基于电子地图的中国动力用煤与电站锅炉设备数据管理信息系统设计

针对动力用煤煤性分析与电站锅炉设备数据量的不断增加,用传统纸质存储与手工查询方式已困难重重,为此设计了基于电子地图的动力用煤与电站锅炉设备数据管理信息系统,该系统可以现代技术手段（Internet）向管理部门和科研人员提供及时、完整、可靠的动力用煤与电站锅炉设备信息。     

Separation of carbon dioxide with the use of chemical-looping combustion and gasification of fuels

Matters regarding using new technology for chemical-looping combustion of fuels for solving the problem of separation and disposal of artificial CO₂ (CO₂ sequestration) are discussed. The primary results of investigations and possible schemes for implementing the processes in pilot and commercial installations are presented. Their technical and economic indicators are estimated, and a possibility of disposing CO₂ produced during electricity generation is considered.     

体育场馆区域照明的眩光评价

本文分析了体育场馆照明眩光产生的原理及影响眩光的因素,提出了一种实用的体育场馆区域照明的眩光评价系统及其简化方法。该评价系统不仅可以使用合适的测试仪表来核查已存在的照明设施的眩光状况,还可以在新照明装置的设计阶段用来预测眩光程度。详细说明了主要应用范畴的一般眩光等级限制。     

Process monitoring systems at Mosenergo cogeneration stations: the present state and prospects for future development

The state of systems for monitoring the operation of power installations is analyzed. Problems encountered during the introduction of systems for monitoring and metering the generation of electricity and heat are discussed.     

Evaluating the prospects for utilizing wind energy for supplying heat to consumers in Northern Regions of Russia

he question of using wind power installations for supplying heat to small distributed consumers in the European north of Russia is considered. The wind energy potential in the region and prerequisites for utilizing it are analyzed. Results from a feasibility study of participation of wind power installations in covering the heating load curve are presented.     

Development of Equipment and Perfection of Technology to Prepare Fuel for the Firing and Gasification in Circulating and Stationary Fluidized Beds

Equipment and systems used to prepare fuel for firing and gasification in power installations with circulating and stationary fluidized beds are described. Results are presented from the development, investigation, and industrial tests of centrifugal cutting crushers using which it is possible to obtain fuel with the fractional composition required for reliable and efficient operation of power installations with circulating and stationary fluidized beds.     

Fuel Cell Based Power-Generating Installations: State of the Art and Future Prospects

Specific features of power-generating installations constructed using different types of fuel cells are considered. Problems and trends of their development in Russia and abroad are analyzed. Fuel cell commercialization lines, their application niches, and the most well-known projects of constructing and exploiting fuel cell-based power-generating installations are described. Special attention is paid to analyzing the specific features pertinent to the domestic market of fuel cells and prospects of different lines of their application taking into account competition from other energy sources. Conclusions about the most topical development lines of the considered technologies under the conditions of Russia are drawn with due regard to the available groundwork as well as technical and economic aspects. It is pointed out that the main application field of fuel cells in Russia may be distributed generation of electricity, including off-grid supply of power to consumers on the basis of network and liquefied natural gas, liquefied hydrocarbon gases, and also renewable energy sources. In this regard, installations involving combined generation of electricity and heat, including small ones with a capacity of a few tens or hundreds of kilowatts, are of special interest. Prospective market niches for using fuel cells may include pipeline cathodic protection stations, utilization of biogas obtained, e.g., in reprocessing domestic waste, emergency and uninterruptible power supply systems, propulsion power installations of air drones, auxiliary power installations with a capacity of 1–3 kW, and utilization of hydrogen rejected from chemical production facilities. In view of existing groundwork and cooperation, concentration of efforts aimed at developing solid oxide, solid polymeric, and alkaline fuel cells in Russia seems to be the most topical issue. The use of molten carbonate fuel cells may be of considerable practical interest for reclaiming landfill gas at solid domestic waste landfills and at aeration fields, a problem that is an issue for many cities in the country; such cells can also be used for concentrating and extracting CO₂ from fuel gases.     

Creation of equipment for combined-cycle installations—One of the priority problems facing power-machinery builders

Offers of OAO Silovye Mashiny for delivery of equipment for combined-cycle installations (CCIs) of reconstructed and newly built power stations are presented.     

Small-capacity power engineering in Russia

Estimated scales on which small-capacity power-generating installations are used in Russia are presented.     

Predicting harmonic problems resulting from customer capacitoradditions for demand-side management

The use of capacitors to correct for poor power factor is a well-established and cost-effective means of reducing demand and system losses. Utilities routinely apply capacitors on transmission and distribution systems. Additional gains may be made by installing capacitors in customer facilities and many utilities are encouraging such installations for demand-side management (DSM) purposes. Unfortunately, many industrial customers have serious problems with capacitor installations because of interactions with harmonic distortion from plant loads. Capacitors may cause one or more harmonics to be accentuated through resonance. The capacitors themselves may be damaged or the resulting voltage distortion may make it impossible to operate some process equipment. It is often difficult to predict which capacitor installations will be troublesome, particularly when there are numerous capacitors and harmonic-producing loads scattered over a plant's power system. A simplified approach that depends on less input data is described. The method is based on the voltage distortion at the main bus and the currents in the capacitors. Two test cases are presented     

The influence of the gas-distributing grid diameter on the transition velocity and hydrodynamics of the bottom layer in circulating fluidized bed installations

The dependences of dimensionless fluidization velocities separating bubble, transition, and fast fluidization regimes on the properties of dispersed material for particles belonging to groups B and D (according to D. Geldart’s classification) are presented. Correspondence between the considered dependences and experimental data obtained by different researchers and their correlation with critical fluidization velocities and particle terminal velocities are shown. The hydrodynamic mechanisms governing the saturation of fluidized bed with bubbles on reaching the transition fluidization velocity in installations having different sizes are considered. Factors due to which a bottom bubble layer disappears in narrow installations and is retained on large-diameter grids in an intense channel forming mode are explained. Experimental data are presented from which it is seen that the bubble layer hydrodynamics depends on the gas-distributing grid diameter and that this diameter has an insignificant influence on the fluidization velocity during the transition from a bubble to fast fluidization regime.     

A technical evaluation framework for the connection of DG to the distribution network

Technical advances and institutional changes in the electric power industry have resulted in a constantly increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) resources in the grids. For the connection of new DG installations to the network a variety of factors are taken into account, including technical requirements imposed by utilities to ensure that the DG station does not adversely affect the operation and safety of the network. In this paper, fundamental issues related to the interconnection of DG installations to the grid are discussed and evaluation rules are presented, which address power quality considerations and are suitable for application by electric utility and DG engineers. The attention is focused on the steady-state and fast voltage variations, flicker and harmonic emissions. The simplified evaluation procedures of the paper are largely based on the relevant IEC publications and reflect the current practice of several European utilities. A discussion of the interconnection protection requirements is also included in the paper.     

Features of construction of manipulators for electron-beam welding installations

The features of the construction of multicoordinate manipulators for moving welded products in precision electron-beam welding installations are considered. The kinematic circuits of manipulators, the types of stepping motors, and the circuit of the control system over the multicoordinate moving of welded products are presented.     

零排放煤基发电系统关键设备的化学动力学分析

零排放煤基发电技术是近年来为了克服常规动力系统中煤等化石燃料直接燃烧时存在能源转换率低、环境保护压力大等能源环境问题,和常规煤气化过程中能耗偏大等缺点而出现的一门高效、清洁煤利用技术。在系统概念设计的工作条件下,对实现煤加氢气化零排放发电的四个关键设备(气化炉、碳化塔、煅烧炉和燃料电池)进行了化学动力学分析,研究了温度和压力的变化对其中进行的化学反应的影响,得到了使反应能够进行和维持较高平衡转化率的温度和压力条件。     

Effectiveness and prospects of using different solar water heating systems under the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation

The results obtained from simulating the operation of three types of solar hot water supply installations in the territory of the Russian Federation is presented: a simplest hot-water installation with accumulation of heated water directly in a solar collector and solar water-heating installations equipped with a separate storage tank and flat-plate or tubular evacuated solar collectors.     

Capacitor Starting of Large Motors

The basic requirements of a capacitor starting system for use in reducing voltage flicker during start-up of large induction motors are presented. Flicker calculations, control circuits, switching requirements, overstressing, and flicker reduction are discussed along with test results from several installations on the Houston Lighting and Power Company system.     

Measurements of fast rise-time transients switching large 13.2 kVmotors

A method of fast rise-time transient voltage measurements on actual 13.8 kV switchgear installations is presented. The system configurations as well as the instrumentation and test set-up are described. Results are presented from both low voltage (50 V) and rated voltage (13.8 kV) tests. Measurements on air magnetic and vacuum circuit breakers are included     

Domestic equipment for the development of gas-turbine based power engineering

A brief analysis of characteristics and specific features of foreign gas-turbine installations is presented. Prospects of introduction of combined-cycle and gas-turbine technologies in power engineering of Russia and main directions of using them are shown.     

Prospects for using hybrid power installations on the basis of solid-oxide fuel cells integrated with intracycle coal gasification

Results from calculation of a hybrid power installation operating on synthesis gas are presented. The process circuit of a combined-cycle plant with coal gasification and solid-oxide fuel cells is given together with its power performance indicators. Prospects for using hybrid power installations on the basis of solid-oxide fuel cells that use coal as primary fuel are estimated.