Effect of Zr on behavior of compressive creep in as cast ZA27 alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONAmongzinc aluminumcastalloy ,ZA2 7alloyex hibitsattractivephysicalandmechanicalpropertiescombinedwith goodfrictionandwearresistance ,makingitabearingalloyreplacementofsomecopperalloys[1,2 ] ,alsothisalloytendstobeusedwidely .Butsomepropertiesofthisalloywhichmustbetakenintoaccountarecomparativelylowresistancetocreepde formation ,poorstrengthatmoderatelyelevatedtem peratures[35] .Additionofsomemodifyingelements ,suchasZr ,Mn ,Li,canindeedimprovetensilestrengthofthealloyatroo…     

一种含Re单晶镍基合金的组织结构与蠕变性能

通过组织形貌观察及蠕变曲线测定,研究了一种含Re镍基单晶合金在高温的蠕变行为。结果表明,合金经完全热处理后的组织结构是立方γ′相以共格方式嵌镶在γ基体中。在试验的温度和应力范围内,与无Re合金相比较,含Re合金有较好的蠕变抗力及较长的蠕变寿命,并测算出合金在稳态期间的蠕变激活能与应力指数。通过分析位错攀移越过筏状γ′相及影响合金应变速率的因素,研究了合金在稳态蠕变期间的变形机制,其中,元素Re溶入γ基体后可有效阻碍位错运动,降低合金的应变速率,是使合金具有较低应变速率和较长蠕变寿命的主要原因。     

激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金纳米压痕蠕变研究

目的研究原始态和退火态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温压痕蠕变特性。方法利用光学显微镜观察原始态和退火态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的显微组织。基于纳米压痕技术结合恒载荷法,测量原始态和退火态合金在室温下的最大压痕深度、蠕变位移和蠕变速率敏感指数等压痕蠕变参数,并分析两种状态下合金的蠕变机理。结果原始态合金的显微组织几乎全为α相,退火态合金的显微组织为网篮组织。荷载分别为200、300、400 mN时,加载阶段原始态合金的最大压痕深度比退火态合金的最大压痕深度分别提高43%、42%、34%;保载阶段,原始态合金的蠕变位移比退火态合金的蠕变位移分别提高129%、128%、139%。原始态合金的蠕变速率敏感指数m值分别为0.054、0.050、0.046,退火态合金的m值分别为0.041、0.032、0.022,相同荷载下原始态的m值均大于退火态的m值。结论退火处理形成的网篮组织,使退火态合金的蠕变速率敏感指数m值降低,从而使其蠕变抗力增强。原始态和退火态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变机理均为位错蠕变。     

TC6钛合金的高温拉伸蠕变行为研究

通过高温拉伸蠕变实验,获得了TC6合金的蠕变应变-时间曲线,并计算了其不同应力与不同温度下的稳态蠕变速率、应力指数及在350～450℃范围内的蠕变激活能,借助OM、TEM等手段对合金蠕变前后的显微组织进行了观察和分析,并在此基础上研究了其蠕变变形机制.结果表明:TC6合金的稳态蠕变速率随温度或恒应力的增加而增大,该合金在此温度范围内的蠕变受位错和扩散双重机制的控制,晶界滑动对蠕变也有一定的作用.     

Creep behavior of ageing hardened Mg-10Gd-3Y alloy

Tensile creep behaviors of the ageing hardened Mg-10Gd-3Y alloy(referred to GW103)were investigated at temperatures up to 300℃.The extruded-T5 specimen exhibited high creep resistance,i.e.the low steady-state creep rate and long creep rupture time,while the better creep properties were observed in the cast-T6 one.The low steady-state creep rate of 1.71×10- 9s -1is obtained at 200℃and 80 MPa for the extruded-T5 GW103 alloy.In addition,the microstructure development of GW103-T5 alloy was also examined after creep exposure at different temperatures.On the other hand,the stress exponent and activation energy were studied in the temperature range of 200-300℃for the extruded-T5 specimens,and the creep mechanism was also discussed.     

FeCrAl和Zr-2燃料包壳在中子辐照下的热力响应模拟

选用FeCrAl合金中具有代表性的C35M合金为研究对象,建立小型燃料棒模型,基于用户材料子程序（UMAT）,将C35M合金的辐照蠕变模型嵌入子程序中,通过有限元软件ABAQUS计算了其在中子辐照下的热力耦合行为。选用Zr-2合金作为对比,分析了包壳的温度场、应力场、位移场以及间隙距离随时间的演变。结果表明,2种合金的温度场、应力场分布相同,温度分布主要受冷却剂影响,应力场则与温度、蠕变速率有关。在运行过程中,Zr-2合金以辐照生长为主,C35M合金则为辐照蠕变以及少量的热膨胀变形。Zr-2合金的间隙闭合速率远大于C35M合金,这表明C35M合金可以延长事故反应时间,但为了适应反应堆内的复杂环境,材料仍需继续优化,提高其强度以及蠕变速率。     

Mg-3Al-1Si-xSr合金的组织和蠕变性能

通过Sr微合金化和热处理工艺(固溶和时效)来调整Mg-3Al-1Si合金的显微组织,从而提高试验合金的蠕变性能。结果表明:Sr元素和固溶时效处理对Mg-3Al-1Si合金的铸态组织均有很强的细化作用,Sr含量为0.4wt%,时效时间为24 h时,细化效果达到最佳;随Sr含量增加及时效时间延长,Mg-3Al-1Si合金的蠕变寿命提高,但时效36 h时出现过时效,蠕变寿命降低。Mg-3Al-1Si-0.4Sr合金经420 ℃×10 h固溶+180 ℃×24 h时效处理后,蠕变寿命为62.32 h,稳态蠕变速率为5.545×10^-6 mm/s,蠕变性能最优,蠕变断口形貌由解理断裂逐渐转变为韧性断裂。     

Modelling and prediction impression creep behaviour of Al–Cu cast alloy

In this study, the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and impression creep behaviour of the as-cast Al–3.7 wt.% Cu alloy was investigated. Impression creep was performed in the temperature range of 423–513 K in stresses of 380–470 MPa for about 5000 s and cooled with different rates. It is deduced that for all cooling rates, lattice, pipe diffusion and climb controlled dislocation creep control the creep rate. The activation energies vary between 82 and 124 kJ/mol which is due to changing the diffusion mechanism from pipe to lattice self diffusion. Moreover, secondary dendritic arm spacing decreases with increasing the cooling rate because of higher constitutional undercooling and formation of secondary dendrite arms. In this research, an artificial neural networks (ANN) structure was proposed to estimate creep of a cast aluminium alloy. Results show that the ANN is a robust approach to predict the creep behaviour of this alloy.     

CREEP CRACK PROPAGATION IN CONVENTIONAL CAST AND DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED SUPERALLOY RENE 80

The creep crack propagation in superalloy René80 of two different microstructures,i.e.,equiaxed grain structure by conventional casting and columnar grain by directionalsolidification,was investigated under static load at 1123 K.The creep crack growth rate,da/dt,seems to be correlated with the stress intensity factor,K.The creep crack growth ratein the directionally solidified alloy is lower than that in the conventional cast alloy,owing tothe elimination of transverse grain boundaries.The effect of microstructure on creep crackpropagation has also been discussed.     

High temperature deformation mechanism and evolution of dislocation structure during creep of Ni-Base superalloy 713LC

Creep deformation of cast nickel base superalloy 713LC has been investigated in a temperature range of 723 to 982°C. The values of the stress exponent and activation energy for creep of the alloy vary with a combination of temperature and stress. Introduction of threshold stress for creep of the alloy provided an explanation of the high values of the stress exponent and the apparent activation energy. Microstructural evolution of the alloy with creep deformation has also been studied. The analysis of the creep mechanism has been supplemented by microstructural observations after deformation under various test conditions. The dislocation structure of the alloy at high temperature and low stress was different from that at low temperature and high stress. Shearing of γ′ particles by dislocation pairs was the dominant creep mechanism at low temperature and high stress whereas dislocation climb over γ′ particles was the rate controlling process of creep at high temperature and low stress.     

热连轧Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变行为及影响因素

采用热处理、蠕变性能测试及位错组态的衍衬分析,研究热连轧Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变行为及影响因素.结果表明:经低于β相变点的固溶处理,合金的组织结构由高固溶度的等轴α相和网篮组织组成;随着固溶温度提高,网篮组织数量增多;经1 000 ℃固溶处理后合金可获得完全网篮组织;与940 ℃固溶时效合金相比,经 1 000 ℃固溶时效合金在420 ℃、575 MPa条件下具有较低的应变速率和较长的蠕变寿命;在试验的温度和应力范围内,计算出该合金的蠕变激活能为249.8 kJ/mol;在蠕变期间,热连轧合金的变形机制是位错在具HCP结构的α相中发生双取向滑移,940 ℃固溶处理合金的蠕变机制是波浪状位错在α相中发生锥面滑移,而经1 000 ℃固溶处理合金的变形机制是<1/2>(111(位错在具BCC结构的β相中发生多系滑移;经1 000 ℃固溶处理合金中所含的高含量富V的β相可提高合金蠕变抗力,这是合金具有较低应变速率和较长蠕变寿命的主要原因.     

铸态Mg-2Zn-1.5Cu合金组织及力学性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、XRD物相分析以及力学性能测试等手段,研究了Mg-2Zn-1.5Cu(at%)合金的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:铸态合金存在较为明显的元素偏析,主要的第二相为MgCuZn相;合金的力学性能随着温度的提高而不断降低,塑性变化幅度要明显高于强度,合金的断裂方式也由低温时的沿晶断裂转变为高温时的穿晶断裂;在相同温度下,随着应力的提升,合金的稳态蠕变速率提高,蠕变机制由晶界控制转变为晶界及位错共同控制;在相同的应力下,随着温度的提升,合金的稳态蠕变速率存在数量级的提升,蠕变激活能由130kJ/mol降低到36.4 kJ/mol;在200℃,45 MPa时,出现加速蠕变阶段,发生蠕变断裂,断口存在明显的穿晶断裂特征,基体中有大量的沿基面运动的位错,部分位错发生攀移,MgZnCu相具有减缓蠕变变形的作用。     

Creep Behaviors of DA Casting and Rolling GH4169 Superalloy

After the billet of Casting and Rolling GH4169 alloy was directly aged (DA) treated at 720 ℃ and 620 ℃, creep behavior and deformed features of the alloy were investigated by means of the measurement of creep curves and microstructure observation. Results show that the DA Casting and Rolling GH4169 Superalloy displays a lower strain rate during creep and longer lifetimes under the condition of the applied stress of 700 MPa at 650 ℃ , the creep lifetimes of the alloy decrease to 127 h as temperature is eleva...     

硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料高温蠕变性能

通过高温蠕变试验并对微观组织及蠕变断口形貌进行了观察,研究了硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料在高温下的蠕变性能.结果表明,高温对AZ91D合金的抗蠕变性能具有很大的影响.硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料在300℃、30 MPa下的蠕变寿命达到了约24 h,而基体合金只有6 h,说明硼酸镁品须对基体合金的增强作用明显.硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料比基体镁合金的蠕变速率低2～3个数量级.发现了沿晶滑移和由于晶须拔出导致与基体结合的松动而产生的部分镁合金整体脱落是复合材料蠕变破坏的主要原因.     

Hastelloy C-276合金应力松弛试验及蠕变本构方程

对Hastelloy C-276合金分别在不同的温度(750、800、850和900℃)和相应的初始应力(250、250、250和200 MPa)条件下进行了多组应力松弛试验。利用试验测得的应力松弛曲线推导出应力松弛过程中蠕变应变速率与应力之间的关系,建立用于描述Hastelloy C-276合金应力松弛行为的蠕变本构方程,通过对蠕变应变速率—应力曲线进行拟合,得到各温度下蠕变本构方程中的材料常数。将蠕变本构方程带入有限元软件MSC.Marc对Hastelloy C-276合金的应力松弛过程进行模拟,模拟得到的应力松弛曲线与试验测得的应力松弛曲线符合得很好,验证蠕变本构方程的可靠性。     

Creep Properties and Solute Atomic Segregation of High-W and High-Ta Type Powder Metallurgy SuperalloyEI北大核心CSCD

研究了最新开发的高W高Ta型粉末高温合金GNPM01优异的蠕变性能和蠕变强化机理。利用球差校正扫描透射电子显微镜(AC-STEM)，详细分析了粉末高温合金GNPM01蠕变变形机制和溶质原子在超点阵层错和微孪晶上的偏聚行为，阐明了溶质原子Cr、Co、Mo的偏聚是导致无序微孪晶在晶内扩展的根本原因。GNPM01合金在815℃蠕变过程中，γ’相内孤立的超点阵外禀层错(SESF)处出现了W、Ta、Nb、Co和Ti的Suzuki偏聚，并且偏聚原子具有有序的占位，造成SESF处发生局部微区相变(LPT)，形成的[(Ni, Co)₃(Ti, Nb, Ta, W)]有序相η相能有效阻碍微孪晶的形成和扩展，从而降低合金的蠕变速率。     

Interaction of Precipitation and Creep in Mg-Al Alloys

Microstructural studies of a Mg-10.3 pet Al alloy showed that discontinuous precipitation during aging multiplies the grain boundary area available for easy deformation in elevated temperature creep. An increase of strain rate for a 6.2 pet Al alloy at 400°F, where precipitation and creep are concurrent, caused an increase in the volume percentage discontinuously precipitated at the completion of the process. The relatively poor elevated temperature creep resistance of heat treated alloys of the Mg-AI-Zn type was explained in these structural terms.     

热腐蚀对GH37高温合金蠕变强度的影响

采用在GH37合金上涂敷NaCl(25Wt％)及Na_2SO_4(75Wt％)的方法,研究了700℃及850℃下热腐蚀对蠕变强度的影响。发现试样涂上混合盐后,蠕变第二阶段速率增大,并严重降低二个温度下的蠕变断裂寿命及断裂塑性。值得提出的是,尽管700℃下合金几乎不经受热腐蚀,但与850℃的相比,对蠕变强度的影响却是700℃时更为强烈。 由断口观察推测,涂盐试样在700℃下蠕变寿命下降是由于缩短了蠕变裂纹萌生期。850℃下蠕变寿命的下降是由于蠕变裂纹扩展速率的增大。 试样上渗涂Al-Cr涂层后,可以大大提高在热腐蚀介质中合金的蠕变强度。     

GH864合金蠕变/疲劳裂纹扩展速率及a-N曲线分析

研究了GH864合金不同保载时间下650℃蠕变/疲劳裂纹扩展行为,分析了裂纹扩展过程中蠕变和氧化的作用,以及a-N曲线的转折点含义。结果表明:保载5s时GH864合金以穿晶断裂为主,疲劳作用占主导;保载90s时GH864合金以沿晶断裂为主,蠕变作用占主导。利用Saxena模型可较好地表征本实验条件下650℃蠕变/疲劳交互作用的裂纹扩展速率曲线,可估算较高应力强度因子和较低应力强度因子的裂纹扩展速率。另外,用Saxena模型可求出蠕变和疲劳的表达式,对比分析高温蠕变/疲劳交互作用的裂纹扩展过程中蠕变和疲劳的作用及所占的比例。最后针对a-Ni/Nf、da/dN-a曲线及da/dN-N曲线变换中出现的拐点,结合断口形貌分析了转折点对应的含义。高温合金及其它材料的裂纹扩展速率曲线也适用于以上曲线分析方法。     

定向凝固NiAl-28Cr-5.8Mo-0.2Hf合金的高温拉伸蠕变行为

研究了定向凝固NiAl-28Cr-5.8Mo-0.2Hf合金的显微组织和在982－1100℃,50-124MPa应力下的高温蠕变行为，该合金是由NiAl相。Cr(Mo)相和少量Hf的固溶体相组成。蠕变测试结果表明：蠕变曲线是由较短的减速蠕变阶段和较长的加速蠕变阶段组成，且蠕变后的显微组织变化不大，蠕变变形机制是由位错攀移机制所控制。加强蠕变阶段蠕变速率的增加是由于裂纹的形成与扩展引起的。