砂尘风洞试验中粒子系统的OpenGL喷砂模拟

结合砂尘环境风洞试验中砂尘粒子的运动特性,在传统粒子系统模型的基础上进行了改进,利用面向对象的思想设计了砂尘粒子的计算机语言描述形式,采用图形工业标准OpenGL的双缓冲技术实现了计算机模拟的喷砂动画.使模拟的喷砂效果在砂尘运动轨迹和表现形式上都能更好地符合风道及管路中的实际情况.并利用COM技术对代码进行封装后加入了监控主程序,增强了监控软件中工业系统流程的可视性,提高了程序中动画显示的维护性和便捷性,取得了较好的效果,对类似问题具有借鉴意义.     

模糊PID控制在抑尘剂溶液自动配比系统中的应用

针对传统的人工地面配液法或基于配液阀的手控配液法存在的配液精确度低、难以满足抑尘剂浓度实时变化要求的问题,介绍了一种抑尘剂溶液自动配比系统的工作原理,重点阐述了模糊PID控制算法在该系统中的应用方案及实现过程。该系统根据检测到的粉尘浓度计算所需的抑尘剂溶液浓度,采用常规PID算法控制定目标浓度的溶液配比,采用模糊PID算法控制目标浓度实时变化的溶液配比。实验结果表明,与常规PID算法相比,模糊PID算法用于抑尘剂溶液自动配比时配液精确度更高,误差更小。     

加权多模型自适应控制在脱硝系统中的应用

针对火电厂变负荷运行时SCR脱硝系统出口NOx浓度波动较大的问题,采用加权多模型自适应控制(WMMAC)策略对出口NOx浓度进行控制,建立了能够覆盖不同负荷下被控对象动态特性的模型集。针对每个模型设计相应的PID控制器,给出计算各控制器控制作用权值的指标函数。在脱硝系统出口NOx浓度控制中,通过Matlab仿真,对比变负荷工况下单一PID控制策略和WMMAC控制策略的控制效果,验证了采用WMMAC控制策略能有效提高系统的动态品质。     

双系统动态同步PID参数优化的模拟退火算法

PID控制是目前广泛应用于工业生产各个领域的控制方法.传统的PID参数整定方法,在解决双系统动态同步PID参数优化问题上遇到了很大的困难.将模拟退火算法应用于双系统动态同步PID参数优化的问题上,使用MATLAB工具对两个典型的二阶系统动态同步PID参数优化进行了仿真试验,两个系统的动态同步性能得到了明显的改善.此方法应用于机车定置试验台的同步控制中,取得了比较好的控制效果.仿真试验和实际应用都表明,模拟退火算法对解决双系统动态同步PID参数优化的问题是有效的,具有很强的实用价值.     

基于智能竞标的自适应轨压控制算法

设计了一种应用于高压共轨柴油发动机的轨压控制算法;算法采用组合竞拍机制以解决复合工况下的轨压扰动问题,并设计了一种分段动态标定算法以解决传统PID标定算法计算效率低的问题,此外算法针对柴油发动机特性对PID控制器进行了多项改进以提高算法响应速度和跟随性;最后通过仿真实验对算法进行了验证,实验结果证明本算法对输入转速信号及喷油期望值具有良好的跟随性和响应速度,并且轨压控制较为平稳,其波动幅度不超过1％,基本符合高压共轨柴油发动机正常工作的需要.     

遗传算法在跨超声速风洞总压控制中的应用

总压作为风洞控制中的重要流场参数,其调节性能是风洞控制系统能否满足试验要求的重要指标,为提高跨超声速风洞的总压控制水平,需对总压控制策略进行设计。针对某跨超声速风洞对总压控制系统提出的快速性和精确性要求,提出串级控制、智能PID控制和总压分段控制等方法,并利用MATLAB系统辨识工具箱对流场调节阶段的总压系统模型进行了辨识。提出将遗传算法应用于风洞流场调节阶段的PID控制器参数整定中,重点对基于遗传算法的PID控制原理和参数整定步骤进行介绍,并针对遗传算法的遗传算子进行了设计。系统仿真和风洞实际运行情况表明：该方法较常规PID参数整定与优化方法,具有更好的控制性能指标,满足总压控制系统精确性、快速性、鲁棒性等要求,为后续风洞建设和设备改造提供了新方法。     

搜寻者优化算法与卡尔曼滤波相结合的PID控制

针对传统PID控制器的参数整定依靠经验调整,且在控制过程中,系统易受多种噪声影响的问题,提出搜寻者优化算法与卡尔曼滤波相结合的PID控制方法。利用搜寻者优化算法对PID参数进行智能优化,利用卡尔曼滤波器实现对控制噪声和测量噪声的有效抑制。对二阶延迟系统进行仿真试验,结果表明,与传统PID控制方法相比,该方法可以智能地获得较优的PID参数,有效剔除了控制过程中的噪声干扰,实现了调节速度快、稳态误差低、抗干扰能力强的智能PID控制。     

基于SSA-模糊PID的AUV姿态控制研究

针对AUV高精度、高稳定性姿态控制的提升需求,提出一种结合麻雀算法(SSA)和模糊PID控制的姿态控制器。采用麻雀算法对模糊PID控制器参数进行优化,并将寻优后模型用于算法的反馈补偿,有效解决了模糊PID控制过度依赖经验,难以应对水下复杂工况的问题。仿真结果表明,SSA-模糊PID控制器在AUV姿态调节中表现出较传统模糊PID控制器更好的响应速度和抗干扰能力,有效改善了AUV姿态控制性能。经实际应用验证,控制器在复杂工况下可快速收敛至期望姿态并维持稳定。     

基于灰预测的PID主动队列管理算法

提出一种基于灰色预测的智能 PID(GI-PID)主动队列管理(AQM)算法,该算法采用 GM(1,1)模型在线预测路由器队列长度,补偿滞后以解决网络状况反馈不及时的问题;同时根据队列误差的变化趋势,应用专家经验动态改变 PID 控制器的参数,使参数实时地随着网络环境变化而调整,实现智能控制.仿真试验表明,GI-PID 算法相比传统 PID 算法大幅度地抑制了队列长度的振荡,路由器队列收敛于期望值,同时具有较小的分组丢弃概率.     

叶栅风洞控制方法分析与实现

为解决叶栅风洞气罐容量小气源压力下降快给流场控制带来的难题,采用动态变参数和积分分离PID控制算法实现了叶栅风洞流场快速稳定和目标压力高精度控制目的;以调压阀后压力为控制点,采用叶栅入口压力误差值对控制点压力进行修正的方法,解决了常压和增压试验中控制滞后问题;变参数PID控制和选用具有确定对应关系控制点并对实际误差进行修正的方法,对小型暂冲风洞高精度压力控制和滞后问题的解决具有一定借鉴意义。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。