气泡液膜法制备Ni_(0.7)Zn_(0.3)Fe_2O_4铁氧体的前驱体纳米粒子

采用新颖的气泡液膜法,将Zn2+、Ni2+和Fe3+与OH-的共沉淀反应在气泡液膜中完成,制备了Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体前驱体纳米粒子,经元素分析、FT-IR、XRD和SEM等表征。实验结果表明,前驱体较精确地保持了原料溶液中Zn2+、Ni2+和Fe3+的配料摩尔比。前驱体分别经300、400、500、600、700或800℃烧结,制得Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体,用XRD和VSM表征。结果表明,在700℃烧结制得的Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体的粒径为26.92nm,磁饱和磁化强度sσ=64.22A.m2/kg,剩余磁化强度rσ=14.25A.m2/kg,内秉矫顽力jHc=16kA/m。将这种Ni-Zn铁氧体分散到合成油中,制成耐高温磁性液体。     

Ni_(1-X)Zn_XFe_2O_4铁氧体纳米粉末在GHz波段的吸波性能

利用溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧反应制备了Ni1-XZnXFe2O4(x=0.5,0.65和0.8)铁氧体纳米粉末,将粉末分别在室温、550、800和1050℃下退火2小时,研究了退火样品的晶体结构及其在0.1~1.5GHz波段的电磁性质。实验表明,选择合适的退火温度和适当的Zn2+掺杂量有助于提高纳米Ni-Zn铁氧体粉末的复介电常数和复磁导率,改善其阻抗匹配性,提高其吸波性能;而随着退火温度的升高,Zn2+掺杂量过多的样品的介电损耗虽略有增加,但磁损耗却随之减小,且试样的饱和磁化强度、剩磁及矫顽力均大幅下降。     

参杂尖晶石型镍基铁氧体的磁性能与介电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了立方晶系尖晶石型镍基铁氧体微粉Ni0.5M0.5Fe2O4（M=Zn、Mn、Cu）,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪对粉末的结构、形貌、磁性以及电磁性能进行了表征,结果表明,三种粉末在室温下具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度MS分别为76．0、59．4和54．4emu·g-1。在2—11GHz范围内,Ni0.5M0.5Fe2O4的电磁损耗角正切值tgδ随频率的增大而逐渐减小;Ni0.5M0.5Fe2O4和 Ni0.5M0.5Fe2O4的tgδ随频率的增大先增大后减小。     

溶胶凝胶法合成镍铜锌铁氧体纳米晶磁性研究

用溶胶-凝胶制备了系列Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4铁氧体微粉.借助于TG-DTA、XRD、SEM、VSM技术,对干凝胶的热分解过程、产物的物相、微观结构和磁性能进行研究.结果表明,Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4铁氧体微粉经800℃烧结后可以转变成尖晶石相.磁滞回线表明,Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4在低温和室温都出现了交换偏置场,这可以用纳米晶的表面的掺杂和结构缺陷导致表面原子的磁结构自旋无序来解释.     

低温烧结NiCuZn铁氧体的微结构和磁性能研究

采用固相法制备了Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4铁氧体,在850℃进行预烧结,通过添加不同量的Bi2O3-HBO3-ZnO(BBZ)助熔剂,在不同温度烧结成型。研究了烧结温度和BBZ添加量对NiCuZn铁氧体材料微观结构和磁性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM、VSM和磁谱分析,结果表明,BBZ的加入起到了良好的低温烧结作用,在不同的烧结温度下性能呈现一定的规律。加入2%(质量分数)BBZ、950℃烧结的NiCuZn铁氧体晶粒生长较均匀,饱和磁化强度为51.9emu/g,起始磁导率μ′=349.9,磁谱损耗角正切值tanδ在0.02左右。     

Bi2O3掺量对Li0.45Ni0.2Ti0.1Fe2.25O4铁氧体显微结构及磁性能的影响

采用氧化物法陶瓷工艺,在缺铁配方的基础上,制备不同Bi2O3掺量的Li0.45Ni0.2Ti0.1Fe2.25-δO4(δ=0.06)铁氧体样品。结果表明,添加Bi2O3没有在锂铁氧体中形成杂相,烧结后陶瓷样品物相组成单一,结晶状况良好;适量的Bi2O3能有效改善材料微观形貌,促进锂铁氧体的烧结致密化,有助于提高材料的饱和磁化强度4πMs和剩磁比R,降低矫顽力Hc。Bi2O3掺量为1.5%(质量分数)的样品具有较好的综合性能,表观密度d为4.72g/cm3,饱和磁化强度4πMs为2.3T,剩磁比R为0.853,矫顽力Hc为2.3×102 A/m。     

Co含量对Zn0.6CoxFe2.4-xO4结构与磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备纳米尺度钴锌铁氧体Zn0.6CoxFe2.4-xO4(x=0～0.30)颗粒,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析晶体结构和相变过程,利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对其磁性进行测量和分析.实验结果表明,钴锌铁氧体Zn0.6Co0.15Fe2.25O4在800℃时生成单一尖晶石相锌钴铁氧体,在550～800℃温度区间出现R-Fe2O3过渡相.随钴含量的增加,Zn0.6CoxFe2.4-xO4的比饱和磁化强度先增后减,x=0.075～0.15比饱和磁化强度较高;Zn0.6CoxFe2.4-xO4在1300℃时x=0.075的矫顽力为47163.6A/m,x≥0.15时矫顽力在1200℃附近随温度缓慢上升,在1200～1300℃之间为平台状态,并且随钴含量的增加,矫顽力略有升高.在x=0.10附近,可同时获得较高的比饱和磁化强度和较高的矫顽力.     

Sol-gel法制备NiZnCu铁氧体性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备了Ni0.4Zn0.4Cu0.2Fe2O4铁氧体,使用HP4191A阻抗分析仪测试了材料高频磁谱;结合快速热处理(RTP)工艺制备了Ni0.4Zn0.4Cu0.2Fe2O4磁性薄膜,使用AFM、XRD、AGM系统地研究了制备工艺对薄膜样品表面形貌、晶相结构和准静态磁性的影响。测试结果表明:Ni0.4Zn0.4Cu0.2Fe2O4可适用于射频领域,截止频率fr在1GHz以上,1GHz处起始磁导率μ′=5.3,μ″=3.45;sol-gel法制备磁性薄膜最佳晶化温度为600℃左右,在此温度下制备的薄膜晶粒大小为13nm左右,饱和磁化强度Ms=2.29×105A/m,矫顽力Hc=1.24×103A/m。     

反应物量对燃烧合成Ni-Zn铁氧体粉的影响

为探讨燃烧合成法制备Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4粉末工业化放大合成的可行性,研究不同反应物量对燃烧合成制备的Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4粉体及烧结后产物的物相、微观形貌及磁性能的影响,对终产物进行XRD、SEM和EDS分析,对样品经行磁性能测试.结果表明:Fe-Fe2O3-Zn O-Ni O体系燃烧合成过程是以扩散-溶解-析出机制进行的,燃烧反应在非平衡条件下进行,燃烧产物的主要物相为Ni-Zn铁氧体,其中存在Zn O及一些铁的氧化物的杂质,产物经热处理后物相全部转变为尖晶石结构;随着反应物量的增加,产物颗粒尺寸增大,均匀度增加,反应物量的增加对产物的磁性能影响不大;随着反应物量的增加,饱和磁化强度逐渐增加,矫顽力基本不变,反应物量为1 500 g时制备的产品磁性能最佳,具有较高的饱和磁化强度Ms=63.72 emu/g和较低的矫顽力Hc=15.61 Oe.     

气泡液膜法-水热法制备Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4磁性材料

首先采用气泡液膜法制备以Fe(OH)3、Ni(OH)2、Zn(OH)2组成的Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4纳米前驱体,然后在高压水热条件下进行水热处理,制备出Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4纳米粉体.X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析表明,Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4纳米粉体不含有杂相,晶粒度约为16nm.用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量其磁滞回线,结果表明,Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4纳米粉体有较高的饱和磁化强度(87.56A·m2/kg),较小剩磁(14.35A·m2/kg),具有较好的应用前景.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.