高效液相色谱进展（二）——微柱液相色谱近年的发展

微柱液相色谱近年受到人们的重视,在生物技术和新药开发中得到广泛的应用。本文综述了微柱液相色谱最近几年的发展,对其发生、发展和优缺点作了简要的叙述。本文将微柱和常规液相色谱进行了比较。对微径和毛细管色谱柱的制备、微柱液相色谱仪、微柱液相色谱和其他仪器的联用技术以及微柱液相色谱的应用予以阐述。     

高效液相色谱进展（三）——整体色谱柱近年的发展

整体色谱柱在微柱液相色谱和毛细管柱电色谱中的应用，近年受到人们高度重视，因为它在生物大分子和有关领域中有潜在的应用前景。本文综述了整体色谱柱最近几年的发展，对其发生、发展和优缺点以及整体色谱的制备方法和应用作了简要的叙述。     

微型电动色谱系统的设计

研制了一种全新的自动微型电动色谱系统,系统采用模块化设计,可以灵敏组合,完成毛细管电色谱,毛细管电泳,微柱液相色谱三种模式的分离分析,特别是实现了电压,流动相浓度双梯度的加压电色谱。系统流程路针对电色谱进行了专门设计,使用了一种无死体积的进样系统,并设计了适合加压毛细管电色谱梯度洗脱的分流器,仪器有较大的创新性和较高的实用价值。     

用于蛋白快速分离的1-mm内径的高效聚合物整体材料

多年来,整体技术已经成功地从概念阶段发展到表征良好且可重复的商用阶段。不同的整体柱化学材料,包括阴离子交换剂、阳离子交换剂和在ProSwift线性整体柱的反相功能基团,均可用于多种蛋白质的分离。与更大尺寸的色谱柱相比,1-mm内径的色谱柱在灵敏度提高和使用方便二者间达到了很好的协调。由于背压较小,这些整体柱可以在高动力学流速下运行,从而可以在标准的分析型色谱仪器上使用,而不需要微柱或者毛细管柱高效液相色谱系统。     

微柱液相色谱法同时检测食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸

通过自构建的微柱液相色谱系统上色谱条件的优化,建立了一种同时检测食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的新方法。食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸经提取后,6分钟内达到基线分离,与常规高效液相色谱法相比,分析时间缩短,流动相消耗减少。在1～25 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9999和0.9997。苯甲酸和山梨酸的回收率均在94.7%～103.1%之间,三次平行加标回收率测试,相对标准偏差分别为1.12%和1.29%。该方法稳定性好,回收率高,能快速、准确的检测食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸。     

温度对高效液相色谱分离性能的影响

对于高效液相色谱而言，温度是一个一直被忽视而又非常重要的因素。升高色谱分析的柱温，不仅可以加快分析速度，而且还可以提高分离效率、改善峰形、调节选择性、减少有机溶剂的使用，是一个非常有效而又十分经济适用的方法，与其它调节分离效果的方法相比，具有其独特的优势。文中综述了温度对高效液相色谱分离特征的影响，介绍了温度作为一个便捷的调节参数在高效液相色谱中的应用前景。     

高效液相色谱—付里叶变换红外光谱联用接口

近年来,高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外光谱联用技术受到分析工作者越来越多的注意,一些实验室正在致力于HPLC/FTIR接口的研究工作,有些接口已成功地应用于HPLC分离物质的红外检测和鉴定。HPLC/FTIR接口有两类,一类不去除溶剂,如直接流动池法,或者把水转化为挥发性溶剂;另一类则把溶剂去除后用漫反射法测定。目前主要工作集中在后一类能去除强吸收溶剂的接口,其中微柱HPLC/FTIR接口具有明显的优点。     

微型基板式液相色谱／电色谱系统研制成功

6月19日，中科院大连化物所关亚风研究员负责的国家基金委仪器专项“微型基板式液相色谱／电色谱系统的研制”顺利通过验收。以北京大学刘虎威教授为组长的验收评议专家组认为该项目研制的四通道基板式均温微型液相／电色谱系统，具有以下特点：     

微型基板式液相色谱／电色谱系统研制成功

中科院大连化物所关亚风研究员负责的国家基金委仪器专项“微型基板式液相色谱／电色谱系统的研制”顺利通过验收。以北京大学刘虎威教授为组长的验收评议专家组认为该项目研制的四通道基板式均温微型液相／电色谱系统，具有以下特点：     

高效液相色谱仪的研制与技术开发——新型二极管阵列检测器

介绍一种新型的高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器，该仪器采用光纤传导技术和全封闭光学系统，具有较高的光谱分辨率和检测灵敏度。采用虚拟设备驱动技术配合功能强大的数据处理系统可为用户提供色谱、光谱，三维谱图及色谱峰纯度等大量的信息。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.