基于FPGA的PCI总线仲裁器设计

利用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）设计PCI总线仲裁器,以适应各种不同要求的应用场合。遵循总线仲裁循环优先级算法原则．选用分布式仲裁结构．利用VHDL语言将PCI总线、总线仲裁器和功能模块进行联合优化设计．实现基于FPGA的PCI总线仲裁器。     

两级循环优先算法在PCI仲裁器上的实现

循环优先仲裁算法具有现实公平的特点,介绍了两级循环优先仲裁算法,并给出了该算法在PCI总线仲裁器上的实现方案。将PCI总线主设备分为优先权不同的四个层次,通过对各层次总线主设备的检测实现仲裁。由于采用了设备申请号寄存器组记录总线状态,避免了复杂状态机的设计,该方案可灵活应用于不同数量设备的PCI系统,具有很好的可扩展性。     

嵌入式系统中PCI总线仲裁器的设计与实现

描述了PCI总线仲裁的原理和仲裁算法,阐述了用可编程器件实现总线仲裁的具体方法,并实现了一个双主设备仲裁器。     

PCI总线仲裁器的设计及实现

本文简要介绍了PCI总线的仲裁机制,完成了PCI总线仲裁器核心的设计、实现.通过ModelSim进行了软件仿真,最后在XIUNX公司的FPGA上加以了验证.     

基于PCI总线的开放性接口设计

采用可编程逻辑器件CPLD,分四个模块--控制寄存器模块、PCI控制器状态机模块、SRAM控制器模块和仲裁器模块,分别完成通信并解析PCI总线、PCI状态的控制和翻转、负责SRAM接口数据的读写与数据交换、PCI设备的仲裁机制等来实现PCI接口,可连接各种PCI接口的现场通信卡,提高了系统的开放性.     

PCI总线仲裁逻辑及其在嵌入式设备中的应用

详细介绍了PCI总线仲裁逻辑的原理和仲裁算法,解释了总线的停靠和时序要求;阐述了用硬件描述语言设计仲裁逻辑的具体过程,给出了逻辑状态机和转换关系.     

用双端口RAM实现与PCI总线接口的数据通讯

采用双端口RAM实现DSP与PCI总线芯片之间的数据交换接口电路。提出了一种使用CPLD解决双端口RAM地址译码和PCI接口芯片局部总线仲裁的的硬件设计方案,并给出了PCI总线接口芯片寄存器配置实例,介绍了软件包WinDriver开发设备驱动程序的具体过程。     

基于WorldFIP的现场总线接口卡

介绍了WorldFIP现场总线与PCI总线接口卡的硬件设计方法。对PCI接口、存储器、通信、总线仲裁和时钟等模块的组成、原理作了说明，给出了接口卡的连接框图。     

PCI总线加权优先循环仲裁算法

文章介绍了在PCI系统结构中新的总线仲裁机制,提出了加权优先循环算法。该算法是基于优先算法和公平循环算法的访问策略,它的特点是避免了优先算法中高优先级的PCI主设备在重新请求访问总线时独占总线,同时也解决了公平循环算法中各主设备对总线访问的平均性问题,使得仲裁器可以根据不同设备的性能要求,分配不同设备不同加权因子,使高性能和高速度设备能及时访问总线,降低访问延迟时间。     

虚拟通道机制在PCI Express总线上的应用

介绍了虚拟通道机制在PCI Express总线上的应用。详细阐述了虚拟通道的概念、识别，虚拟通道和流量归类的映射对应关系以及虚拟通道的仲裁。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.