Cu基块状非晶晶化过程的微区变形及力学性能

在玻璃转变温度以下选择350、400、475及600 K进行1 h的等温退火,用纳米压痕仪、扫描电镜等研究Cu基块状非晶晶化过程的力学性能及变形。Cu基块状非晶在纳米压头作用下体现弹-塑性变形方式,载荷—位移曲线和压痕周边多重剪切带的特征证明了塑性变形的存在。350 K退火试样具有较大的压痕硬度HV和弹性模量E值及较小的塑性变形量dn值;400 K退火后,HV和E值显著减小,dn值明显增大;475 K退火后,有少量晶体相析出,但合金以非晶的特性为主,HV和E值继续减小,dn值继续增大;600 K退火后,晶体相进一步长大和析出,其固溶强化和弥散强化使合金的HV和E值有所增加,dn值略有减小。对塑性变形机理进行了初步分析。     

退火处理对Cu基块状非晶压缩性能的影响

选择400、600、743、753、873和973 K,进行30 min和3 h的等温退火,用XRD、万能试验机和SEM研究退火处理对Cu基块状非晶合金压缩性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火时间的延长,Cu基块状非晶合金的起始晶化温度逐渐降低;试样经过30 min和3 h的退火处理后,其压缩曲线均为线弹性,没有明显的非弹性屈服过程;在600、743和753 K经过30 min的退火处理后的压缩强度的变化趋势为降低-升高-降低的模式,与经过3 h退火处理的压缩强度的变化趋势相反,对压缩强度的变化原因进行了初步分析;Cu基块状非晶合金在743 K退火30 min后的压缩性能最好,压缩强度达到2138 MPa。     

镍基块状非晶合金的晶化动力学行为

利用铜模铸造方法制备了Ni45 Ti23Zr15Si5Pd12块状非晶合金，采用扫描差热分析(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)对该块状非晶合金的晶化动力学行为进行了研究．结果表明：Ni45Ti23Zr15Si5Pd12块状非晶样品的晶化过程为多阶段晶化，主要晶化过程的Avrami指数大于3．0，为三维形核长大过程；随着晶化体积分数的增加，剩余非晶的晶化激活能增大，合金热稳定性增加；原子尺寸差异以及各原子间大的负混合焓是合金具有高的热稳定性的主要原因．     

合金元素对Zr基大块非晶晶化行为的影响

利用准晶的共轭结构模型构造出了Zr基非晶合金中准晶相的原子结构模型,用递归方法研究了合金元素对非晶晶化过程的影响.结果表明:Zr基非晶合金析出的准晶相存在Zr6Ni,Ni6Zr2种结构,Ni6Zr结构优先析出;合金元素Ag,Pd,Pt,Au固溶于准晶中时,占据Cu,Ni原子的位置,增大近邻原子间的相互作用,这从电子理论角度解释了合金元素Ag,Pd,Pt,Au稳定地促进二十面体准晶(I)相析出的事实.     

放电等离子烧结-非晶晶化法合成钛基块状非晶复合材料

鉴于块状非晶合金(BAAs)的低塑性特征,回顾了利用放电等离子烧结?非晶晶化法制备高性能块状材料的成形技术,即先机械合金化制备钛基多组元非晶合金粉末,然后利用放电等离子烧结在粉末的过冷液相区固结非晶粉末,再利用非晶晶化法使烧结的非晶块体在随后的烧结和热处理过程中晶化析出β-Ti延性相,控制延性相的形貌、尺度和分布,合成以非晶相或β-Ti晶化相为基体的钛基块状非晶复合材料(CBBAAs),研究不同添加或替换组元对TiNbCuNiAl非晶粉末颗粒尺寸、热物性和微观结构的作用,探索了不同烧结参数对合成的CBBAAs微观结构和力学性能的影响规律,揭示合成含晶化相CBBAAs的理论基础和非晶晶化过程中晶粒形核长大的规律,提出并利用发展的软硬模型来阐释应力作用下CBBAAs的断裂机理。研究结果提供一种极具前途的粉末冶金复合材料制备方法,该方法能制备尺寸较大、力学性能优异的含晶化相的块状复合材料。     

Cu64Zr36非晶合金的晶化动力学

利用单辊急冷法制备了CH64Zr36非晶合金，使用盐浴等温退火并用DSC和XRD研究了其晶化过程、玻璃转变和晶化动力学。结果表明：CH64Zr36非晶合金的晶化过程为：非晶一非晶＋Cu10Zr7→Cu10Zr7＋CuZr2。该合金的玻璃转变和晶化激活能分别为433．7kJ／mol和603kJ／mol。     

高锆Si-Al-Zr-O系非晶晶化过程

采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、红外光谱(IR)分析和扫描电镜(SEM)观察等方法,对Si-Al-Zr-O系非晶晶化过程、晶核剂对晶化过程的影响进行了研究.结果表明:Si-Al-Zr-O系非晶在935～970℃和1 100～1 200℃分别发生了四方氧化锆和莫来石的析出反应;TiO2和ZrO2作为晶核剂引入对四方氧化锆和莫来石的析出有一定影响;TiO2含量的增加可使四方氧化锆晶相的析出能力显著提高,而ZrO2含量的增加可提高莫来石晶相的析出能力.根据晶化过程的研究结果制定了合理的晶化热处理工艺,并获得晶粒大小均匀、结构致密的微米晶、纳米晶、莫来石/SiO2-t-ZrO2复相陶瓷.     

非晶Cu在晶化过程中的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学模拟的方法, 采用紧束缚势函数, 研究了非晶Cu在升温条件下的晶化行为, 分析了系统能量、体积、双体关联函数和局部结构的变化, 并结合键对分析方法计算了不同弛豫时间下典型短程有序结构的分布. 结果表明, 在非晶Cu升温的最初阶段, 原子运动未必造成短程结构的进一步规则化; 结构转变初期,首先发生1431和1541键向1421键的转变, 1421键型数量在400 K以上则基本呈现直线上升的趋势, 接近600 K时达到最大值; 此后1421键的数量随温度的上升而下降, 熔化时其数量急剧减少.     

脉冲电流对铜基大块非晶的玻璃转变及晶化行为的影响

采用DSC和XRD等分析方法从动力学角度研究了脉冲电流对Cu基块状非晶合金玻璃转变和晶化的影响。结果表明：Cu50Zr42Al8块状非晶合金经脉冲电流低温处理后,其玻璃转变温度Tg、起始晶化温度Tg和晶化峰温度Tp都有一定程度的降低,但过冷液相区△Ts却基本不变;而在改变时间和频率的情况下,各个参数值的变化不是很明显。脉冲电流对Cu50Zr42Al8块状非晶合金玻璃转变和晶化的影响与脉冲电流处理所导致的结构弛豫有关。     

Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5块状非晶晶化过程的电镜研究

用透射电镜对Zr65Al7.5Ni10 Cu17.5块状非晶合金的晶化过程进行了研究。发现晶化过程的不同阶段相的组成是不同的。710K时 ,主要是tI CuZr2 相和tP Al2 Zr3 相 ,两者有固定的取向关系 :[0 10 ]tI∥ [0 10 ]tP,(10- 3) tI∥(2 0 2 ) tP。在 76 0K时 ,除了前面的两个相外 ,又出现了hP2 Al2 NiZr6相和hP3 α Zr相 ,两者也有固定取向关系 :[113]hP2 ∥ [0 0 1]hP3 ,(14- 1) hP2 ∥ (2 1- 0 ) hP3 。根据它们的晶格常数的相似性可以把晶化相归纳为两类 :tI ,oC ,hP3 和tP ,hP1,hP2 。这些相都是Zr基的 ,但前者富Cu和Ni,后者富Al。用电镜得到的结果来标定X射线衍射谱 ,结果吻合很好。     

Oxidation and crystallization mechanisms in plasma-sprayed Cu-based bulk metallic glass coatings

Cu-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) coatings were built-up by the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) process at different hydrogen flow rates. As the hydrogen flow rate increased, thermal energy in the plasma jet increased the melting state of the Cu-based BMG particles. Although it was expected that the difference in melting states would quantitatively affect the amorphous fractions in the coatings, both the amorphous fraction and the oxide content of the layers were independent of hydrogen flow rate. However, different melting states resulting from different hydrogen gas flow rates, and the subsequent oxidation which inevitably occurred during spraying, generated different crystallization processes in the coating. In this paper, crystallization mechanisms in plasma-sprayed BMG were studied using their microstructures. Specific analyses of the particles deposited at high travel speed and quenched in cold water also served for further understanding of the melting state and change in composition of the particles undergo during deposition.     

Dynamic mechanical behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass during glass transition and crystallization

The dynamic mechanical behaviors of the Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni8Be22.5Fe2 bulk metallic glass (BMG) during continuous heating at a constant rate were investigated. The glass transition and crystallization of the Zr-based BMG were thus characterized by the measurements of storage modulus E and internal friction Q-1. It was found that the variations of these dynamic mechanical quantifies with temperature were interre-lated and were well in agreement with the DSC trace obtained at the same heating rate. The origin of the first peak in the internal friction curve was closely related to the dynamic glass transition and subsequent primary crystallization. Moreover, it can be well described by a physical model, which can characterize atomic mobility and mechanical response of disordered condense materials. In comparison with the DSC trace, the relative position of the first internal friction peak of the BMG was found to be dependent on its thermal stability against crys-tallization.     

Microstructural studies of crystallization of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass

The evolution of the microstructure of a Zr_52.5Ti₅Cu_17.9Ni_14.6Al₁₀ alloy during isothermal annealing near the glass transition temperature was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In situ SANS experiments show that an interference maximum develops with isothermal annealing, which is attributed to decomposition in the undercooled liquid state. In agreement with these results, TEM observations show the formation of structural inhomogeneities in the glassy alloy in the early stages of annealing, which are correlated with the partially crystalline microstructure in the later stages. The TEM and XRD data show that finally two nanocrystalline phases form after long-term annealing as a result of the decomposition process in the early stages. Direct evidence for decomposition was obtained using Z-contrast imaging technique that showed a systematic variation of the Zr concentration between the two nanocrystalline phases.     

Effect of minor Nb addition on mechanical properties of in-situ Cu-based bulk metallic glass composite

In-situ formed (Cu_0.6Zr_0.3Ti_0.1)₉₅Nb₅ bulk metallic glass (BMG) composite with Nb-rich dendrite randomly dispersed in hard glassy matrix was prepared by casting into a water-cooled copper mold. The dendrite has much smaller hardness and elastic modulus than glassy matrix, and the stress concentration at interface provides a channel for the initiating and branching of shear bands upon loading, thus leading to a high compressive fracture strain of 6.08% and fracture strength about 2200 MPa. Comparing with other Cu-based BMG composite, the fracture strength of present (Cu_0.6Zr_0.3Ti_0.1)₉₅Nb₅ composite is not significantly reduced, indicating that the addition of Nb in the current work is an effective and effortless way to fabricate new practical BMG composites with enhanced strength and good plasticity.     

合金微结构的调整对铁基块体金属玻璃室温塑性的影响(英文)

报道一种新奇的现象,即随着Fe75Mo5P10C8.3B1.7块体金属玻璃的直径从1.5mm增加到2.0mm,其室温压缩塑性反而从0.5%增加到1.8%。这主要归因于随着铁基块体金属玻璃样品直径的增加,原位形成了零星的α-Fe枝晶相,这种在边缘化的块体金属玻璃中出现的异质结构是提高当前铁基块体金属玻璃室温塑性的主要原因。     

铜基块体非晶合金纳米压痕研究

本文利用三种不同的纳米压痕模式研究了两种铜基大块金属玻璃Cu₅₉Zr₃₆Ti₅和Cu₆₁Zr₃₄Ti₅。分别采用了加载速率控制模式、载荷控制模式和循环加载模式。当加载速率不超过5mN/S时,试样的杨氏模量随加载速率而变。Cu₅₉Zr₃₆Ti₅和Cu₆₁Zr₃₄Ti₅的弹性模量均随峰值载荷和加载速率的增加而降低。但峰值载荷和加载速率对硬度影响不大。循环加载使Cu₅₉Zr₃₆Ti₅产生轻微加工硬化,而Cu₆₁Zr₃₄Ti₅则不显示这样的结果。而且,Cu₆₁Zr₃₄Ti₅的硬度和模量都明显高于Cu₅₉Zr₃₆Ti₅。     

Unusual volume change associated with crystallization in Ce-Ga-Cu bulk metallic glass

In the general concept of crystallization kinetics, the amorphous solid with a number of open spaces transforms into a thermodynamically stable crystal, being denser than the corresponding amorphous phase. However, we unambiguously show that Ce₇₀Ga₆Cu₂₄ bulk metallic glass (BMG) exhibits volume expansion together with the density decrease upon crystallization in sharp contrast to other amorphous materials. This anomalous behavior is found to be explained by the formation of structurally loose interfaces among crystallites in the crystalline Ce₇₀Ga₆Cu₂₄ in addition to the disappearance of Ce-concentrated densely-packed local structure originally located in the amorphous matrix of BMG.