加。热分析数据说明 ,mLLDPE/EVA共混体系中 ,在EVA含量较小时共混物存在大量共晶 ,与mLLDPE有很好的相容性 ,无论是熔融曲线还是降温曲线都只出现一个峰。当EVA含量增大时 ,mLLDPE/EVA共混物出现相分离 ,曲线出现双峰 ,但两峰值呈现靠近趋势 ,预示mLLDPE/EVA共混物中仍存在少量共结晶     

Morphology and Properties of Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposite Drawn Fibers

The influence of an elongational flow on the morphology of PE/clay nanocomposite drawn fibers was studied. An increase of the elastic modulus and the tensile strength as well as a decrease of the elongation at break are observed with increasing draw ratio. The applied elongational gradient orients the polymer chains and the clay particles along the spinning direction. When the applied flow results in the formation and the orientation of exfoliated nanoparticles, a pronounced increase of the mechanical properties is observed. The dispersed clay particles can be broken and oriented by the extensional flow, which might indicate a flow‐induced intercalated/exfoliated morphology transition.

     

Influence of Filler Precoating and Printing Parameter on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Zinc Oxide Composite

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/zinc oxide(ZnO) composites have been fabricated via fused deposition modelling technique. The effect of filler precoating and printing parameters on mechanical properties of the composites are investigated. The incorporation of precoated fillers and increase of infill density improve the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and hardness of the composites. Printing pattern determines mainly the tensile properties of the composites but has no significant effect on the hardness. Based on experimental results, it is suggested that line pattern printed with precoated fillers at medium dispenser speed and 100% infill density has resulted improved mechanical properties.     

On the Melt Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Nanoclay-Filled Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (PE/EVA) Blend

Correlation of rheological response with microstructure and also the tensile mechanical properties of nanoclay-filled polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blends were studied. From transmission electron microscopy observations, the same clay localization within polyethylene- and ethylene vinyl acetate-rich blends was revealed. However, a better clay dispersion in the ethylene vinyl acetate-rich blend was found by analyzing the changes in the linear viscoelastic rheological properties discussed by the fractional Zener model and the power law expression. The clay influences on the tensile properties of polyethylene- and ethylene vinyl acetate-rich blends were in good agreement with its microstructure, implied by the rheological studies.     

线性双峰聚乙烯／低密度聚乙烯共混物的流变行为与力学性能

研究了线性双峰聚乙烯（LBPE）与低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）共混物溶体的流变行为，讨论了共混物的组成，剪切应力和剪切速率以及温度对熔体流变行为，熔体粘度的影响，测定了不同配比熔体的非牛顿指数（n)，熔体流动速率（MFR）及力学性能，为双峰聚乙烯的加工和使用提供了理论依据。     

有机硅氧烷改性醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液的合成与性能

采用种子乳液聚合,引入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A-171),以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DSB)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(20)醚(OP-10)作复合乳化剂,以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,在反应温度为78±2℃条件下,合成了A-171改性醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液。实验采用单体滴加工艺,考察了配方中丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和A-171用量对共聚物性能和乳液聚合过程的影响,并用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、粒度仪和差示量热扫描仪(DSC)对共聚物的结构及性能进行了表征。结果表明,引入w(BA)=10%~15%(相对于配方中单体总质量,下同)、w(MAA)=4%、w(A-171)=1%到VAc-丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液中,共聚物乳液涂膜的吸水率<5.0%,耐寒性通过10个循环,60℃加速贮存稳定性>100 d。     

纳米聚丙烯管材专用料技术性能分析

用X射线衍射分析,扫描电镜分析,流变性能分析和力学性能测试,分析了纳米聚丙烯管材专用料的技术性能     

线性低密度聚乙烯与硅灰石共混改性聚丙烯研究

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/硅灰石复合材料。主要研究了硅灰石、LLDPE对PP力学性能的影响。结果表明:当PP/LLDPE/硅灰石质量比为80/20/30时,改性后产品的室温冲击强度达到了纯PP的3.53倍,低温冲击强度是纯PP的8.83倍。改性后的PP内部结构紧密,混合均匀,且热变形温度影响不大。     

PET／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其性能研究

将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵／聚乙二醇混合物处理的蒙脱土与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在哈克流变仪上进行熔融复合，制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。X射线衍射以及透射电镜分析表明，蒙脱土层间距明显增大，部分剥离并分散于PET基体中。对其力学性能和热性能的分析发现，当有机化蒙脱土用量为5％(质量含量，下同)时，材料的热变形温度及弯曲模量分别达到154℃和3．335GPa。     

Improvement of the Photostability of Low-Density Polyethylene and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Blends with Nanoclay: Toward Durable Nanocomposites for Potential Application in Greenhouse Cover Films

The effect of three different organomodified nanoclays (Cloisite 20A, Cloisite 30B, and Nanomer I28E) as well as the effect of a compatibilizer (PEgMA) was studied, with the purpose of developing greenhouse cover films based on polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blends. Three organomodified clays were analyzed. The influence of organomodifier clay on film optical, morphology, mechanical, and photo-oxidative degradation properties as well as the effect of incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene as a compatibilizer was studied. The combined effect of these nanoclays with two different UV-oxidative protection systems for polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate-nanostructured films was evaluated. Two types of UV stabilizer combination systems were studied; one with a combination of heat and light stabilizers of mixture of antioxidants (phenolic and metal deactivator, Irgatec NC66) with hindered amines, Tinuvin 494AR (designated as system-A) and other with a combination of metal deactivator antioxidant, Irganox MD1024 with hindered amines Tinuvin NOR 371 and benzophenones, Chimasorb 81 (designated as system-B). A strong influence is observed in the use of compatibilizing agent, type, and content of nanoclay in the degree of dispersion as well as in the photo-oxidation behavior. The structure obtained is very dependent on the modified clay used; mostly, intercalated–exfoliated clay structure is produced. The induction period for the photodegradation reaction to start is shorter in the samples with the nanoclay than in the pure polymer. There was a difference in the effectiveness of two stabilizing systems used. It was found a better performance for the stabilizer system-A, regardless of the type of clay used. These greenhouse cover films should allow the pass-through of visible light into the greenhouse during day but restrict the pass-through of the infrared radiation out of the greenhouse during night.     

Preparation and Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Organoclay/Compatibilizer Nanocomposites: Effects of Organoclay Loading and Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/organoclay/compatibilizer nanocomposites were produced using a melt compounding technique in an internal mixer, Haake Rheometer, at 120°C and 50 rpm rotor speed. Effects of organoclay loading (from 2 to 10 phr—parts per hundred of resin and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), used as a compatibilizer, on the processing properties, tensile properties, morphology, thermal degradation, and water absorption behavior of EVA/organoclay nanocomposites were studied. Results indicate that the presence of organoclay increase the processing torque, tensile properties, thermal degradation, and resistance to water absorption. The optimum organoclay loading was achieved at 2 phr. This was caused by the dispersion state of individual silicate layers (intercalation/exfoliation) in EVA matrix. The intercalation/exfoliation structure affects the properties of EVA/organoclay nanocomposites as evidenced from the morphology studies such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluation. The addition of MEK has the ability to improve the tensile properties, thermal degradation, and slightly reduces the resistance of water permeation of EVA/organoclay nanocomposites. The enhanced properties were seen as a result of the better matrix and filler interaction. The EVA/organoclay/MEK nanocomposites shows better intercalation/exfoliation of individual silicate layers in the EVA matrix as indicated by TEM. Moreover, the XRD evaluation shows that intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay was formed in the EVA matrix.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

研究了聚酯(PET)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料的制备方法,测试了复合材料的各种性能。结果发现酯化时间和缩聚时间均随MMT加入量的增加而缩短;PET/MMT纳米复合材料的特性粘度则随MMT添加量的增加而减小;与纯PET相比,PET/MMT纳米复合材料的冷结晶温度tcc变化不大,热结晶温度tmc有较大提高;PET/MMT纳米复合材料比PET有更快的结晶速度;TG测试表明PET/MMT有更好的热稳定性;PET/MMT纳米复合材料和PET均为假塑性流体。     

聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物/碳酸钙复合材料的性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物/碳酸钙（PLA/EVA/CaCO3）复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试和热变形温度测试等手段,研究了EVA和CaCO3对复合材料的结晶性能、断面形貌、力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,EVA 具有增韧作用,但降低了复合材料的强度和耐热性;而CaCO3可以提高复合材料的强度、韧性、结晶性能和耐热性能;CaCO3与EVA的加入对PLA有协同增韧作用,且不改变PLA的晶型;当PLA/EVA=90/10,加入10 %（质量分数,下同）的CaCO3时,复合材料有最佳的综合性能。     

Morphological and Impact Properties of Thermo-oxidative Degraded Polypropylene/Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Blend Systems

Thermo-oxidative degradation of the blends of polypropylene (PP) with metallocene linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE), has been examined. The samples were exposed in the air-oven for a period of 120 days at 150°C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM) were used for the study of morphology and the measurement of impact properties, to assess the embrittlement of the blend systems. In case of PP, surface cracks appeared spontaneously after 30 days of thermal aging. However, it has been observed that thermal stability of PP has significantly improved by blending it with mLLDPE even after 120 days of thermal aging. Similarly impact strength of PP has shown deterioration after 30 days while there is not much reduction in impact strength in case of PP/mLLDPE blends. The presence of stabilizer in both materials has not shown much difference in impact strength and morphology. Therefore the stabilizer ratio can be optimized vis-à-vis appropriate PP/mLLDPE blend composition.     

具有核壳结构有机硅改性醋丙乳液的制备及其性能

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,以聚合性乳化剂SVS制备核壳结构有机硅改性醋丙乳液,通过红外光谱和DSC表征乳胶粒化学组成和玻璃化温度。考察聚合性乳化剂SVS与有机硅单体用量对乳液聚合稳定性和制备乳液耐水性能的影响。DSC测试结果表明乳胶粒具有核壳结构;在SVS用量为2.5%（wt）,有机硅单体用量为3.0%（wt）时,乳液稳定性和乳胶膜的耐水性能较好。     

有机蒙脱土改性PC/ABS合金材料的力学性能研究

以有机蒙脱土、相容剂为改性材料,采用熔融插层法制备了有机蒙脱土/聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)复合材料,研究了增容剂用量、有机蒙脱土用量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:相容剂和有机蒙脱土的加入不仅使PC/ABS合金材料的韧性显著增加,而且其刚性也有所增强。     

苯基硅氧烷改性醋丙乳液涂料的合成与性能研究

为改善醋丙建筑涂料的耐水、耐热和耐老化性,以聚硅氧烷乳液为种子,并与醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸酯类单体聚合,合成了稳定且性能优良的聚硅氧烷/聚醋丙复合乳液。研究了该体系聚合的动力学特征,并用FTIR、DMA对其进行了表征。结果表明,该乳液共聚的表观活化能为76.0 kJ.mol-1;聚合速率随乳化剂与引发剂浓度和反应温度提高而加速,RP=kCE0.48C10.71;硅氧烷的加入使涂膜的玻璃化转变温度升高。     

ABS/PVC/P83三元共混物组成与性能的研究

系统研究了ABS/PVC/P83三元合金的组成与各项性能之间的关系。研究结果表明,随着PVC、TOTM、P83及EBA含量的调整,ABS/PVC/P83合金的各项性能也发生很大的变化     

熔融插层法制备聚丙烯／粘土复合材料及性能研究-I增容剂对聚丙烯／粘土复合材料力学性能的影响

通过添加不同含量的粘土制备了三个不同类型（PP／DK1,PP／PPMA／DK1,PP／PPMA＋DK1）纳米粘七／聚丙烯复合材料。使用力学性能测试对实验样品进行力学性能分析,结果表明：相对于纯聚丙烯,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率随着粘土含量的增加呈先增加后下降趋势;而随着PPMA量的增加,基体的总体性能都呈现下降的趋势。